,illustration ,,scientific ,,american ,a ,,weekly ,,journal ,,of ,,practical ,,information1 ,,art1 ,,science1 ,,mechanics1 ,,chemistry1 ,,and ,,manufactures4 ,,new ,,york1 ,,february #bd1 #ahgg4 ,vol4 ,,xxxvi4--,no4 #h4 ,,new ,,series4 #c4bj per ,annum ,,postage ,,prepaid4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scientific ,,american ,,established #ahde ,,munn ,,co41 ,editors and ,proprietors4 ,,published ,,weekly ,,at ,,no4 #cg ,,park ,,row1 ,,new ,,york4 ,o4,d4 ,,munn4 ,a4,e4 ,,beach4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,terms ,,for ,,the ,,scientific ,,american4 ,one copy1 one year1 postage included4 #c4bj ,one copy1 six months1 postage included4 #a4fj ,clubs4--,one extra copy of ,,the ,,scientific ,,american will be supplied gratis for every club of five subscribers at #c4bj each2 additional copies at same proportionate rate4 ,postage prepaid4 ,,the ,,scientific ,,american ,,supplement is a distinct paper from the ,,scientific ,,american4 ,,the ,,supplement is issued weekly2 every number contains #af octavo pages1 with handsome cover1 uniform in size with ,,scientific ,,american4 ,terms of subscription for ,,supplement1 #e4jj a year1 postage paid1 to subscribers4 ,single copies #aj cents4 ,sold by all news dealers throughout the country4 ,,combined ,,rates4--,the ,,scientific ,,american and ,,supplement will be sent for one year1 postage free1 on receipt of seven dollars4 ,both papers to one address or different addresses1 as desired4 ,the safest way to remit is by draft1 postal order1 or registered letter4 ,address ,,munn ,,co41 #cg ,park ,row1 ,n4,y4 ,subscriptions received and single copies of either paper sold by all the news agents4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,vol4 ,,xxxvi41 ,no4 #h4 ,,new ,,series4 ,thirty-second ,year4 ,,new ,,york1 ,,saturday1 ,,february #bd1 #ahgg4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,contents4 7,illustrated articles are marked with an asterisk47 ,academy of ,sciences1 ,new ,york4 #aag ,answers to correspondents4 #abc ,arts1 lost1 in ,new ,york4 #aac ,augers and drills 7#af74 #abc ,bain1 ,alexander4 #aba ,blue glass deception1 the4 #aac ,blue glass science4 #aba ,boilers for small engines 7#b1ad74 #abc ,business and personal4 #abc ,caffeone4 #aad ,chromate of lime1 acid 7#ah74 #abc ,circle problem1 the three 7#h74 #abc ,clock collector1 a4 #aai ,coal1 burning small 7#ai74 #abc ,cremation temple1 proposed994 #aai ,dark days 7#aa74 #abc ,dates and the date palm994 #aaa ,diseases1 infections4 #aba ,dyeing process1 a cold 7#i74 #abc ,engines for boats 7#ab74 #abc ,floors1 filling for hardwood 7#f74 #abc ,friction at rest 7#ae74 #abc ,frost plant of ,russia1 the994 #aaf ,glass making1 toughened4 #aba ,greenhouses1 tar paint in 7#c74 #abc ,harness cockeye1 improved994 #aah ,heating ranges 7#ag74 #abc ,heating rooms 7#g74 #abc ,hemi-plunger1 the499 #aae ,hens1 ,leghorn4 #aad ,ink1 purple marking4 #aag ,iron trade in ,england4 #aag ,laboratory manipulations4 #aag ,lathe chuck499 #aah ,lathe1 screw-cutting499 #aah ,lead1 sea water and4 #aai ,moneyed men4 #abb ,mortar1 black 7#aj74 #abc ,new books and publications4 #abb ,ornaments in winter1 natural4 #aah ,papin's steam engine499 #abj ,patent decision1 a4 #aae ,patent matters in ,washington4 #aaf ,patent office annual report4 #aag ,patents1 ,american and foreign4 #abb ,patents1 official list of4 #abd ,planing mill machinery4 #aae ,posterity1 for--a suggestion4 #aab ,railroad1 the ,wetli mountain499 #aad ,rock sections for microscopy4 #aag ,roofs1 leaky slate 7#a74 #abc ,rose bushes1 soot for4 #aai ,salicylic acid for the feet4 #aae ,sawdust in rough casting4 #aad ,seed-distributing panthers4 #aaa ,self-reliance and success4 #aba ,snow a fertilizer4 #aai ,something to do4 #aba ,spectroscope prisms 7#aa74 #abc ,steam engine1 ,papin's4 #abj ,steam engine1 the ,brown4 #abj ,suicide statistics4 #aaf ,telegraph1 the speaking4 #abj ,trolling hook1 improved994 #aad ,watch1 position of a 7#ac74 #abc ,waterproofing1 suint for4 #aad ,white color in animals4 #aad ,wire1 crossing a river on a4 #aba ,wool1 purifying4 #aad ,zinc roofs 7#d74 #abc 99 99 99 99 99 ,,table ,,of ,,contents ,,of ,,the ,,scientific ,,american ,,supplement1 ,no4 #fj1 ,for the ,week ending ,february #bd1 #ahgg4 ,i4 ,,engineering ,,and ,,mechanics4--,artificial ,production of ,ice by ,steam ,power--,the ,american ,roller ,skate ,rink1 ,paris1 #a engraving4--,the ,little ,basses ,light ,house1 #d figures4--,the ,souter ,point ,electric ,light4--,on the ,minute ,measurements of ,modern ,science1 by ,,alfred ,,mayer4--,method of ,measuring by ,means of the ,micrometer ,screw furnished with the ,contact ,level2 ,method of ,electric ,contact ,applied to ,measurements with the ,micrometer ,screw1 #b engravings4--,abstracts from ,report of the ,boston ,society of ,civil ,engineers on the ,metric ,system4--,new ,turret ,musical and ,chiming ,clock for the ,bombay ,university1 with #a page of engravings4--,water ,gas and its advantages1 by ,,geo4 ,s4 ,,dwight4--,brattice ,cloths in ,mines4--,eight ,horse ,power ,portable ,steam ,engine1 with dimensions1 particulars1 and #a page of engravings4--,clyde ,ship ,building and ,marine ,engineering in #ahgf4--;,four ,masted ,ships4--,new ,bridges at and near ,new ,york city4--,the ,sutro ,tunnel4--,independent ,car ,wheels4--,passenger ,travel1 ,new ,york city4 ,,ii4--,,technology4--,design for ,iron ,stairway1 and ,iron ,grilles1 with #c engravings4--,the ,process of ,micro-photography used in the ,army ,medical ,department4--,direct ,positives for ,enlarging4--,a ,monster ,barometer4--,architectural ,science1 ,carpentry ,queries and ,replies4--,the ,carpet ,manufactures of ,philadelphia4 ,how the ,centre ,selvage is ,formed1 #c figures4--,glass of the ,ancients4--,on the ,preservation of ,meat2 a resume of the various methods now practiced4--,california ,pisciculture4--,savelle's ,system of ,distillation1 #b engravings4--,new ,bromine ,still1 by ,w4 ,,arvine1 #a engraving4--,the ,phoenix ,steam ,brewery1 ,new ,york4--,french ,cognac ,distillation1 #a engraving4--,schwartz's ,sugar ,refinery1 ,london4 ,general description of the establishment4--,vienna ,bread and ,coffee4--,how ,pictorial ,crystals are ,produced and ,exhibited4 ,,iii4 ,,lessons ,,in ,,mechanical ,,drawing4 ,new ,series4 ,by ,professor ,c4,w4 ,,maccord2 with several engravings4 ,,iv4 ,,electricity1 ,,light1 ,,heat1 ,,sound1 ,,etc4--,magnetic ,action of ,rotatory ,conductors4--,the ,sensation of ,sound4--,sympathetic ,vibration of ,pendulums4--,protection from ,lightning4--,musical ,tones1 photograph of4 ,v4 ,,medicine1 ,,hygiene1 ,,etc4--,on the ,treatment of ,typhoid ,fevers4 ,by ,,alfred ,l4 ,,loomis1 ,m4,d4--,hydrophobia ,cured by ,oxygen4--,the efficacy of ,lymph1 by ,m4 ,,hiller4--,success of ,chloral ,hydrate for ,scalds and ,burns4--,uses of ,cyanide of ,zinc4--,dr4 ,brown-,sequard on ,nerve ,disease4 ,,vi4 ,,miscellaneous4--,geological ,notes4--,a ,geological ,congress4--,the last ,polar ,expedition4--,old ,men of ,science4--,pre-glacial ,men4--,post-glacial period1 ,esthonia4--,northern ,pacific ,formations4 ,,terms3--,,scientific ,,american ,,supplement1 one year1 postpaid1 five dollars4 ,one copy of ,,scientific ,,american and one copy of ,,scientific ,,american ,,supplement1 one year1 postpaid1 seven dollars4 ,,clubs4--,one extra copy of the ,,supplement will be supplied gratis for every club of five ,,supplement subscribers at #e4jj each4 ,all the back numbers of the ,,supplement1 from the commencement1 ,january #a1 #ahgf1 can be had4 ,price #aj cents each4 ,,now ,,ready4--,the ,,scientific ,,american ,,supplement for #ahgf4 ,complete in two large volumes4 ,over #hjj quarto pages2 over #b1jjj engravings4 ,embracing ,history of the ,centennial ,exhibition4 ,new ,illustrated ,instructions in ,mechanical ,drawing4 ,many valuable papers1 etc4 ,price five dollars for the two volumes1 stitched in paper2 or six dollars and fifty cents1 handsomely bound in stiff covers4 ,remit by postal order4 ,address ,,munn ,,co41 ,,publishers1 #cg ,park ,row1 ,new ,york4 ,hand- ,single copies of any desired number of the ,,supplement sent to any address on receipt of #aj cents4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,publishers' ,,notice4 ,new subscriptions to the ,,scientific ,,american and the ,,scientific ,,american ,,supplement will1 for the present1 be entered upon our books to commence with the year1 and the back numbers will be sent to each new subscriber unless a request to the contrary accompanies the order4 ,instead of a notice being printed on the wrapper1 announcing that a subscription is about to end1 the time of expiration is now denoted in the printed address each week1 so that the subscriber may see when the period for which he has prepaid is about to expire4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dates ,,and ,,the ,,date ,,palm4 ,even those whose knowledge of the customs of the ,orient extends no further than a recollection of the contents of that time-honored story book1 the ,arabian ,nights1 are doubtless aware that1 since time immemorial1 the date has been the chief food staple of the desert-dwellers of the ,east4 ,the handful of dates and gourd of water form the typical meal and daily sustenance of millions of human beings both in ,arabia and in ,north ,africa1 and to this meager diet ethnologists have ascribed many of the peculiar characteristics of the people who live upon it4 ,buckle1 who finds in the constant consumption of rice among the ,hindoos a reason for the inclination to the prodigious and grotesque1 the depression of spirits1 and the weariness of life manifest in that nation1 likewise considers that the morbid temperament of the ,arab is a sequence of vegetarianism4 ,he points out that rice contains an unusual amount of starch1 namely1 between #hc and #he per cent2 and that dates possess precisely the same nutritious substances as rice does1 with the single difference that the starch is already converted into sugar4 ,to live1 therefore1 on such food is not to satisfy hunger2 and hunger1 like all other cravings1 even if partially satisfied1 exercises control over the imagination4 ,this biological fact1 says ,peschel1 was and still is the origin of the rigid fastings prescribed by religions so widely different1 which are made use of by ,shamans in every quarter of the world when they wish to enter into communication with invisible powers4 ,peschel and ,buckle1 however1 are at variance as to the influence of the date diet as affecting a race2 and the former remarks that1 while no one will deny that the nature of the food reacts upon the mental powers of man1 the temperament evoked by different sorts is different2 yet we are still far from having ascertained anything in regard to the permanent effects of daily food1 especially as the human stomach has1 to a great degree1 the power of accommodating itself to various food substances1 so that with use even narcotics lose much of their effect4 ,the same author also adds that the date trains up independent and warlike desert tribes1 which have not the most remote mental relationship to the rice-eating ,hindoos4 ,it remains for the reader to reconcile this disagreement of learned doctors according to his own judgment4 ,the evidence of those who subsist on the date is certainly overwhelming in its favor4 ,the ,assyrians1 tradition says1 asserted that it was such a great gift to them that its worth could not be too extravagantly told2 for they had found1 for the leaves1 the fruit1 the juices1 and the wood of the tree1 three hundred and sixty different uses4 ,the ,mohammedans adopt the date palm into their religion as an emblem of uprightness1 and say that it miraculously sprang into existence1 fully grown1 at the command of the ,prophet4 ,palm branches still enter as symbols of rejoicing into ,christian religious ceremonies2 and throughout ,palestine constant reference is found to the date and the palm in the naming of towns4 ,bethany means a house of dates4 ,ancient ,palmyra was a city of palms1 and the ,hebrew female name ,tamar is derived from the word in that language signifying palm4 ,in ,africa there is an immense tract of land between ,barbary and the great desert named ,bilidulgerid1 the land of dates1 from the profusion of the trees there growing4 ,illustration3 ,,gathering ,,dates ,,in ,,ceylon4 ,in this country1 the date as an article of food is classed with the prune1 the fig1 and the tamarind1 to be used merely as a luxury4 ,we find it coming to the markets at just about this time of year in the greatest quantities1 packed in baskets roughly made from dried palm leaves4 ,the dates1 gathered while ripe and soft1 are forced into these receptacles until almost a pasty mass1 often not over clean1 is formed4 ,their natural sugar tends to preserve them2 but after long keeping they become dry and hard4 ,this renders them unfit for use2 but they still find a sale to the itinerant vendors who1 after steaming them to render them soft 7of course at the expense of the flavor71 hawk them about the streets4 ,dates in the pasty condition are not relished by those who live on them2 nor1 on the other hand1 would we probably fancy the dried1 almost tasteless fruit which1 strung on long straws1 is carried in bunches by the ,arabs in their pouches4 ,the date palm 7phoenix dactylifera7 is the most important species of the dozen which make up its genus4 ,though slow in growth1 it shoots up a magnificent stem1 to the height sometimes of eighty feet1 the summit of which is covered with a graceful crown of pinnated leaves4 ,the trunk is exceedingly rough and spiny2 the flower spathes1 which appear in the axils of the leaves1 are woody1 and contain branched spadices with many flowers2 more than #aa1jjj have been counted on a single male spadix4 ,as the flowers are dioecious1 it is necessary to impregnate the female blossoms artificially in order to insure a good crop2 and to this end the male spadices are cut off when the pollen is ripe and carefully shaken over the female ones4 ,at from six to ten years of age1 the tree bears1 and then remains fruitful for upward of #bjj years4 ,an excellent idea of the palm in full bearing may be obtained from our illustration1 which represents the mode of gathering the dates1 of which a single tree will often yield from one to four hundredweight in a season4 ,the fruit varies much in size and quality2 and in the oases of the ,sahara forty-six varieties have been named4 ,the utilizations of the date palm and its products are very numerous4 ,the stem yields starch1 and timber for houses1 boats1 fences1 fuel1 etc41 as well as an inferior kind of sago4 ,the leaves serve as parasols and umbrellas1 and for material for roof covering1 baskets1 brushes1 mats1 and innumerable utensils4 ,at their base is a fiber1 which is spun into excellent rope4 ,when the heart of the leaf is cut1 a thick honey-like juice exudes1 which1 by fermentation1 becomes wine 7the toddy of ,india71 or vinegar1 and is also boiled down into sugar4 ,the young shoots1 when cooked1 resemble asparagus2 and the dates themselves are dried and ground into meal1 from which bread is prepared4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,panthers ,,as ,,seed ,,distributors4 ,it is well known that bees carry pollen from flower to flower1 and that eggs of marine animals are often carried long distances in the stomachs of aquatic birds4 ,a very curious instance of this kind1 showing how vegetable species may be diffused by means which no botanist1 however acute1 would be likely to think of1 is mentioned by ,mr4 ,alfred ,smee1 who states that1 attached to the skin of a panther recently shot in ,india1 were found numerous seeds1 each of which had two perfect hooks1 manifestly designed to attach themselves to foreign bodies4 ,as the panther moved about it collected the seeds on the skin and carried them about wherever it went2 but when it rubbed against the shrubs1 it of necessity brushed some off1 and thus distributed them4 ,one of the seeds produced a handsome plant1 and beautiful clusters of tubular flowers4 ,it was immediately recognized to be the ,martynia diandra--a plant which1 although introduced into ,england as far back as #agca1 has scarcely ever been cultivated1 although it has been commented on by botanists and other writers4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,for ,,posterity--,a ,,suggestion4 ,the ,irish gentleman who declined to aid an enterprise for the benefit of posterity1 remarking that posterity had never done anything for him1 was1 after all the sport made of him1 no unfair representative of the bulk of mankind4 ,there is talk enough about doing great things for the advantage of future ages1 but the real motive is apt to be something very different4 ,to perpetuate their own name or fame1 men or nations often set up lasting monuments1 and sometimes unintentionally convey thereby to after times a few more or less instructive indications of the artistic or industrial skill of their day and generation4 ,to further their own immediate ends1 or to secure some benefit to their immediate descendants1 men frequently undertake great material enterprises1 and sometimes the work so done remains for ages the source of perennial good4 ,but very rarely1 if ever1 can it be said that any work of man was undertaken solely1 or even chiefly1 for the benefit of posterity--more rarely still1 for remote posterity4 ,hence it happens that we owe far more to accident1 to fire1 rapine1 volcanic outbursts1 and the protecting care of desolation1 for the knowledge we have of times long past1 than to any intentional legacies of art or learning left us by the men of those times4 ,the lost and abandoned tools1 weapons1 and ornaments of the stone age are all that we have to tell us of the childhood of humanity4 ,had no fiery disasters ever overtaken the pile-dwellers of the ,swiss lakes1 we should probably have never heard of such a people4 ,to the mud and ashes of ,vesuvius1 rather than to the historians of the ,roman ,empire1 we owe the best of our knowledge of how ,roman cities looked and ,roman citizens lived eighteen hundred years ago4 ,in the fragments of a terra cotta library1 buried in the ruins of a royal palace1 we find almost our only records of the arts and sciences of ancient ,assyria4 ,under the ash heaps of a forgotten age1 in ,cyprus1 ,cesnola finds the only known vestiges of a primitive civilization1 reaching far back into the domain of mythology4 ,thanks to the destroyers of ,troy and ,mycen1 and the protective care of temporary oblivion1 ,schliemann is now able to verify tradition and lay before an astonished and delighted world numerous precious relics of heroic ages hitherto remembered only in song4 ,who can estimate the value of these and similar findings to us--the value of the revelations they bring of man's condition in those remote ages8 ,who can say how many or how few the ages will be ere the time comes when the antiquaries of the future will be rejoicing over equally fragmentary vestiges of the doings and possessions of our day8 ,on the other hand1 who can estimate the value of the knowledge lost beyond hope of recovery1 or the checks to human progress experienced1 in the repeated wiping out1 so to speak1 of the higher races and the civilizations they embodied8 ,and who can say that similar disasters may not come again and again to humanity8 ,suppose a pestilence peculiarly fatal to the white race should fall upon the world to-day1 crippling1 perhaps exterminating1 the now dominant civilized nations2 how long would the material elements of our science and art or general culture remain with power to enlighten the barbarous tribes that would inherit the earth8 ,human progress has more than once been set back for centuries by such natural or unnatural causes1 leaving the sites of once splendid civilizations to be overrun with barbaric hordes knowing nothing of the better times that went before4 ,suppose1 again1 that1 by one of those geologic changes so numerous in the history of our unstable globe1 the existing continents should sink a thousand feet4 ,every center of modern civilization would be submerged4 ,the great social and political organizations of humanity would be broken up1 and in the wreck of nations that would ensue very little of the glory and culture of the race could survive4 ,the earth is dotted with vestiges of lost and forgotten empires4 ,can we reasonably assume1 in the face of such facts1 that the nations of to-day are immortal8 ,the question is3 ,shall we continue to trust to chance1 as all other civilizations have1 for the preservation of the conquests we have made among the forces and secrets of nature2 or shall we do something positive for posterity1 and leave the ages to come some certain and abiding legacy of our treasures of art and learning8 ,it may be that human progress will go on and on to the end of time without a break2 that in the course of centuries mankind will surpass us in civilization1 knowledge and power1 as much as we surpass the earliest and rudest men we have yet found traces of3 maybe infinitely more4 ,in such a case1 what would not the scholars of1 say the year #ejjj ,a4,d41 or any other future age1 be willing to give for a comprehensive picture of humanity as it exists to-day--for a reasonably complete library of our literature1 science1 and art8 ,we may safely assume that nothing of the sort will be possible if matters are left to take their natural course4 ,by that time every structure1 every machine1 every book1 every work of art1 now in use or stored away in our libraries and galleries of art1 will have disappeared1 a prey to time1 the elements1 or the more destructive violence of man4 ,on the other hand1 it may be that1 through repeated disasters of one sort or another1 mankind1 three thousand years hence1 will have lost all the knowledge men ever possessed1 and be slowly struggling upward for the hundredth time from inherited barbarism4 ,in such a case1 what enormous benefits might not accrue to man from a fortunate opening up of the wealth of knowledge we possess6 ,in any supposable case between these extremes of progress or degradation1 a legacy of art and learning1 such as we might easily set apart for remote posterity1 would certainly be acceptable1 perhaps extremely useful4 ,besides1 it might be possible for us to set such a worthy example to those who shall come after us that1 come what might1 humanity would never be left absolutely void of the means of instruction1 nor any worthy human achievement be absolutely lost or forgotten4 ,the experience of these later years has demonstrated the value of such legacies even when unintentional1 unselected1 and wretchedly fragmentary4 ,it has made clear also how a legacy deliberately made may be indefinitely preserved4 ,roughly outlined1 the carrying out of such a truly philanthropic enterprise would involve nothing more difficult than-- ,first4 ,the construction of a practically indestructible treasure chamber in some secure place2 and ,second4 ,the preparation of a library well calculated to withstand the corroding tooth of time4 ,two kinds of structures would meet the first demand--massive pyramids of covered earth or of solid masonry1 or chambers hewn from the heart of some granitic hill4 ,in low latitudes1 where glacial action is not to be feared1 the pyramidal form might be preferable3 in more northern regions the rock-cut chamber would probably be at once cheaper and more durable4 ,in either case1 an elevated site should be chosen as a safeguard against submergence4 ,to secure the permanence of the records would be more difficult4 ,ordinary books and papers would clearly be unsuitable for long keeping2 though for comparatively limited periods they might answer if securely packed in airtight waterproof cases4 ,nothing liable to spontaneous decay should be admitted4 ,stereotype plates of metal would be even more open to objection than printed sheets4 ,the noble metals would be too costly1 the baser would corrode2 and with either the value of the plates as metal would be a standing danger to the deposit4 ,the material basis of the library must be1 as nearly as possible1 worthless for other uses 7to insure them against the natural greed of man71 yet such as will hold the records sharply and faithfully under all circumstances4 ,the terra cotta tablets of ancient ,assyria are instructive in this connection4 ,possibly plates of artificial stone1 or sheets of a papier-mach-like preparation of asbestos1 might be less bulky and equally durable4 ,having determined this point1 and dug from the solid rock a chamber for the reception of our legacy1 the next step would be the selection of its contents4 ,obviously the books to be preserved should embrace first of all lexicons and grammars of every known form of speech1 since it is impossible to tell which of the dialects of to-day will be the parents of the dominant tongue of any distant future time2 while we may be practically certain that some one or more of the languages of to-day will furnish a key to any language that men will ever use4 ,next in order would come encyclopdias1 the most comprehensive and complete that there might be room for4 ,the sacred books of all nations might come next2 then the works of the great poets1 historians and novelists2 after them1 the best obtainable records of art1 science1 the various industries1 and so on1 with specimens of the best and most typical of our works of art1 manufacture1 and the like4 ,the spaces between the various articles should be filled in with some insoluble and neutral substance1 to prevent corrosion1 or the infiltration of water and consequent damage to the plates4 ,then1 the entrance to the chamber being securely sealed1 permanent records should be made in many places and in various ways1 setting forth the purpose of the deposit1 its exact location1 and the nature of its contents4 ,among such records not the least valuable would be deeply cut polyglot inscriptions on natural cliffs in different parts of the world1 observation having shown that such records may remain to challenge human curiosity for ages after all other records of their time have disappeared4 ,even a single deposit of this sort might prove of enormous value to the race at some critical period of its history4 ,but the probability is that the good work would not end with one deposit4 ,from age to age this and other nations might repeat the experiment1 commemorating in this way important epochs in their history4 ,the fashion once set might easily become a permanent feature of all great national celebrations4 ,the cost would be comparatively small3 a penny contribution from each of the visitors to the ,philadelphia ,exhibition1 for example1 would have been quite sufficient to provide for a memorial of our first ,centennial year that would have carried an imperishable picture of the civilization of the day to the end of--our first millennium1 at least2 and we may safely infer that1 whatever may be the condition of the world at that not very remote epoch1 a memorial of that sort would be something worth having4 ,as we have intimated1 the custom might easily become general1 so that in the course of ages the earth would become dotted with such repositories of art and learning4 ,then1 come what might to humanity--whatever might be the ups and downs of nations--whatever moral1 social1 or intellectual advances mankind might make--whatever lapses or disasters might befall them--it could hardly happen that a knowledge of any considerable period of human history1 or the advantage of any worthy human achievement1 could ever be permanently blotted out and lost4 ,it is true that posterity has never done anything of the sort for us4 ,it is true that posterity may have no valid claim on us for such a legacy4 ,but we might venture to make posterity a present6 ,it would not cost us much1 and it might turn out to be immensely valuable and useful to some far future age4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,lost ,,arts ,,in ,,new ,,york4 ,while the objects of ancient art contained in the ,castellani collection1 recently placed on exhibition in the ,metropolitan ,museum of ,art in this city1 are individually of great rarity and archological value1 they derive additional importance from the fact that1 viewed conjunctively as a collection1 they represent connected histories of two great industrial arts extending over many centuries4 ,both in the work of the goldsmith and of the potter1 we are enabled to trace progress from the earliest stages up to a period when the greatest skill was attained1 and even subsequently into the era of decadence4 ,in both industries1 we find that ancient and medival workmen possessed knowledge which we do not possess2 and among ,signor ,castellani's treasures may be seen handiwork which is the embodiment of two lost arts1 the secrets of which the modern world1 with all its infinitely superior wisdom1 has not yet rediscovered4 ,the productions1 in the ,castellani collection1 of precious metal workers dating from prehistoric epochs1 the exact dates of which are wholly unknown1 and covering the long period ending in the thirteenth century1 are represented by the contents of some twenty cases4 ,the first three of these receptacles bear no dates4 ,the ornaments which they contain are of bronze1 amber1 silver1 and glass 7the latter having become converted into opalescent silicic acid71 and were found in ,prneste 7modern ,palestrina1 ,italy71 and in the territory which was ancient ,etruria4 ,case ,no4 #d bears date #gjj ,b4,c41 and here is a rich treasure of primitive ,etruscan and ,phoenician ornaments of gold1 adorned with granulated work4 ,signor ,castellani considers that the workmanship of these objects is so perfect that it is impossible at the present time to explain the process of execution1 and very difficult to imitate it4 ,the ornaments are of two kinds--those for ordinary use and those for funereal purposes4 ,the first are massive1 and might be worn for years without injury2 the others are extremely delicate4 ,all are made of the purest gold1 and their decoration evinces the most consummate skill and taste on the part of the artist4 ,there is1 for example1 a small flask1 shaped something like an antique wine jar1 and about five inches in height4 ,it is of beaten gold1 and is covered with a pattern intended to imitate the similarly shaped designs of variegated glass of the ,grco-,phoenician period4 ,this pattern is entirely produced by minute globules of metal soldered to the surface in tiers of zigzag or ,vandyke patterns4 ,another specimen is a strip of gold covered with granulated lines and bearing a row of birds in relief4 ,on other ornaments are exquisitely carved heads and flowers1 produced apparently by hammering on the reverse of the object1 but with a delicacy and precision of touch which is simply marvelous4 ,the closest students of this ancient handiwork are entirely at a loss to understand how the processes of melting1 soldering1 and wire drawing1 which were employed in the art1 were performed4 ,modern workmen have failed in their attempts exactly to imitate the old ornaments2 and it is certain that the secret of the mechanical agents1 whereby it was possible to separate and join pieces of gold hardly perceptible to the naked eye1 is lost4 ,signor ,castellani has taken great pains to solve the problem1 reading all the treatises of medival goldsmiths1 inquiring of all classes of ,italian jewelers1 and experimenting with all kinds of chemicals1 in the hope of finding the solder wherewith the minute grains were attached to the surface of the metal4 ,at last he found some of the old processes still employed in a remote district1 hidden in the recesses of the ,apennines1 far from the great towns4 ,bringing away a few workmen1 he gave them much more instruction1 and at last succeeded1 not perhaps in equalling1 but certainly in rivalling the ancient productions4 ,we question whether the ,etruscans used fire at all in their soldering1 as it would be almost an impossibility to keep the excessively fine tools necessary for the work at a proper heat4 ,mr4 ,joshua ,rose offers the plausible suggestion that a cold flux was employed1 with which the workman followed the lines or dots of his pattern4 ,then the gold granules were possibly sprinkled over the surface1 and adhered only to the solder1 the superfluous grains being brushed off after the solder had set4 ,there is also a fragment of a finely woven fabric1 made of threads of pure gold1 found on the body of a woman in a tomb at ,metapontum4 ,this is without doubt the material to which the ,psalmist refers in speaking of the ,king's daughter having clothing of wrought gold2 and in the ,pentateuch there is reference to gold threads being used upon looms4 ,as we follow the various objects in the twenty cases above mentioned1 the decline of the goldworker's art when the use of enamels came into vogue is evidenced4 ,continuing on to later periods1 the decadence is more marked under the successors of ,alexander4 ,in ,rome1 under the emperors1 we find gold used as a mere setting for precious stones1 and finally the collection terminates with examples of workmanship of the time of ,charlemagne1 when the workmen had lost their cunning1 and the noble metal had been altogether debased to secondary uses4 ,the second instance where a lost art is exemplified in ,signor ,castellani's collection is in the glazing of the ,gubbio majolica4 ,we have not space here to review the magnificent series of ancient specimens of pottery in detail2 and thus it will suffice to say that1 beginning with some of the earliest pieces made by the ,arabs when they occupied ,sicily1 from the twelfth to the sixteenth century1 the collection presents examples of all the finest types of later medival art4 ,gubbio1 where the peculiar kind of majolica above noted was made1 is a small town once in the territory of the dukes of ,urbino2 and in the sixteenth century it became famous for its pottery4 ,this was attributable to the talent of one man1 ,giorgio ,andreoli1 who is reputed to have invented the wonderful luster characteristic of the ,gubbio ware4 ,the body of majolica is mere common clay2 and after the piece is finished on the wheel1 it is dried and burnt in a furnace4 ,after the biscuit thus prepared has been dipped in the glaze1 the colors are applied on the soft surface of the latter1 and the vitrifying process fuses all into a glossy enamel of the color of the pigment4 ,this is still the common practice2 and we mention it merely to show that to his pigment and glaze ,andreoli must have added some third substance1 which rendered the enamel capable of reflecting white light as blue1 red1 green1 or yellow light--in other words1 of giving the object a luster of a color wholly different from the tints of the pigment4 ,he evidently could produce any desired color at will1 and the effects gained are indescribably beautiful4 ,the ,castellani collection contains #acj superb specimens1 which glow like jewels4 ,in one1 the scene of the nativity of ,christ is provided with the figures in low relief1 and the exquisite cerulean lustre is imparted to give the effect of moonlight4 ,the rarest pieces are those of which the luster is a delicate green4 ,some blaze with yellow1 as if of gold2 others exhibit the brilliancy of the ruby2 while others resemble the interior of the pearl oyster shell4 ,whether this sheen is produced by polarization of the light in some manner1 or whether it is at all analogous to fluorescence1 is yet to be decided4 ,the impression of the surface with fine microscopic lines might produce an iridescence1 but not separate and clearly defined hues4 ,the ware was intended for ornamental purposes1 not for household use2 and it was suspended against the rich1 dark tapestries of the period with which walls were covered1 thus aiding1 as it were1 in illuminating the apartment with its exquisite radiance4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,blue ,,glass ,,deception4 ,on ,september #bf1 #ahga1 ,general ,a4,j4 ,pleasonton1 of ,philadelphia1 ,pa41 obtained a patent for utilizing the natural light of the sun transmitted through clear glass1 and the blue or electric767 solar rays transmitted through blue1 purple1 or violet colored glass1 or its equivalent1 in the propagation and growth of plants and animals4 ,in his specification1 of which the above constitutes one claim1 he states that he has discovered special and specific efficacy in the use of this combination of the caloric rays of the sun and the electric blue light in stimulating the glands of the body1 the nervous system generally1 and the secretive organs of man and animals4 ,he also states that he finds that vegetation is vastly improved by the transmitted blue light4 ,these alleged re-discoveries--for the ,general only claims to have devised the method of utilizing them--were extensively promulgated through the press early in #ahga4 ,subsequently1 in #ahgf1 ,general ,pleasonton published a book on the subject1 the volume being appropriately bound in blue and printed in blue ink4 ,recently public attention has again been called to the subject by a ,new ,york daily journal4 ,the peculiar kind of glass in question is known as pot metal blue1 that is1 it is stained a bluish violet throughout1 and is not clear glass covered with flashings of blue glass4 ,it is used in greenhouses1 etc41 in connection with clear glass2 and in ,general ,pleasonton's grapery it appears that only every eighth row of panes was blue4 ,some of the results alleged to have been obtained by exposing animals and plants are as follows3 ,twenty grape vines1 in their second year1 after being set out under the blue glass1 bore #a1bjj lbs4 of splendid fruit4 ,a very weak ,alderney bull calf was in four months developed into a strong and vigorous bull4 ,heifers when kept under blue glass may safely bear young when #ah months old4 ,a weak child1 weighing but #c lbs4 at birth1 weighed at the end of four months #bb lbs4--the light in this instance having come through blue curtains4 ,two major-generals with rheumatism were cured in three days4 ,a young lady whose hair had come out regained her tresses2 and to these must be added various other cures of severe ailments which we have not space here to recapitulate4 ,the above are the alleged facts2 and we propose to consider the supposed discovery in the light of previous investigations4 ,with reference to the theories of electricity1 etc41 advanced by ,general ,pleasonton to account for his phenomena1 their absurdity is so complete that we shall waste no time over them4 ,the important question in the matter1 and the only one in which the public is interested1 is whether or not blue glass is capable of producing all or any of the results imputed to its use4 ,in order to clear the way for the examination of the investigations1 the records of which we have carefully collected1 let us consider first those which ,general ,pleasonton quotes in support of his views4 ,these are 7#a7 ,seunebier's researches1 which go to show that the blue and violet rays are the most active in determining the decomposition of carbonic acid in plants1 and 7#b7 experiments of ,dr4 ,morichini1 repeated by ,carpa and ,ridolfi1 proving that violet rays magnetized a small needle4 ,the first statement has been totally disproved4 ,dr4 ,von ,bezold1 in his recent work on color1 states that the chemical processes in plants1 as far as they are dependent upon light1 are principally caused by the rays of medium and of lower refrangibility4 ,the development of the green color of the chlorophyll1 the decomposition of carbonic acid1 as well as the formation of starch1 etc41 in the grains of the chlorophyll1 are induced by the red1 green1 and orange rays4 ,the blue1 violet1 and ultra violet rays1 the same authority goes onto explain1 influence the rapidity of growth1 compel the so-called zospores to move in certain directions1 and alter the positions of leaves1 etc4 ,in confirmation of this1 we have ,sach's experiments in #ahgb1 which show that light1 transmitted through the yellow solution of potassium chromate1 enables green leaves to decompose over #hh per cent4 of carbonic acid2 while that passed through blue ammonia copper oxide decomposes less than #h per cent4 ,this proves the superiority of the yellow ray to decompose carbonic acid2 and this fact ,professor ,j4,w4 ,draper discovered a long time ago by the direct use of the spectrum4 ,in still further confirmation1 we may cite the investigations of ,vogel1 ,pfeiffer1 ,selim1 and ,placentim4 ,the last three have conducted researches in full knowledge of those of ,general ,pleasonton1 and their experiments show that yellow rays are more promotive of the evolution of carbon in animals and its absorption in plants than any others in the spectrum1 the violet rays having least power in these respects1 with the exception of the red rays in the case of animals4 ,the absorption of carbonic acid by plants1 and its evolution by animals1 we hardly need add1 are prime essentials to the growth and health of each4 ,the notion that light possesses a magnetizing power on steel was upset by ,niepce de ,st4 ,victor in #ahfa4 ,after removing every source of error1 he found it impossible to make one sewing needle1 solarized for a very long time under the rays of light concentrated by a strong lens1 attract another suspended by a hair1 whether the light was white or colored by being made to pass through a violet-colored glass4 ,we can proceed further and even show that violet light is in some respects hurtful to plants4 ,cailletet1 for example1 says in #ahfh that light which was passed through a solution of iodine in carbonic disulphide prevents decomposition altogether4 ,baudrimont says that no colored light permits vegetables to go through all the phases of their evolutions4 ,violet-colored light is positively injurious to plants2 they absolutely require white light4 ,this scientist instituted the most elaborate experiments on the subject1 ranging over #aa years1 from #ahej to #ahfa2 and the result of all his labor may be summed up in the simple statement that no illumination which human ingenuity can devise is so well adapted for promoting natural processes as the pure white light provided by the ,creator4 ,so much by way of general denial of the claims of superior efficacy residing in blue light of any kind4 ,now we have yet to examine the peculiar variety of blue light here used4 ,sunlight can1 by means of the prism1 be split into colored rays1 any one of which we may isolate1 and so obtain a certain colored light4 ,similarly we may obtain light of a desired color by the use of a colored glass which will stop out the rays not of the hue required4 ,so that we may obtain violet light from the spectrum or by filtering sunlight through violet glass4 ,when1 however1 ,dr4 ,von ,bezold1 as above1 asserts that the violet rays have such and such an effect1 he means the violet of the spectrum1 which has its specific duty to perform in the compound light of which it is a necessary portion4 ,but the violet light of the spectrum and filtered violet sunlight are altogether different things4 ,the first1 as our valued contributor ,dr4 ,van der ,weyde has very clearly pointed out1 is a homogeneous color containing1 besides the luminous1 the invisible chemical rays without any caloric rays2 while the light colored by passing through violet glass is a mixture of blue rays with the red rays at the other end of the spectrum2 and it contains a quantity of the chemical rays belonging to the blue and the caloric rays belonging to the red4 ,in fact1 violet glass passes a light identical with sunlight1 only much reduced in power1 containing but a portion of its caloric1 chemical1 and luminous agency3 being simply deprived of its strongest rays4 ,and this the spectroscope has clearly demonstrated4 ,reduced to its simplest terms1 then1 the necessary conclusion is that the violet glass acts purely as a shade for decreasing the intensity of the solar light4 ,and in the simple fact that it does so serve as a shade lies the sole virtue 7if any there be7 of the glass4 ,in #ahef1 ,dr4 ,daubeny made experiments on the germination of seeds1 and in his report is this suggestive sentence3 ,in a south aspect1 indeed1 light which had passed through the ammonia sulphate of copper 7blue solution71 and even darkness itself1 seemed more favorable than the whole of the spectrum2 but this law did not seem to extend to the case of seeds placed in a northern aspect where the total amount of light was less considerable4 ,in our next issue1 we shall review the effects of light and darkness upon the animal organization1 and endeavor to account for the curing of diseases and the production of other phenomena which have been erroneously ascribed to the influence of the blue filtered sunlight4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,wetli ,,mountain ,,railroad ,,and ,,its ,,disastrous ,,trial ,,trip4 ,among the various means proposed of late years for building lines of railroad on the steep slopes of mountains1 that of ,m4 ,wetli1 of ,zurich1 ,switzerland1 has attracted considerable attention from ,european engineers4 ,we have already laid before our readers the system of central toothed rails used on the ,righi and other mountain roads in ,europe4 ,in the ,wetli system1 instead of this rail and the pinion on the vehicle engaging it1 there is a drum having a helicoidal thread which engages with triangular rails4 ,this drum is attached to the locomotive4 ,the construction will be readily understood from the illustrations given herewith1 which we take from ,la ,nature4 ,the thread on the drum is precisely that which would be formed could a rail similar to one of the central angular rails be wrapped around it2 so that it always is in contact with the mid rails1 and necessarily prevents any bodily sliding or rolling of the vehicles over the regular track when the drum is held motionless4 ,the ,v-shaped mid rails are securely fastened to horizontal iron ties1 which rest on wooden traverses4 ,the angle of the ,v is #ej2 the distance between any two traverses is #b4h feet4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4--,,the ,,wetli ,,mountain ,,railroad4 ,the locomotive has three coupled axles1 on the mid one of which the drum is attached so as to be raised or lowered to engage the rails at the will of the engineer3 it being possible to cause it to act on the rails with a pressure of #c4g tons4 ,the diameter of the drum is #b4ad feet4 ,its spiral thread is of steel1 very solidly attached1 and so made as to grip the rails to a distance of #j4f inch below the level of the track4 ,in order to insure this contact1 on the drum axle are two pulleys which run on the exterior road1 and of which the diameter determines the depth of the hold of the threads4 ,these pulleys are #cd4g inches in diameter1 while the driving wheels are very slightly in excess1 to provide for the use of tyres4 ,m4 ,wetli's invention1 as we have described it1 was placed between ,woedensweil and ,einsiedlen1 ,switzerland4 ,the difference in altitude between these points is #a1eac feet1 the distance #i4f miles4 ,the grade is from #d to #e per cent over the first six miles of the way1 and subsequently decreases to #a per cent4 ,the ,wetli railroad was established last ,october only on the heavy grade1 that is1 the first six miles4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,early in ,november1 trial trips were made which did not prove satisfactory4 ,sometimes the drum thread gripped the triangular rails properly and acted well2 again it would wedge itself upon them1 and often would simply roll over their tops without engaging at all4 ,after the first trials1 during which very many of the rails were broken1 ,m4 ,welti re-adjusted the drum thread4 ,finally1 he concluded that he had overcome all difficulties in his apparatus2 and accordingly a formal trial was arranged on ,november #cj4 ,for about four and a half miles of the ascent the drum worked well2 and the hoarfrost1 with which the rails were thickly covered1 showed good contact4 ,afterward it worked irregularly2 but the station of ,schindelleghi1 a distance of five miles1 was reached without accident1 the locomotive dragging a car loaded with #bj tons of rails4 ,it was then attempted to make the descent by the aid of the helicoidal drum2 but this jumped the rails1 and broke them almost immediately4 ,by the aid of back pressure of steam and brakes1 the locomotive was stopped4 ,then1 unfortunately1 the engine was started again2 but hardly had the descent been resumed when it was evident that the drum was not holding1 and that the speed was accelerating rapidly4 ,brakes and steam were both found useless1 and the engine went tearing over the rails at the rate of a mile a minute4 ,of the fourteen persons in the vehicles1 three were thrown out and killed1 and the rest were more or less seriously injured4 ,the heavily loaded car left the track1 and tore up both central and side rails until its coupling broke4 ,the engineer1 with great intrepidity1 clung to his engine1 coolly giving signals to open switches so that the locomotive might run upon the level track and so expend its momentum2 but the engine left the rails at a sharp curve1 destroyed the track for about a hundred feet1 and finally stopped a mass of ruins1 with its brave engineer mortally wounded4 ,whether the ,wetli system can be made to work as intended by the inventor is regarded as doubtful by the engineers who have examined into the causes of the disaster4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,leghorn ,,hens4 ,if a man keeps ,leghorns he must have no garden1 or he must cover the top of his hen yards4 ,that ,leghorns are great layers and active hens1 there can be no denying1 but they are great flyers4 ,we have built our yard a lath and a half high1 says the ,poultry ,review1 but what do these saucy things care for that8 ,although they have the whole outside world to range in1 yet the garden seems to have a greater attraction than all the rest4 ,the other day we found it necessary to feed a weak chicken in the garden by itself1 so that it might be sure of its share4 ,a few minutes afterwards1 on looking out of the window1 we discovered the weak chicken in the henyard and two ,leghorn hens finishing up its food4 ,we went out1 but the two robbers had fled4 ,going around the corner1 we found them rolling in a flower bed4 ,a ,leghorn will do as much mischief in a garden in five minutes as anything we know of4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sawdust ,,in ,,rough ,,casting4 ,siehr recommends very highly the use of sawdust in mortar as superior even to hair for the prevention of cracking and subsequent peeling off of rough casting under the action of storms and frost4 ,his own house1 exposed to prolonged storms on the seacoast1 had patches of mortar to be renewed each spring1 and after trying without effect a number of substances to prevent it1 he found sawdust perfectly satisfactory4 ,it was first thoroughly dried and sifted through an ordinary grain sieve to remove the larger particles4 ,the mortar was made by mixing #a part cement1 #b lime1 #b sawdust1 and #e sharp sand1 the sawdust being first well mixed dry with the cement and sand4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,suint ,,for ,,waterproofing ,,fabrics4--,a ,german chemist has patented the waterproofing of finely woven fabrics1 linen1 cotton1 etc41 by means of suint composition4 ,he adapts his method to securing the suint to wool-washing establishments at a small cost4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,absence ,,of ,,white ,,color ,,in ,,animals4 ,some very curious physiological facts bearing upon the presence or absence of white colors in the higher animals have lately been adduced by ,dr4 ,ogle4 ,it has been found that a colored or dark pigment in the olfactory region of the nostrils is essential to perfect smell1 and this pigment is rarely deficient except when the whole animal is pure white4 ,in these cases the creature is almost without smell or taste4 ,this1 ,dr4 ,ogle believes1 explains the curious case of the pigs in ,virginia adduced by ,mr4 ,darwin1 white pigs being poisoned by a poisonous root which does not affect black pigs4 ,mr4 ,darwin imputed this to a constitutional difference accompanying the dark color1 which rendered what was poisonous to the white colored animals quite innocuous to the black4 ,dr4 ,ogle1 however1 observes that there is no proof that the black pigs eat the root1 and he believes the more probable explanation to be that it is distasteful to them1 while the white pigs1 being deficient in smell and taste1 eat it1 and are killed4 ,analogous facts occur in several distinct families4 ,white sheep are killed in the ,tarentino by eating hypericum criscum1 while black sheep escape2 white rhinoceros are said to perish from eating euphorbia candelabrum2 and white horses are said to suffer from poisonous food where colored ones escape4 ,now it is very improbable that a constitutional immunity from poisoning by so many distinct plants should1 in the case of such widely different animals1 be always correlated with the same difference of color2 but the facts are readily understood if the senses of smell and taste are dependent on the presence of a pigment which is deficient in wholly white animals4 ,the explanation has1 however1 been carried a step further by experiments showing that the absorption of odors by dead matter1 such as clothing1 is greatly affected by color1 black being the most powerful absorbent1 then blue1 red1 yellow1 and lastly white4 ,we have here a physical cause for the sense-inferiority of totally white animals which may account for their rarity in nature4 ,for few1 if any1 wild animals are wholly white4 ,the head1 the face1 or at least the muzzle or the nose1 are generally black4 ,the ears and eyes are also often black2 and there is reason to believe that dark pigment is essential to good hearing1 as it certainly is to perfect vision4 ,we can therefore understand why white cats with blue eyes are so often deaf--a peculiarity we notice more readily than their deficiency of smell or taste4--,dr4 ,wallace1 ,british ,association1 #ahgf4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,improved ,,trolling ,,hook4 ,mr4 ,henry ,c4 ,brush1 of ,brush's ,mills1 ,n4,y41 has patented through the ,scientific ,american ,patent ,agency an improved troller1 the novel feature in which consists in attaching a float to the shank of the implement under the revolving blade1 the object being to keep the troller near the surface of the water1 where the fish may see it more readily1 and whereby the liability of catching in weeds and logs is obviated4 ,illustration ,a is a float1 attached to the shank1 a1 of the troller4 ,b is the spoon1 which is swiveled in the usual manner4 ,the device is very simple1 and is claimed to prevent all the annoyance arising from the hook catching in sunken obstructions4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,purification ,,of ,,wool ,,and ,,woolen ,,stuff4 ,the process1 patented some time ago1 for the removal of straw1 burrs1 etc41 from wool1 by treatment with sulphuric acid1 has been modified by ,lisc as follows3 ,the stuff is worked for one to two hours in a bath consisting of about #bf gallons sulphuric acid1 of #c to #f1 #a lb4 alum1 lb4 salt1 and #gej grains borax4 ,it is then treated in a centrifugal machine1 and afterward subjected to a temperature of #bab to #bdh4 ,for removal of the acid it is first washed with pure water for #a hours1 then treated for two hours with fuller's earth1 soda1 and lime1 and finally washed for two hours with fresh water4 ,as sulphuric acid can only be employed with uncolored cloths1 or such as have been dyed with indigo1 chloride of zinc and chloride of manganese diluted to #f are substituted with fabrics otherwise dyed4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,caffeone4 ,caffeone1 the aromatic principle of coffee1 may be isolated by distilling #e or #f lbs4 roasted coffee with water1 agitating the aqueous distillate with ether1 and afterwards evaporating the ether4 ,it is a brown oil1 heavier than water1 in which it is only very slightly soluble4 ,an almost imponderable quantity of this essential oil will suffice to aromatize a gallon of water4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,hemi-,,plunger4 ,the novel form of vessel1 to which the above odd name has been given by its inventor1 ,m4 ,donato ,tommasi1 of ,paris1 ,france1 is a combination of a boat wholly submerged with a raft3 a connecting link1 to borrow the naturalist's expression1 between the submerged torpedo boat and the monitor4 ,the advantages which are expected to be realized from this hybrid craft1 the inventor describes as follows3 ,it is evident that a vessel1 plunged several yards below the surface of the sea1 is no longer influenced by wind or wave4 ,let the sea be agitated1 let there be the most violent tempest1 yet the boat which navigates under water will never be wrecked1 for the same reason that a fish cannot be drowned4 99 99 99 ,what a beautiful vision1 that of traversing the ocean1 as a balloon floats through the air1 with the same tranquillity1 without shocks1 without the insupportable rolling and pitching6 etc4 ,the construction of the invention introduced in this glowing manner will be understood from ,figs4 #a and #b4 ,a is the plunger cylinder1 shown with its side broken away in ,fig4 #b4 ,in ,fig4 #a1 ,g is the rudder1 ,h the propeller1 and ,i the tube through which sea water passes to the pump4 ,in ,fig4 #b1 ,c is the smokestack1 ,m ,m are compartments in which water may be admitted to increase the weight1 and hence the depth of flotation of the plunger1 the same being filled or emptied by the pump1 ,p4 ,n is the hold for merchandise1 partitioned off from the boiler room as shown4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4--,,tommasi',s ,,hemi-,,plunger ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4--,,the ,,hemi-,,plunger1 ,,the ,,submerged ,,portion ,from the plunger1 ,a1 rise two hollow columns1 ,e1 to which metallic plates1 ,f1 are attached to diminish friction through the water4 ,these support the upper division or platform1 ,b4 ,the second shaft 7not lettered71 which rises above the platform in ,fig4 #a1 serves to ventilate the plunger4 ,the columns1 ,e1 serve as shoots down which merchandise is lowered to the compartments1 ,n2 and their upper ends are received in two immense inverted cups attached to the bottom of the part1 ,b4 ,through these cups pass large screws1 which confine the columns so that1 by removing the connection1 the whole submarine apparatus may in case of necessity be freed from the upper works4 ,on each side of the platform1 ,b1 which is of elliptical figure1 is a large float1 seen in ,fig4 #c1 which1 by means of racks and gearing1 may be raised or lowered at will4 ,usually these floats are carried at a height of a yard above the water4 ,in calm weather1 this distance is increased1 and in storms it is diminished1 the object of the floats being to keep the whole vessel on an even plane1 and to prevent too violent oscillations4 ,in order to facilitate navigation in shallow water1 the columns1 ,e1 may be made telescopic1 and operated by hydraulic apparatus1 so that they may be shortened at will4 ,any form of engine or propeller may be used4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #c4--,,the ,,hemi-,,plunger ,,on ,a ,,voyage ,besides the advantage of the vessel being unaffected by waves1 since its submerged portion travels far below them1 the inventor claims that it will meet less resistance from the water than would a vessel of corresponding volume sailing on the surface4 ,it will make faster progress1 because it has no waves to mount and descend2 and hence it always travels in a nearly right line4 ,the screw being submerged at a great depth will not tend to turn the vessel from her straight path4 ,the platform being easily detachable may serve as a raft in case of injury to the submarine boat4 ,for fast travel1 on lakes1 rivers1 and shallow water generally1 ,m4 ,tommasi proposes to support his platform on two floats which rest on the surface of the water4 ,no weight1 therefore1 is thrown on the submarine vessel1 which need be constructed with only just enough buoyancy to sustain itself and its engine4 ,in this way1 the upper craft has no engine or other load than its cargo2 and as it merely rests upon the surface1 the inventor thinks that it will skim over the same like an ice boat on ice4 ,for war purposes1 the hemi-plunger is especially adapted1 because the vulnerable portions1 engines1 boiler1 rudder1 etc41 are wholly out of the reach of shot4 ,guns are mounted on the platform1 which thus becomes a circular or elliptical turret1 just above the water when the vessel is in fighting trim4 ,instead of steel armor1 ,m4 ,tommasi has a new invention which he calls hydro-metallic plating4 ,he reserves the details of this for future publication2 but generally the armor consists of tubes in which liquid is forced under a pressure equivalent to the resistance1 say1 of forged steel4 ,he thinks this will oppose shot as effectually as the solid metal1 and will have the additional advantage of superior lightness4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,in-,,soles saturated with salicylic acid have been introduced as a remedy for perspiration of the feet4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,supreme ,,court ,,patent ,,decision4 ,a ,united ,states patent was granted ,may #bc1 #ahed1 to ,john ,myers and ,robert ,g4 ,eunson for a wood-sawing machine for cutting boards into thin stuff for making picture frame and mirror backs4 ,one of the principal claims was for the employment of two deflecting plates1 one on each side of the circular saw1 by which both sides of the sawed stuff1 as fast as it was cut1 was slightly deflected so as not to bind upon the saw4 ,suit was brought by the patentee against ,dunbar and ,hopper for infringement1 and judgment was given in favor of the patentees1 in the ,united ,states ,circuit ,court1 this city1 the damages awarded being #i1aba4 ,the defendants thereupon took an appeal to the ,supreme ,court of the ,united ,states1 which tribunal has reversed the finding of the ,circuit ,court and dismissed the complaint4 ,it was held by the ,supreme ,court that1 inasmuch as the use of a single deflecting plate was old1 well known1 and in common use1 it was simply an exercise of ordinary mechanical skill1 and not a patentable invention1 to employ a second deflecting plate1 although the superiority of the double deflectors1 for certain kinds of work1 appears to be conceded4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,planing ,,mill ,,machinery4 ,the planing machine1 next to the saw1 is perhaps the most important agent for the conversion and manipulation of wood in use2 and before proceeding to consider it1 in its present form1 says the author of this article1 ,mr4 ,f4,h4 ,morse1 in the ,northwestern ,lumberman1 it may not be out of place to notice briefly its origin and history4 ,the first man to employ power in the operation of smoothing the surface of wood was ,sir ,samuel ,bentham1 of ,london1 ,england1 and to him belongs the honor of having discovered the principle upon which all planing machines operate4 ,a brief personal notice of this remarkable inventor will serve to show under what circumstances the planing machine originated4 ,his education was secured at the ,westminster school of ,london1 and1 as far as can be ascertained from the meager records of his life that have come down to us1 was of the most thorough kind1 both classical and scientific1 that could be obtained at that time 7#aggj74 ,when his education was finished1 he was bound to the master shipwright of the ,woolwich dockyard1 to whom he served an apprenticeship of seven years1 acquiring in that time a practical knowledge of the methods of working in both wood and iron then in vogue1 and receiving the best scientific instruction that the development of that period afforded4 ,after his term of apprenticeship had expired1 he spent about two years in looking up the local peculiarities of other shipyards whose methods of working differed in some respects from those of the ,woolwich mechanics4 ,in #aggi he was ordered by the government to examine into the progress of shipbuilding in ,northern ,europe1 and in carrying out this commission he repaired to ,russia1 where he invented the first machine for planing wood4 ,its mode of operation1 whether reciprocating or rotating1 it is impossible to ascertain positively1 but the conclusion arrived at1 after referring to the specifications of his first patent1 which was issued in #agia1 is that it worked upon the former principle by means closely analogous to the operation of planing by hand4 ,he seems to have made no use of his venture in ,russia1 though he resided there several years and filled several important positions under the ,russian ,government4 ,he returned to his native country in #agia and joined his brother1 ,jeremy ,bentham1 who had at that time just received an appointment from the government to introduce industrial prisons in ,england4 ,to utilize the unskilled labor of the convicts1 the talents of ,sir ,samuel were called into use1 and he devised a number of new machines1 the greater part of which were for working wood4 ,for want of a more suitable place1 these machines were constructed at the residence of ,jeremy ,bentham1 which was thus converted into the first manufactory for woodworking machines4 ,this factory was established in #agid1 but was soon found to be too small for the purpose1 and another building was occupied4 ,in a lecture before the ,society of ,arts1 in #ahec1 ,professor ,willis1 referring to the shops of the ,benthams1 stated that there were constructed machines for all general operations in woodwork1 including planing1 molding1 rebating1 grooving1 mortising1 and sawing1 both in coarse and fine work1 in curved1 winding1 and transverse directions1 and shaping wood in complicated forms2 and further1 as an example1 that all parts of a highly finished window sash are prepared1 also all parts of an ornamented carriage wheel were made so that nothing remained to be done by hand but to put the component parts together4 ,in #agig the ,admiralty consented to the introduction of such of these machines as could be used to advantage in the different dockyards1 and they were manufactured under the direction of ,jeremy ,bentham1 and forwarded from time to time to ,portsmouth and ,plymouth1 where they were used with good results1 performing all that was claimed for them4 ,bentham was joined in #ahaj by another genius 7formerly in the employ of the brothers7 by the name of ,brunel1 who had invented several valuable machines1 among which was one for shaping block shells1 which seems to have had ,bentham's indorsement4 ,as ,inspector ,general1 in #ahjc1 ,sir ,samuel advised the ,admiralty to introduce many of his new machines1 and also to permit the use of steam engines2 accordingly1 the dockyards were fitted with engines for sawing1 planing1 boring1 tenoning1 mortising1 etc4 ,the labor saved by their use can be inferred from the fact that ,brunel1 who had assisted in their construction1 received as a premium for his inventions the amount saved in the yards by their use in one year1 which reached the respectable sum of #hj1jjj4 ,in the same year the government settled with ,jeremy ,bentham1 after arbitration1 and allowed him for machines furnished the yards and prisons1 #ajj1jjj4 ,we learn from testimony given before the arbitrators that ,sir ,samuel ,bentham prepared a system of machinery for the employment of men without skill1 and particularly with a view to utilizing convict labor4 ,in #agic patents were taken out on these inventions to secure their exclusive use for the prisons4 ,the testimony states that no skill was required in the use of these machines2 they were introduced into the dockyards and worked by common laborers4 ,it was claimed that nine tenths of the labor was saved by the use of ,bentham's machines1 which proves that they were at least effective1 which cannot be said in all cases of those of modern manufacture4 ,the patent of ,bentham1 issued in #agic1 is doubtless one of the most remarkable ones ever issued1 both for the importance of the inventions it protected and the clearness with which they and the principles on which they operated are described4 ,richards1 in referring to that section of this patent which relates to rotary tools for woodcutting1 quotes the inventor as saying3 ,the idea of adapting the rotative motion of a tool with more or less advantage1 to give all sorts of substances any shape that may be required1 is my own1 and1 as ,i believe1 entirely new4 ,for those not skilled in nor acquainted with the nature and extent of the various operations in wood conversion which come under the head of shaping with rotary cutters1 it will be difficult to convey an idea of the invention here set forth2 it includes1 indeed1 nearly all operations in woodworking1 and as an original invention may be said to consist in the discovery of the fact that flat surfaces1 or surfaces of any contour1 can be properly prepared by the action of rotating tools4 ,it is not to be wondered at that such an operation should not have been sooner discovered1 for even at the present time there are few processes in treating material which seem so anomalous as that of planing a flat surface with cutters revolving in a circle of a few inches in diameter4 ,in reference to planing mouldings1 it is said3 ,if the circumference of a circular cutter be formed in the shape of any moulding1 and projecting above the bench no more than necessary1 the piece being shoved over the cutter will thus be cut to a moulding corresponding to the cutter--that is1 the reverse of it1 just as a plane iron cuts the reverse4 ,if a plane cutter1 such as that above spoken of for cutting a groove in the breadth of a piece1 be made so thick1 or1 as we might be apt to say now1 so broad1 or so long1 as to cover the whole breadth of the piece1 it will present the idea of a roller4 ,this ,i call a cutting roller2 it maybe employed in many cases with great advantage to perform the office of a plane4 ,the cutting roller of ,bentham is the present cutter block of ,england1 or the cutting cylinder of ,america1 and after what has been quoted it may be seen that the idea of rotary planing and moulding machines had been fully grasped by ,bentham4 ,he goes on as usual to the various conditions which attach to the process of planing1 and says further3 if a cutting roller of this sort be placed with its axis horizontal and the bench beneath1 it may be made to rise and lower4 ,the bench 7machine7 may be very readily adjusted1 so as to determine the thickness to which a piece will be reduced by being passed under the roller4 ,to gain time1 cutters may be applied to different sides of a piece at once1 and such of them as make parallel cuts may be mounted on the same spindle4 ,these extracts would not be out of place in an explanatory lecture or essay on woodcutting at the present day1 and cannot help awakening surprise that they should have been written eighty-three years ago1 when there had1 so far as we know1 been no precedents1 nor even suggestions from previous practice4 ,the foregoing shows that nearly all the fundamental principles1 upon which woodcutting by machinery in its present development depends1 were familiar to ,sir ,samuel ,bentham1 and though his name has been almost forgotten1 it may be safely asserted that he gave to the world more useful inventions than any other man of his age4 ,his work shows throughout a constant method and system of reasoning1 which point rather to a life of persistent labor than to one of what would ordinarily be called genius4 ,that latter quality he must certainly have possessed in the highest degree1 for without it even his knowledge and experience could not have been equal to the work he accomplished4 ,directed to different ends1 his talent and genius would doubtless have secured for him a fame that would live for years1 though it does not seem possible that he could have conferred upon the world a greater benefit4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,suicide ,,statistics4 ,a curious and suggestive table of statistics has recently appeared in ,france1 which will doubtless prove of much value in the hands of students of psychology and nervous mental ailments4 ,it relates to suicides2 and the conditions1 etc41 of the people who made away with themselves in #ahgd in ,france are taken as the basis of the figures4 ,in that year1 #e1fag suicides occurred1 the largest number ever known in any one year in the country4 ,of these1 #d1dce1 or #gi per cent41 were committed by men1 #a1ahb1 or #ba per cent41 by women4 ,in spite of the careful investigations of the police1 the ages of #aje people could be determined4 ,the #e1eab others are divided as follows3 #af years1 #bi2 between #af and #ba years1 #aic2 between #ba and #dj years1 #a1dgg2 between #dj and #fj years1 #b1bad2 exceeding the last mentioned age1 #a1eii4 ,about #cf per cent4 of these unfortunates were unmarried1 #dh per cent4 married1 and #af per cent4 widowers4 ,of those which constituted the last two classes1 nearly two thirds had children4 ,more than seven tenths of the suicides were effected by strangulation or drowning4 ,the crime was most frequently committed during spring1 when #ca per cent4 of the whole number destroyed themselves2 during other seasons the percentages were3 in summer1 #bg2 in winter1 #bc2 in autumn1 #ai4 ,included in the tables are the results of the judicial inquests1 showing the professions and callings of the deceased4 ,about #cc per cent4 were farmers1 #cj per cent4 mechanics1 #d per cent4 merchants or business men1 #af per cent4 members of the liberal professions1 #d per cent4 servants1 and #ac percent4 were destitute of any calling4 ,the table even analyzes1 in all but #dha people1 the motives which caused the fatal act4 ,thus we are told that #feb killed themselves because of reverses in fortune1 #gja through family troubles1 #egb through drunkenness1 #bdc through love1 debauchery1 etc42 #gih died to avoid physical suffering1 #ei to avoid the penalties of capital crimes1 #dhi for unclassified troubles1 and #a1fbb were clearly shown to have been afflicted with some mental disease4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,communications4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,frost ,,plant ,,of ,,russia4 ,to the ,editor of the ,scientific ,american3 ,mr4 ,charles ,williams1 of ,winoa1 ,ohio1 has written a letter to that veteran botanist1 ,humphrey ,marshall1 of ,chester county1 ,pa41 on the subject of the abovenamed plant1 and my opinion concerning it has been asked for4 ,seeds of this plant were obtained by citizens of ,boston1 who had snow brought from the ,white ,mountains and from the coast of ,labrador1 and who stated that they have now the most unbounded satisfaction and pleasure of announcing that all signs are favorable to the realization of their fondest hopes4 ,this wonderful plant1 it seems1 was found amid the perpetual snows of the northern boundaries of ,siberia1 in #ahfc1 by ,count ,swinoskoff1 the eminent ,russian botanist1 and it was by him cultivated at ,st4 ,petersburgh4 ,the account sent me is very vague1 and is evidently not from the pen of a botanist4 ,it is stated that it comes forth on the first day of the year1 grows to the height of three feet1 and flowers on the third day4 ,it continues in bloom for twenty-four hours1 then dissolves itself1 being of the finest snow2 it has a stalk one inch in diameter1 and leaves1 three in number1 #a inches wide1 covered with infinitesimal frost or snow cones4 ,the flower is of the shape of a star1 with petals #c inches long and inch wide at the broadest part1 forming a basketwork of frost4 ,the seeds are like a pin's head4 ,this is about all that can be gleaned from the description1 and is by no means satisfactory4 ,allow me to present my humble views of an analogous discovery of frostwork on ,december #f1 #ahef1 in a sandy loam in ,chester county1 ,pa41 near the ,paoli monument4 ,in the ,horticultural ,journal of ,philadelphia1 then edited by ,j4 ,jay ,smith 7,new ,series1 volume vii41 page #gc1 #aheg71 an account was published of my observations then4 ,these ,i have since more fully confirmed4 ,the common dittany 7cunila ,mariana7 is frequently met with in ,december1 with the base of the stem surrounded with shellwork of ice1 of a pearly whiteness4 ,dr4 ,darlington1 in his ,flora ,cestrica published in #ahec1 page #aii1 under the article cunila1 observes3 ,in the beginning of winter1 after a rain1 very curious ribbons of ice may be observed1 attached to the base of the stems1 produced1 ,i presume1 by the moisture of the earth rising in the dead stems by capillary attraction1 and then being gradually forced out horizontally1 through a slit1 by the process of freezing4 ,the same phenomenon has been observed in other plants4 ,see observations on helianthemum1 page #bg4 ,had the doctor given a more extended investigation1 ,i fancy he would have agreed with me as to the cause4 ,i found hundreds of diversified specimens4 ,i am not aware that it was after a rain1 but ,i took up a number of the plants1 and always found a vigorous scaly root bud1 undergoing development at this early season under ground1 to produce a new stem the following spring4 ,i came to the conclusion that1 as the temperature was below freezing and snow was on the ground1 the expanding bud1 in close proximity to the surface1 gave out sufficient caloric or warmth to generate vapor from the moist soil4 ,this vapor rising around the stem of the plant1 and attracted by it1 becomes congealed into what we term hoar-frost1 in numerous forms2 some like shellwork1 others like tulips1 with radiated petals1 variously contorted1 and often as symmetrical as snowflake crystals4 ,illustration3 ,root-bud and frost-flower of the ,cunila ,mariana 7,maryland ,dittany74 ,a1 the developing or budding root4 ,b1 the old stem of the previous year4 ,c1 the congealed vapor or hoarfrost1 forming the first flower of various shapes4 ,that plants in germinating have the power of generating heat was proved by ,mr4 ,hunter and by ,lamarck4 ,experiments of ,hales and ,du ,hamel show that vegetation is not wholly suspended1 however cold it may be2 and that there is a regular and gradual progress till the returning warmth of spring gives a greater degree of velocity to the juices1 rendering their development more vigorous and apparent4 ,if the crystallization takes place when the air is calm1 the crystals will be regularly formed2 otherwise1 when windy1 ,i have seen them like a shell within a shell1 very thin1 of a pearly whiteness4 ,professor ,tyndall has shown in a very beautiful manner that ice is but an agglomeration of snow crystals3 the transparency of the former being due to the expulsion of the air1 entrapped in and causing the whiteness and opacity of the latter4 ,there is a formation called the snow plant of ,california1 which arises to some height1 and has been compared to various things1 a fountain convoluted and enlarged above1 a crystallized small bushy shrub1 etc42 but on closer inquiry1 ,i have failed as yet to get any definite ideas to its true character4 ,some bulbs in the soil might cause such formations by the congelation of vapor deposited successively upon itself1 or the stems of the previous year's growth yet remaining1 and thus give them a sheathing of frosting4 ,the shape of a star is common in snow crystals1 which we all know assume the most beautiful forms1 and which are illustrated in various publications4 ,the eminent botanist ,count ,swinoskoff should give us some clue as to the genus or character of the plant1 the flower of which1 we are told1 melted away on being touched1 and as to the stamens1 the diamond seeds like a pin's head1 etc4 ,the whole needs further explanation4 ,i trust those ,bostonians who are in such hope will edify the public as to the final result of their experiment4 ,what has that veteran in botany1 ,dr4 ,asa ,gray1 to say about it8 ,let some one well qualified tell us more about this frost flower of ,russia4 ,j4 ,stauffer4 ,lancaster1 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,patent ,,matters ,,in ,,washington1 ,d4,c4 ,to the ,editor of the ,scientific ,american3 ,from the report of the ,commissioner of ,patents1 just issued1 it appears that its surplus revenue for the past year amounts to over one hundred and five thousand dollars1 and that there is nearly a million dollars in the ,united ,states ,treasury to the credit of the ,patent ,office2 and yet1 notwithstanding that this enormous amount is lying idle1 our pseudo-economists at the ,capitol refuse to grant the ,office sufficient of its own funds to carry on its business promptly4 ,so much is the work behindhand in some of the departments that1 as the ,commissioner states in his report1 some of the attorneys who require certified copies of papers have been obliged to employ their own clerks to do office copying1 and then had to pay the full legal rate of ten cents per hundred words1 the same as though the ,office had done the work4 ,this style of economizing1 by making inventors pay two prices for their work1 may be reform in the eyes of the average ,democratic ,congressman2 but speaking for myself1 as one of those who have had to pay twice1 ,i would prefer to dispense with this style of retrenchment and reform1 and therefore ask you1 ,messrs4 ,editors1 in behalf of the inventors of the ,united ,states1 to so stir up our legislators that they will allow the ,office sufficient of its own funds to do its work properly1 and not delay the work of the inventor--work that he has to pay for in advance--and so prevent the discouragement and trouble which these delays always cause4 ,as the ,patent ,office has been doing a good business lately1 there appears to be some attempt at rivalry at the ,capitol1 as the following list of applications for extension will show3 ,,list ,,of ,,applicants ,,for ,,extensions ,,of ,,patents ,,now ,,before ,,congress4 ---- ,reynolds1 power loom brake4 ,strong ,ross1 scales4 ,wm4 ,w4,h4 ,lewis1 photographic plates4 ,t4,a4 ,weston1 differential pulley4 ,s4,s4 ,hartshorn1 buckles4 ,h4,a4 ,stone1 making cheese4 ,n4 ,whitehall1 cultivator4 ,j4,r4 ,harrington1 carpet lining4 ,h4,l4 ,emery1 cotton gins4 ,j4 ,stainthorp1 moulding candles4 ,walter ,hunt's heirs1 paper collars4 ,a4,b4 ,wilson1 sewing machines4 ,s4,a4 ,knox1 plows4 ,rollin ,white1 firearms4 ,aikin ,a4 ,felthousen1 sewing machines4 ,h4 ,woodman1 stripping cotton cards4 ,l4 ,hall1 heel trimmer4 ,j4,a4 ,conover1 wood splitter4 ,j4 ,dyson1 carding engine4 ,g4 ,wellmann1 card strippers4 ,e4 ,brady1 safety valves4 ,jearum ,atkins1 harvester rakes4 ,john ,thomas1 re-rolling railroad rails4 ,thomas ,mitchell1 hair brushes4 ,stephen ,hull1 harvesters4 ,t4,r4 ,crosby1 wiring blind slats4 ,g4,w4 ,laban1 mitre cutting machine4 ,t4,a4 ,whitenack1 harvesters4 ,j4,j4 ,vinton1 furnaces4 ,a4 ,fuller1 faucets4 ,d4 ,baker1 pitcher spouts and lids4 ,g4,f4 ,chandler1 refining sugar4 ,g4,h4 ,nott1 boiler furnace4 ,william ,hall1 lightning rods4 ,b4,f4 ,rice1 paper bag machines4 ,s4,d4 ,nelson1 shovels4 ,e4,t4 ,russell1 car springs4 ,hubbell ,conant1 steam pumps4 ,c4,a4 ,chamberlain1 shovels4 ,c4,a4 ,adams1 locks4 ,e4,a4 ,leland1 paint can4 ,in addition to the above1 ,i find the following names as applicants for extensions1 but the inventions covered by the patents sought to be extended is not mentioned3 ,s4,s4 ,turner1 ,arculous ,wyckoff1 ,de ,witt ,c4 ,cummings1 ,moses ,marshall1 ,j4,w4 ,fowler1 and ,holloway ,graham4 ,many of the applicants have apparently given up their cases for this session1 but they may be only lying back to its close in hopes that in the final rush their little bills may slip through easily4 ,several bills tinkering at the patent laws are before ,congress1 and one of these 7,house ,bill1 ,no4 #c1cgj7 passed the ,house on the #cjth ult4 ,it has one section that may be made to work great harm to inventors1 as it prevents infringers being sued for more than one year's damages previous to notice of infringement being given4 ,by this bill1 if it is allowed to become a law1 a person will be able to build and use patented machines or processes for years in some out of the way place where the inventor cannot easily find him2 and should he be discovered1 he can only be sued for one year's damages4 ,there are other sections in this bill which will bear ventilating4 ,another bill1 introduced into the ,senate by ,mr4 ,paddock1 provides that all appeals from the ,board of ,appeals shall be direct to the ,supreme ,court of the ,district of ,columbia1 instead of to the ,commissioner as heretofore2 and that the fees shall be the same as now paid to the latter official4 ,mr4 ,sampson has introduced into the ,house a bill changing section #dhhf so that it shall read as follows3 ,,sec4 #dhhf4 ,any person who has discovered any new or useful art1 machine1 manufacture or composition of matter1 or any new or useful improvement thereof1 not known or used by others in this country1 and not patented or described in any printed publication in this or any foreign country1 before his invention or discovery thereof1 and not in public use or on sale for more than two years prior to his application1 unless the same is proved to have been abandoned1 may1 upon payment of the fees required by law1 and other due proceedings had1 obtain a patent therefor3 ,provided1 ,that the manufacture or composition of drugs as a medicine shall not be patentable4 ,the change is the addition of the words in italics4 ,the ,smithsonian ,institute has sent to ,congress a memorial setting forth that the present ,institute building is already too small for the vast amount of articles already placed there on exhibition2 that at the late ,centennial ,exposition the ,commissioners of various countries presented their entire collection of exhibits to the ,united ,states1 which had delegated their care to the ,smithsonian ,institute1 and they had no place for them2 that the armory building was being fitted up for the reception of the ,united ,states ,centennial collection1 and they therefore asked that a building be erected for the foreign collection1 which could be used as a national museum1 or otherwise we should have to offend the donors by keeping their valuable gifts stowed away in cellars and other rubbish receptacles4 ,mr4 ,eads1 who is now here on the lookout for his pay for his work on the ,south ,pass of the ,mississippi's mouth1 has received intelligence from the resident engineer at the jetties that the channel through the shoal at the head of the ,south ,pass is now twenty-two feet deep1 and that the least width at which twenty feet depth is found is one hundred and ten feet4 ,the principal works to improve this shoal were constructed during the last six months4 ,the low stage and feeble current of the river has delayed their effect until the recent flood from the ,ohio reached them1 and the problem of deepening the shoal has been fully solved by the rapid scouring away of the obstruction4 ,it is stated that the channel is quite straight and is deepening rapidly4 ,the channel through the jetties at the mouth of the ,pass is twenty-one feet deep4 ,the entrance from the sea through the jetties is one thousand feet wide1 and through the works at the head of the ,pass eight hundred feet4 ,a recent telegram from ,nevada states that the ,sutro ,tunnel 7of which ,i gave you some particulars in one of my letters7 has now progressed a total distance of #ae1efe feet and has fairly entered the mineral belt1 and will soon help to increase the already vast products of the ,comstock lode4 ,while on the subject of mining1 ,i will state that the amount of quicksilver produced in ,california has increased so immensely during the last two years that it has attracted the attention of all interested in the article throughout the world4 ,the receipts for the year have been #fc1ibh and the exports #dh1jaj flasks4 ,in addition to the receipts there1 probably about six thousand flasks were shipped direct from the mines to ,nevada1 thus bringing up the total production to over #gj1jjj flasks1 a gain in round numbers of from twelve thousand to fifteen thousand flasks over #ahge4 ,the exports in that year were #cd1hdd flasks1 or #ac1fff less than in #ahgf4 ,occasional4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,tyrian ,,purple ,,ink ,,for ,,marking ,,linen4--,von ,bele gives the following method for preparing an ink for marking linen and cotton3 ,neutralize #ge grains of carbonate of ammonia with pure nitric acid1 and triturate #de to #fj grains of carmine with the solution4 ,mordant the fabric with a mixed solution of acetate of alumina and tin salt1 and write upon it1 when it is perfectly dry1 with the ink4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,york ,,academy ,,of ,,sciences4 ,on ,monday evening1 ,january #bi1 #ahgg1 a meeting of this ,academy was held at the ,school of ,mines1 ,columbia ,college1 ,dr4 ,j4,s4 ,newberry1 ,president1 in the chair4 ,mr4 ,a4,a4 ,julian1 ,a4,m41 read a paper on the ,,preparation ,,of ,,rock ,,and ,,mineral ,,sections ,,for ,,microscopic ,,study4 ,the speaker described in detail the various operations1 exhibited the different kinds of apparatus employed1 showed the operations1 and exhibited the finished sections4 ,in some rocks a thin chip can be broken off1 others require to be sawn1 and for the latter purpose the diamond saw is best4 ,having obtained the chip1 it is first polished on one side1 then cemented to a little square of glass1 and the other side polished in the same way4 ,the sections must not be too thick1 nor too thin2 they are usually made from a hundredth to a thousandth of an inch thick4 ,lathes employed in polishing minerals require to be provided with conical spindles1 so that the wear1 due to grit and emery dust getting on them1 may be readily taken up4 ,the grinding wheel may be either horizontal or vertical2 the former has the advantage that the mineral can be held in either hand2 with the latter only the right hand can be employed1 and that in an awkward and tiresome position4 ,mr4 ,julian then referred briefly to the kinds of emery1 its preparation by elutriation1 etc41 and cautioned operators against using rouge or tin putty powder in polishing rock sections1 although they may be employed in polishing certain minerals and gems4 ,the object of making the rock sections being to study their constituents and determine what minerals enter into their composition1 it is important that no foreign substance1 liable to adhere to the specimen and to be mistaken for one of its ingredients1 be placed on the section while grinding4 ,lastly1 the minerals are mounted on glass1 with or without covers1 by means of ,canada balsam4 ,square glasses are to be preferred to the long and narrow strips1 usually employed1 as less liable to break in the center1 and more easily revolved on the stage of a microscope4 ,mr4 ,l4,h4 ,landy then exhibited1 by means of the gas microscope1 several beautiful rock sections1 both ,american and ,german4 ,the same gentleman also showed the effect of passing polarized light through certain crystal sections1 the black cross and rainbow-hued rings revolving like so many wheels as the polarizer was turned4 ,at the conclusion of this brilliant exhibition1 ,dr4 ,p4,t4 ,austen made some remarks on ,,laboratory ,,manipulations4 ,the points referred to were the apparently unimportant details which often contribute so much to the ease and pleasure of working4 ,first1 the use of square pieces of felt1 such as are used under beer glasses in saloons1 for setting hot beakers and flasks on to prevent chilling and consequent cracking4 ,second1 in crystallizing substances for examination under the microscope2 one watch glass is placed upon another with the substance between them1 and the upper glass filled with ether1 the cold produced by its evaporation hastening the crystallization4 ,third1 removing precipitates and solid matter from flasks1 by heating to boiling1 and inverting in a vessel of water4 ,fourth1 crystallization by gradual dilution4 ,fifth1 filter paper without ash4 ,in ,german laboratories it is customary to dissolve out the mineral matter from white filtering paper by washing in dilute hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids4 ,sixth1 the use of infusorial silica for drying purposes4 ,being very porous1 it will absorb five times its own volume of water4 ,if a filter paper1 holding a wet precipitate1 be placed upon a layer of this earth1 it will become quite dry in a very short space of time4 ,mr4 ,austen also remarked that substances retain their heat for several days when placed in cork boxes4 ,to keep a substance air-tight1 it may be placed in a flask1 the neck painted with a solution of india rubber in chloroform1 and a plate of glass laid upon it4 ,the solvent quickly evaporates1 leaving a delicate film of rubber1 which holds the glass tightly in place4 ,the next meeting of the ,chemical ,section will be held ,february #ab2 of the ,mineralogical ,section1 ,february #ai4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,annual ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,patent ,,office4 ,the annual report to ,congress of the ,commissioner of ,patents1 for the year #ahgf1 has made its appearance4 ,the amount received on applications for patents1 reissues1 designs1 extensions1 caveats1 disclaimers1 appeals1 trade marks1 labels1 copies1 etc41 was #geg1ihg4fe4 ,the amount paid for salaries was #dbe1icj2 other expenses1 #bbf1fab4 ,total payments1 #feb1edb4 ,number of applications for patents during the year #ahgf #ba1dbe ,number of patents issued1 including reissues and designs #ae1eie ,number of applications for extension of patents #b ,number of patents extended #c ,number of caveats filed during the year #b1fig ,number of patents expired during the year #had ,number of patents allowed but not issued for want of final fee #c1cec ,number of applications for registering of trade marks #a1jha ,number of trade marks registered #iei ,number of applications for registering of labels #fej ,number of labels registered #djb ,of the patents granted there were to-- ,citizens of the ,united ,states #af1bci ,subjects of ,great ,britain #eaa ,subjects of ,france #ajd ,subjects of other foreign governments #agb ----- ,total #ag1jbf ,the number of applications for patents was a little less than during the previous year4 ,the ,commissioner suggests that ,congress should appropriate #ej1jjj to promote the printing of the old patents2 that additional examiners be employed1 and more clerks1 for the purpose of expediting the business of the office2 that the price of the ,official ,gazette be reduced1 also the fee for trade mark registration2 that the library fund be increased2 that more space be provided for models1 and for the transaction of business4 ,in respect to the ,centennial1 the value of new improvements1 and the service of the ,patent ,office in stimulating discovery1 the ,acting ,commissioner speaks as follows3 ,the display made at the ,exposition by the ,patent ,office was creditable in every respect1 and excited general attention4 ,about #e1jjj models of inventions1 representing the leading branches of the arts and manufactures1 were exhibited in suitable cases1 and properly labeled1 the various publications of the ,office were displayed1 its practice fully explained to all inquirers1 and copies of the ,patent ,laws and the ,office regulations and forms freely distributed4 ,the knowledge of our patent system thus imparted to foreigners and all others unable to visit ,washington has more than repaid the small cost attendant upon the representation4 ,the exhibits were sent from and returned to the ,office with scarcely any damage being suffered4 ,but the array of models1 etc41 made by the ,patent ,office at the ,exposition was not needed to illustrate the value of our patent practice4 ,the wisdom of that system was demonstrated in the most practical and triumphant manner in nearly every branch of that munificent enterprise4 ,not only in the grand display of labor-saving machinery1 but in the vast collection of manufactured articles1 and even in the department of fine arts1 were seen the fruits of that provision in our ,constitution giving to ,congress the power 'to promote the progress of science and the useful arts by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries4' ,whatever persons may do in a 'perfect condition of society' in sharing1 without price1 the fruits of their labors with others1 it must be apparent to the dullest observer that the wonderful growth of the useful arts in this country is due1 thus far1 to the protection given by our ,government to property in inventions--a property as sacred as any other class of property1 and whose value is determined by the same general law of supply and demand4 ,it may be safely said that two thirds of the manufacturing interests of the country are based upon patents1 and the welfare of all such interests are intimately connected with the welfare of the patent system4 ,during the past seven years a larger number of applications for patents were filed and patents granted than during the entire seventy-eight preceding years1 reaching back to the enactment of the first patent law4 ,the needs of the ,office have advanced in proportion to this sudden and vast increase of work1 but have been but partly supplied4 ,nay1 in fact1 its already scanty force and accommodations have been actually reduced at a time when most required4 ,if these vast interests1 and the future promotion of science and the useful arts are to be encouraged1 a liberal recognition must be made of the wants of this ,office4 ,the ,examining ,corps1 the duties in which are most arduous and exacting1 comprises gentlemen of legal1 as well as scientific1 attainments4 ,it should be re-inforced by more of the same character4 ,they should be relieved1 by legislation1 of continual embarrassment by reason of meager salaries and fears of removal incident to merely political changes4 ,the ,office would then be spared the continual loss of its most experienced and efficient men4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,iron ,,trade ,,in ,,england4 ,the ,british ,mercantile ,gazette of ,january #ae states that the situation and prospects of the iron trade have not materially improved in the month of ,december1 but some week or two must elapse yet before trade returns to its regular channels4 ,in the north of ,england the tone of the market is tolerably cheerful1 and prospects1 though still vague1 are considered encouraging4 ,makers of pig iron go into the next quarter with a good supply of orders on their books1 and merchants and consumers are desirous of buying over the first half of the year4 ,notwithstanding the great depression which has ruled throughout #ahgf1 there is likely to be a greater production of pig iron by several thousand tons than ever there was before1 and the total make must considerably exceed two million tons1 which is twice the quantity turned out in ,scotland1 though in the latter district a greater number of furnaces have been kept in blast4 ,prices are nominally the same as were quoted last week1 but show an upward tendency4 ,the bulk of the mills and forges1 foundries1 etc41 have resumed work1 and the finished iron trade is again in full swing4 ,the plate department is well provided with orders1 but the rail manufacturers1 though rather better off than they were1 are still in a poor position4 ,the miscellaneous branches of the iron trade1 such as the foundries and tube1 wire1 and cut-nail manufactories are generally well off for orders1 and engineers find plenty to do4 ,the wages agreement in the finished iron trade ends this week1 but it is thought that no alteration will be made4 ,in the ,south ,staffordshire iron trade1 work has been only partially resumed as yet1 and many of the mills and forges will not be started until the quarterly meetings1 next week4 ,orders have rarely been so scarce as they are at this moment1 arrears having been pretty generally cleared off before the holidays1 and no new ones coming in4 ,nevertheless1 the feeling of the trade is more hopeful than it was a month ago4 ,the number of furnaces in blast in this district is now only #eh out of #aec2 but should the expected improvement in trade arrive with the quarterly meeting1 this number will soon be increased4 ,in the finished iron branch1 in which quotations for marked iron contain the basis of #de for bars1 makers of leading brands of sheets and bars are better off than the manufacturers of cheap iron1 who suffer much from competition in the north4 ,some considerable contracts for girders1 bridges1 gasometers1 etc41 are under execution at the works devoted to constructive ironwork2 but the merchant iron trade1 as a whole1 is very dull4 ,unmarked iron is weak and variable1 and to this circumstance may be attributed the reduction1 announced this week1 in various descriptions of common iron hardware4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,improved ,,lathe ,,chuck4 ,the annexed engravings represent a new lathe chuck1 which may be constructed of any size1 which holds tools with great firmness1 and which is provided with an improved device for taking up wear and for the separate adjustment of the jaws4 ,the implement is made of the best steel1 by special machinery1 so that its parts are interchangeable4 ,illustration3 ,,vinton',s ,,lathe ,,chuck4 ,figs4 #a and #b represent the chuck taken apart so as to exhibit the interior4 ,figs4 #c and #d are sectional views4 ,a is a collar which encircles the spindle1 and has formed on its outer face a bevel gear wheel1 ,b4 ,c1 ,fig4 #c1 is the rear portion of the shell of the chuck inclosing the forward part of the collar1 ,a4 ,also on said collar1 ,a1 is a washer1 ,d1 which rests against the shell1 ,c1 and a nut1 ,e1 which travels on a thread formed on the collar4 ,as it is necessary1 as will be explained further on1 to turn the entire shell in order to move the jaws1 the use of the nut just described is to jam the part1 ,c1 and the enlarged portion of the collar1 ,a1 tightly together1 and so rigidly hold the jaws in any position in which they may be adjusted4 ,fig4 #a represents the outer face of the chuck with the jaws and their working mechanism4 ,within the chuck1 each jaw has attached to it a screw1 ,e4 ,this enters a bevel wheel1 ,f4 ,as the jaws are incapable of any but radial motion1 it follows that1 when the chuck is rotated bodily and the bevel wheels engage on the motionless gear wheel1 ,b1 the effect of the rotation of said bevel wheels is to cause the jaws to travel toward or from the center of the chuck face4 ,and it will be further clear that this motion must be simultaneous in all the jaws4 ,as the outer portion of the chuck is rigidly secured to the shell1 ,c1 by screws1 of course when that shell is jammed1 as already stated1 by the nut1 ,e1 it becomes impossible to turn the chuck bodily2 and hence the bevel wheels cannot be rotated around the main gear wheel1 and consequently the position of the jaws cannot be altered4 ,the above comprises the mechanism proper of the device1 that is to say1 all that is necessary for moving or clamping the jaws4 ,there is1 however1 another feature of considerable importance yet to be described1 and that is the device for taking up any play of the jaws due to wear1 and which enables each to be adjusted so that the motion of all may be uniform4 ,by referring to ,fig4 #d1 it will be seen that1 above the bevel wheel1 there is a projection1 into the threaded interior of which1 as already explained1 the jaw screw enters4 ,surrounding this projection is a sleeve1 ,g1 the outer surface of which is threaded to fit a similarly threaded aperture1 cut partly in the shell and partly in the face plate4 ,the upper portion of the sleeve is notched to receive a wrench or driver2 and beneath the sleeve an armed washer1 ,h1 is slipped over the projection4 ,the arms of this washer enter recesses in the face plate4 ,it will be evident that1 by turning the sleeve1 ,f1 so that the screw works inward1 the jaw and all its appendages will be moved bodily in corresponding direction4 ,but its movement is limited by the arms of the washer1 ,g1 which1 through the narrowness of the recesses1 are allowed only just enough play to compensate for slight changes in the jaw4 ,as the above device is applied to every jaw1 it follows that any one of them may be nicely adjusted from the outside1 so that all are caused to grasp the tool accurately4 ,the spindle1 instead of being solid as represented1 may be made hollow4 ,patented to ,j4,h4 ,vinton1 ,august #ah1 #ahgd4 ,for further information1 address the manufacturer1 ,mr4 ,f4 ,armstrong1 ,bridgeport1 ,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,screw-,,cutting ,,lathes4 ,illustration3 ,screw-,cutting ,lathes ,an ,english lathe1 now in use at the ,rogers ,locomotive ,works1 ,paterson1 ,n4,j41 contains several novel features4 ,the ways are flat on the faces1 instead of having raised ,vs2 and this is a feature of all ,english lathes1 and of those known in this country as the ,freeland lathes4 ,a great deal of discussion has at various times taken place as to the relative qualification or merits of these two forms of lathe bed4 ,the advocates of the flat way1 with ,vs at the edges of the way1 claim superiority on the score of steadiness1 increased wearing surface1 and strength2 while1 on behalf of the raised ,vs1 it is urged that1 the ,vs being true1 the saddle is bound to travel true1 because there can be no lost motion on the slides2 whereas any lost motion1 from want of adjustment of the slides in flat ways1 is liable to be reproduced twofold in the work1 for the reason that #a_/ajj of an inch lateral movement of the slide carriage becomes #a_/ej of an inch in the diameter of the work4 ,then1 again1 the most of the wear upon a lathe bed takes place at the part at and near the running center of the lathe1 because the saddle is1 on account of short jobs1 more used in that part than on any other4 ,as a result1 when wear has taken place1 the saddle1 if adjusted to suit the worn part1 becomes too tight to travel over the unworn part of the bed2 and hence1 after the wear has taken place1 a proper adjustment of the lathe saddle becomes impossible if the job is a long one4 ,in the case of raised ,vs1 however1 the wear simply causes the saddle to fall vertically1 so that an amount of wear equal to #a_/ajj of an inch would have the same effect as lowering the tool #a_/ajj inch1 its effect upon the work being almost imperceptible by ordinary measurement4 ,on the other hand1 however1 ,v lathes are usually made with either a weight or a spring to keep the saddle down2 and as a result1 when the cutting tool stands far out from the tool post1 the saddle is apt to tip1 especially in the case of boring with a lathe tool4 ,in some cases1 the raised ,vs are accompanied with gibs to secure the saddle2 but in many instances the gibs are given too little wearing surface4 ,in the lathe above referred to1 there are three ways in one casting1 with the slide angles on the outer edges4 ,there are also three separate and independent tail stocks fitting into the two openings between the ways4 ,the running head has one cone pulley connected by suitable gearing to three face plates4 ,the three centers at the running head are stationary4 ,the slide rest saddle spans the three ways1 having a ,v slide which contains three separate slide rests1 all connected by a nut to the feed screw1 so that all three are operated by the one screw4 ,in addition to this1 the two back slide rests have the nuts so attached that they can be moved by means of a separate screw1 the object being to facilitate setting the cuts1 since it would be a tedious matter to set all three tools to an equal cut1 or to their desired respective cuts1 without means of operating two of them independently4 ,to set the cut during screw-cutting operations1 the ingenious device shown in our engraving is provided4 ,a represents the cross-feed or slide rest screw1 which operates the three slide rests4 ,it is fast to the notched wheel1 ,b1 and is operated by it in the usual way4 ,c is a short screw which provides journal bearing for the screw1 ,a1 by a plain hole4 ,it is screwed on the outside1 and the plate in which it fits acts as its nut4 ,it is fast to the handle1 ,d1 and is in fact operated by it4 ,the handle or lever is provided with a catch1 ,e1 pivoted in the enclosed box1 ,f1 which also contains a means of detaining the catch in the notches of the wheel1 or of holding it free from the same when it is placed clear4 ,if1 then1 the lever1 ,d1 be moved back and forth the feed screw1 ,a1 and hence the three slide rests1 will be operated2 while1 if the catch be placed in one of the notches on the wheel1 ,b1 both the screws1 ,a and ,c1 will act to operate the rests4 ,when1 therefore1 the operator is cutting screws1 he sets the catch1 ,e1 into one of the notches so soon as the tools are properly adjusted to the work2 and then lifting the catch1 ,e1 he turns the wheel1 ,b1 so that the catch falls into the next notch1 and this puts the cut on4 ,when the tool has taken that cut1 and while the latter saddle is traveling back1 the catch is placed in the next notch1 and so on1 the cut for the forward travel always being put on as above while the saddle is traveling back4 ,thus is insured an exactly equable amount of cut on the whole three rests4 ,when the lever1 ,d1 is not in use1 the catch is removed from the wheel1 ,b1 and is allowed to rest against the pins1 ,g or ,a1 provided for that purpose4 ,for piston rods1 or for work such as cutting jack screws1 this lathe is very useful4 ,it is obviously1 however1 a special tool4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,natural ,,ornaments ,,in ,,winter4 ,now that the hedges are no longer green1 and the trees stand black and bare on the landscape1 is the time to seek for endless variety and beauty waiting to be admired in its turn4 ,what miniature fairy glens and grottoes are distributed over the hedge banks of our country lanes6 ,mosses1 delicate and beautiful1 may be found in the interstices of any old wall1 or at the foot of almost any tree or shrub4 ,in the winter time mosses and lichens are found in fruit1 and are beautiful objects4 ,a pocket microscope lens is essential for their proper observation2 and though the delicate carmine cups of the species known as the cup moss1 and the familiar gray and yellow mosaic appearance we see on twigs and branches on our way1 are easily recognized1 the study of this form of winter vegetation is an inexhaustible one1 and is an occupation for a lifetime1 if earnestly pursued4 ,we do not however1 suggest that every one who endeavors to recognize the different species of moss1 lichens1 or fungi should necessarily do so through the medium of the microscope2 but it will greatly add to the pleasure of making a collection out of doors if there be a good microscope at home1 so that when the contents of the basket be turned out1 after the winter's walk1 there should be interest even in the fragments left1 after a little pile of varied bits has been constructed1 rivalling the choicest summer bouquet in beauty of form and color4 ,we have seen such a collection formed into a beautiful object by raising a little mound of rough bits of bark in a plate or saucer1 and placing on it varieties of fungus of every shade of red1 brown1 yellow1 and gray4 ,they seem to spring forth from a bed of sphagnum or bog moss of brightest emerald green2 while a clump of the screw wall moss in fruit1 with its curious little box-like capsules1 supports a gray or yellow lichen1 which has been gently removed from some old wall or tree4 ,a bit of stick or a twig1 incrusted with a bright orange-colored lichen1 supports a trailing branch of delicate green ivy1 the most beautiful and adaptable of all winter foliage4 ,over this little arrangement is placed a bell glass1 to preserve it from dust and the effect of a dry atmosphere2 and we know how pleasing to the eye is its varied beauty of form and color1 lasting thus1 a constant source of pleasure1 for many a day without renewal4--,chambers' ,journal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,improved ,,harness ,,cockeye4 ,we illustrate herewith a very simple little device for attaching traces to the single tree4 ,it forms a secure fastening which may be instantly attached1 and which1 by its construction1 is prevented from wearing out rapidly4 ,illustration3 ,figs4 #a and #b ,fig4 #a shows the cockeye attached to the single tree1 and ,fig4 #b exhibits parts in section1 displaying the construction very clearly4 ,the yoke is of the usual pattern4 ,swiveled to it is a long loop1 which is chambered out to receive a spiral spring which acts upon a plunger4 ,the latter is provided with a follower having a semicircular notch1 which corresponds in form to the inside of the end of the loop4 ,the follower also has guiding lips which extend over the sides of the loop4 ,through the yielding of the spring1 the space between the follower and loop adjusts itself to studs or hooks of any size4 ,patented ,december #ab1 #ahgf1 through the ,scientific ,american ,patent ,agency4 ,for further particulars1 address the inventors1 ,messrs4 ,f4,w4 ,knapp and ,c4 ,schallhorn1 ,fiddletown1 ,amador county1 ,cal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,proposed ,,cremation ,,temple4 ,cremation1 in this country at least1 is not popular4 ,for a time1 it occupied here some public attention1 but only in a sensational way2 and the sober discussion of the subject1 which followed after its novelty had worn off1 led to the general opinion that1 while every one might be quite willing to see his dead neighbors cremated1 no one would acquiesce in the disposal of his friends and relatives in so abnormal a manner4 ,hence1 with the single exception of the late revolting exhibition in ,pennsylvania1 which we alluded to at the time1 the dead in this country have continued to be deposited in their hallowed resting places1 and have not been packed away1 in an incinerated state1 in labeled urns4 ,in ,europe1 however1 cremation still finds many warm adherents2 and during last summer a congress of the ,friends of ,cremation 7a society which1 we are informed by ,engineering1 whence we take the annexed engravings1 has branches in various parts of the world71 was held in ,dresden4 ,before this meeting1 a large number of designs for cremation and mortuary buildings were brought in competition1 and finally the prize was awarded to ,mr4 ,g4 ,lilienthal1 a ,berlin architect1 for the imposing structure illustrated herewith4 ,this will be the grand temple of cremation when it is erected--a proceeding to take place in the dim future3 when or where not stated4 ,on each side of a central chapel there is a circular memorial hall2 and extending so as to inclose the garden of the establishment1 on the sides of the halls are wings containing a large number of niches for the reception of funeral urns4 ,the cremation ceremony is proposed to be as follows3 ,the body1 having been brought into the hall1 is subjected to the usual medical examination2 or when an inquest is necessary1 it is removed to offices in another part of the building1 where the required investigation can be held4 ,when all is ready1 the body1 placed on the platform1 ,b1 ,fig4 #b1 is raised by a lift into the hall1 ,a1 where visitors are gathered1 and here the result of the medical examination is declared1 and whatever preliminary religious ceremonies that are desired are performed4 ,the body is then transported to the chapel1 ,e1 in front of the pulpit1 ,f1 where the burial service is performed4 ,the bier is afterward lowered mechanically1 and brought to the furnaces1 which are arranged in a semicircle and partitioned for the reception of several biers4 ,the ashes are subsequently placed in an urn1 on which the name1 etc41 of the deceased are recorded1 and which is set up in a suitable niche4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4--;,,design ,,for ,a ,,cremation ,,temple ,the building1 which we illustrate both in elevation1 ,fig4 #a1 and in plan1 ,fig4 #b1 is designed to contain #ajj1jjj urns1 and is adapted for a town of #bjj1jjj inhabitants4 ,the architect has certainly exhibited much taste in his design for the building1 and has provided every convenience in the internal arrangement for carrying on a large business in the cremation line4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4--,,section ,,of ,a ,,cremation ,,temple4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,how ,,to ,,rejuvenate ,,an ,,old ,,rose ,,bush4 ,never give up a decaying rose bush till you have tried watering it two or three times a week with soot tea4 ,make the concoction with boiling water1 from soot taken from the chimney or stove in which wood is burned4 ,when cold1 water the bush with it4 ,when it is used up1 pour boiling hot water on the soot a second time4 ,rose bushes treated in this way will often send out thrifty shoots1 the leaves will become large and thick1 the blossoms will greatly improve in size and be more richly tinted than before4--,d4,h4 ,jacques4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,clock ,,collector4 ,one of those odd geniuses1 who spend their lives and means in collecting curious and rare articles1 lately died4 ,his name was ,sylvester ,bonaffon1 a retired merchant of ,philadelphia4 ,his elaborate collections were sold at auction1 and their oddity has attracted general attention4 ,his chief mania was for clocks1 which literally covered every portion of available space in his apartments1 whether they were placed on chairs1 tables1 shelves1 or hung against the wall4 ,some of these timepieces were of unique construction4 ,one clock was made to run for #djj days after one winding2 another was set in the dashboard of his carriage1 and he used ,mr4 ,bonaffon also had an especial fondness for electrical apparatus4 ,his windows were provided with ingenious burglar alarms1 his rooms with fire alarms1 and he ignited his gas always by electricity4 ,his place of business1 his stable1 the ,continental ,hotel where he dined1 were all connected with instruments in his room2 and he even had perfected arrangements so that he could set at home and send his own messages to ,california4 ,besides the clocks and electric apparatus1 there was an immense collection of bric-a-brac of every conceivable variety1 which was sold at the auction--as is usually the case--at prices much below those paid by its late owner4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,fertilizing ,,influence ,,of ,,snow4 ,snow is often called the poor man's manure2 and if it is true that it has any manurial value1 the farmer's prospects for the next season are certainly flattering4 ,the body of snow upon the ground in all the ,northern and ,middle ,states is very great1 and millions of acres of land are covered by it as with a blanket of the whitest wool4 ,it is probable that seldom1 perhaps never1 has so wide an area of our country been covered as during this month of ,january1 #ahgg4 ,the question whether snow is capable of affording to lands any of the elements of fertility is one often asked2 and in reply1 the ,boston ,journal of ,chemistry says that it probably is4 ,the atmosphere holds ammonia and some other nitrogenous products1 which are without doubt brought to the soil by snowflakes as well as by rain drops4 ,experiments both here and abroad would seem to prove the truth of this conclusion4 ,rains are not only valuable for the moisture which they supply1 but for what they bring to us from the atmosphere4 ,during a thunderstorm nitric acid is produced in considerable quantities2 and dissolved in the rain drops to a high degree of attenuation1 its effects upon soils are highly salutary1 as the nitrogen permeates the entire soil4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,action ,,of ,,sea ,,water ,,on ,,lead4 ,the ,journal of the ,chemical ,society says that freshly cut strips of lead were kept in a bottle of sea water for four days1 the bottle being frequently shaken4 ,no trace of lead could be detected in the water1 but the bright surface of the strips was coated with an insoluble lead compound4 ,hence lead pipes may be used in marine aquaria without any fear of injury to their inhabitants4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,papin',s ,,steam ,,engine4 ,,by ,,professor ,,charles ,a4 ,,joy4 ,it is a matter of history that1 as early as #afhh1 ,denis ,papin1 ,professor of ,physics and ,mathematics at the ,university of ,marburg1 proposed to substitute steam for powder in the engine invented by ,huyghens1 and that in #afie he published a description of several new inventions1 in which steam played an important part4 ,the ,elector ,carl1 of ,hesse-,cassel1 was anxious to be free from the annoyances and impositions practised upon his boatmen by the authorities at ,mnden1 and he proposed to avoid that city by constructing a canal connecting the ,weser with the river that flowed through ,cassel4 ,much of the work was accomplished1 and the half finished line of the canal can be traced even at the present day4 ,papin was authorized to build a powerful steam pump by which the supply of water was to be regulated4 ,a working model of this pump was completed2 and the ,elector was on the point of visiting the laboratory to witness its operation1 when a fearful explosion frightened the workmen1 and afforded an opportunity for enemies to intrigue for the expulsion of ,papin from the country4 ,the model was preserved for a long time in ,cassel2 but at the time of the ,french invasion1 it disappeared1 and no trace of it has since been found4 ,in writing about his inventions1 ,papin says1 in #afie3 ,it would occupy too much space for me to describe in what manner this principle could be applied to removing water from mines1 throwing bombs1 sailing against the wind1 and for many other similar purposes2 everyone according to his wants can imagine the constructions that could be made4 ,i cannot1 however1 refrain from remarking how much preferable this power would be to oars for those whose business calls them to the sea4 ,and further on he says3 ,the steam cylinders could be employed for a great variety of purposes4 ,one of the cylinders1 which was to form a part of the pump1 was cast at the foundry in ,cassel1 and after various vicissitudes has finally become the property of the ,historical ,museum in that city1 where it will be preserved1 with jealous care1 from any further injury4 ,during the recent exhibition of philosophical instruments in ,london1 this remnant of ,papin's invention played an important part1 it having been generously loaned by the authorities for that occasion4 ,after the flight of ,papin from ,germany1 the cylinder was used as a receptacle for iron turnings and borings in the royal works2 and after the destruction of those works by fire1 it came into the possession of ,henschel1 the founder of one of the most extensive locomotive works in ,germany4 ,this man fully appreciated the value of the historical relic2 and when ,i visited him at the works1 twenty-five years ago1 he pointed out with pride to me the inscription on its side1 ,papin's ,cylinder1 and said that he intended to have it placed upon a solid pedestal near the gate4 ,his grandson has since presented it to the city1 and its preservation from destruction or sale is now secured4 ,a copy of the drawing made by ,papin of the pump of which this cylinder was to form a part1 and which was published in #afie1 has recently appeared in ,dingler's ,journal1 and ,i send it to you1 hoping that you will have it engraved and perpetuated in your valuable paper4 ,it is a peculiar combination of ,savery's invention and ,papin's piston engine1 suggested for another purpose1 and is a decided improvement on ,huyghens' powder engine4 ,illustration3 ,,papin',s ,,steam ,,engine4 ,a is the boiler for the generation of the steam1 provided with a safety valve 7an invention of ,papin74 ,on opening the stopcock1 ,c1 the steam passes through ,b into the cylinder1 ,d1 and by its expansion drives the plunger1 ,e1 against the water contained in the cylinder1 ,d1 which is thus forced into the chamber1 ,f1 compressing strongly the air1 which in turn expels the water through the pipe1 ,g1 to the height desired4 ,k is a funnel for the fresh supply of water1 and at ,i and ,h are valves opening upwards and downwards4 ,after the condensation of the steam in ,d1 a renewed supply of water1 through ,k1 forces the plunger1 ,e1 to the top of the cylinder1 ready for the next action of steam4 ,the strokes of such a pump could not be frequent1 and it would not compare very favorably with the wonderful machinery exhibited in ,philadelphia last summer2 but it contains the germ of the idea1 and is worthy of all honor4 ,having often seen it stated that ,papin had invented a steamboat1 ,i resolved during a recent visit to ,germany to investigate the matter1 and especially to search for the correspondence between ,papin and ,leibnitz in the library at ,hanover4 ,it will be borne in mind that two hundred years ago1 on ,december #d1 #afgf1 ,leibnitz was appointed to take charge of the library in ,hanover1 and that he remained in this position until his death in #agaf4 ,he bequeathed his manuscripts to the library2 and as he had the habit of writing upon all manner of loose scraps of paper1 it has cost much labor to assort and classify them4 ,on making my application to the librarian to be permitted to see the correspondence between ,papin and ,leibnitz1 my request was at once granted2 and a table having been assigned me1 ,i was able to examine these precious relics at my leisure4 ,i was also shown a copy of an original treatise on the steam engine by ,papin1 which contained numerous marginal notes by ,leibnitz4 ,in one place1 ,leibnitz criticized ,papin's method for condensing steam1 and makes a drawing on the margin1 showing a piston and valve which he thought would be more practical4 ,it is somewhat remarkable that the ,germans have not caused a fac-simile of this little volume to be published4 ,after considerable search1 ,i found a copy of the original letter addressed by ,papin to ,leibnitz in #agjg1 asking ,leibnitz to assist him in obtaining the consent of the ,hanoverian ,government to navigate the river ,weser with a sidewheel steamboat4 ,the letter was dated ,july #g1 #agjg1 and contained among other interesting passages the following sentence3 ,the new invention will enable one or two men to accomplish more effect than several hundred oarsmen4 ,it is evident that ,leibnitz was deeply impressed by ,papin's letter1 and he supported the simple and reasonable request contained in it by the following petition addressed to the ,councillors of ,state4 ,this communication from ,leibnitz bears two indorsements1 one by the clerk of the council1 pro memoria respectfully1 in reference to the passage of a ship from the river ,fulda into the ,weser2 the other is in the handwriting of ,leibnitz3 ,papin's sidewheel ship4 ,this last indorsement is of great value1 as indicating the fact that ,papin proposed to apply side wheels for the propulsion of his new invention4 ,the following is a translation of ,leibnitz' letter1 the original of which ,i saw in the library3 ,dionysius ,papin1 ,councillor and ,physician to his royal highness the ,elector of ,cassel1 also ,professor of ,mathematics at ,marburg1 is about to dispatch a vessel of singular construction down the river ,weser to ,bremen4 ,as he learns that all ships coming from ,cassel1 or any point on the ,fulda1 are not permitted to enter the ,weser1 but are required to unload at ,mnden1 and as he anticipates some difficulty1 although those vessels have a different object1 his own not being intended for freight1 he begs most humbly that a gracious order be granted that his ship may be allowed to pass unmolested through the electoral domain1 which petition ,i most humbly support4 ,g4,w4 ,,leibnitz4 ,hanover1 ,july #ac1 #agjg4 ,this letter was returned to ,leibnitz with the following indorsement3 ,the ,electoral ,councillors have found serious obstacles in the way of granting the above petition1 and1 without giving their reasons1 have directed me to inform you of their decision1 and that in consequence the request is not granted by his ,electoral ,highness4 ,h4 ,,reiche4 ,hanover1 ,july #be1 #agjg4 ,this failure of ,papin's petition was the deathblow to his effort to establish steam navigation4 ,a mob of boatmen1 who thought they saw in the embryo ship the ruin of their business1 attacked the vessel at night and utterly destroyed it4 ,papin narrowly escaped with his life1 and fled to ,england1 where he endured great hardships and poverty1 and all traces of him were soon lost1 so that it is uncertain in what country he finally died or where he was buried4 ,this remarkable man was driven out of ,france on account of his ,protestant faith1 and found a refuge in ,germany2 here he was again persecuted on account of the injury that ignorant and jealous people believed his inventions would inflict upon the industries of the country2 and when the climax of steam engines for pumping water and propelling ships was reached1 the enlightened government of the period found serious obstacles in the way of granting him protection1 and1 without condescending to state what those objections were1 secretly instigated the mob to make an end of the trouble4 ,it is another instance1 unfortunately too often repeated in history1 of the mischief men dressed up in a little brief authority can work upon their generation4 ,if ,papin had been permitted to navigate the ,weser with his ship1 and to carry it to ,london1 as was his intention1 it is possible that we should have had steamboats one hundred years earlier than they were given to us by ,fulton4 ,the plan proposed by ,papin was highly impracticable2 but a knowledge of what ,savery had done in the way of steam machinery1 aided by the shrewd suggestions of ,leibnitz1 combined with the practical assistance of ,englishmen1 would1 no doubt1 have enabled him to improve upon his invention until it had obtained sufficient credit to be secure against the misfortune of being totally forgotten4 ,after the lapse of #ajj years from the date of ,papin's invention1 when the first steamboat was put upon the river ,rhine1 the vessel was fired into by concealed marksmen on shore1 and navigation was more dangerous than it is now on the upper waters of the ,missouri in times of ,indian hostility4 ,it was only after stationing troops along the banks of the river to protect the boatmen that the government1 fortunately more enlightened than in the days of ,leibnitz1 was able to establish steam navigation on a secure footing4 ,i have thought it worth while to make this contribution to the history of steam navigation1 particularly as ,i have been able to authenticate a portion of it by reference to original documents4 ,columbia ,college1 ,new ,york city1 ,january1 #ahgg4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,speaking ,,telegraph4 ,we have heretofore given accounts of the wonderful success of ,professor ,bell in transmitting the vibrations of the human voice by electrical means over a telegraph wire4 ,he has lately made improvements in his method of transmission1 by which he dispenses with the use of the battery1 and substitutes the magneto-electric plan of producing the current4 ,the ,boston ,transcript describes a recent experiment with the new apparatus1 by which conversation and singing was successfully carried on between ,boston and ,malden1 a distance of six miles4 ,the telephone1 in its present form1 consists of a powerful compound permanent magnet1 to the poles of which are attached ordinary telegraph coils of insulated wire4 ,in front of the poles1 surrounded by these coils of wire1 is placed a diaphragm of iron4 ,a mouthpiece to converge the sound upon this diaphragm substantially completes the arrangement4 ,as is well known1 the motion of steel or iron in front of the poles of a magnet creates a current of electricity in coils surrounding the poles of the magnet1 and the duration of this current of electricity coincides with the duration of the motion of the steel or iron moved or vibrated in the proximity of the magnet4 ,when the human voice causes the diaphragm to vibrate1 electrical undulations are induced in the coils environing the magnets1 precisely analogous to the undulations of the air produced by that voice4 ,these coils are connected with the line wire1 which may be of any length1 provided the insulation be good4 ,the undulations which are induced in these coils travel through the line wire1 and1 passing through the coils of an instrument of precisely similar construction at the distant station1 are again resolved into air undulations by the diaphragm of this instrument4 ,the experiments were as follows3 ,telephones having been connected with the private telegraphic line of the ,boston ,rubber ,shoe ,company1 conversation was at once commenced4 ,stationed at the ,boston end of the wire1 ,professor ,bell requested ,mr4 ,watson1 who was at the ,malden end1 to speak in loud tones1 with a view of enabling the entire company at once to distinguish the sounds4 ,this was so successful that a smile of mingled pleasure and surprise played on the features of those present4 ,that it1 however1 might not be supposed that loud speaking was essential to intelligibility1 ,mr4 ,bell explained that soft tones could be heard across the wires even more distinctly than loud utterances1 even a whisper being audible4 ,in confirmation of this statement1 ,mr4 ,watson commenced speaking in turn with each member of the company2 and after the efficiency of this method had been proved to the satisfaction of all1 he took up a newspaper and informed the assemblage that gold had closed the previous evening at ,new ,york at #aje-e_/h4 ,as there were quite a number of business men present1 the effect that this practical demonstration of the value of the telephone produced can scarcely be exaggerated4 ,other passages from the daily journals were then given1 and by this time the desire for conversation having become general1 ,mr4 ,watson was plied with questions such as3 ,is it thawing or freezing at ,malden8 ,who will be the next ,president8 etc4 ,it was remarkable that ,mr4 ,watson was able to distinguish between the voices at the ,boston end1 he calling at least one gentleman by name as soon as the latter commenced speaking4 ,this went on for some time1 until a lady at the ,malden end sent the company an invitation to lunch per telephone1 and an appropriate response was made by the same medium4 ,at length the ,boston company were requested to remain quiet while a lady at the other end conveyed to them the sweet strains of music4 ,the assemblage thereupon listened with rapt attention while a young lady commenced singing ,the ,last ,rose of ,summer4 ,the effect was simply charming4 ,the sound of the voice penetrated into the ,boston end of the telephone with a distinctness equal to that attainable in the more distant parts of a large concert room1 and a unanimous vote of thanks was sent by the handy little instrument which had procured for the assemblage so agreeable an hour4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the superb steam engine built by ,c4,h4 ,brown ,co41 of ,fitchburg1 ,mass41 which was illustrated and described on page #a of our current volume1 has been purchased by ,messrs4 ,phineas ,jones ,co41 and is being erected in their extensive carriage wheel works at ,newark1 ,n4,j4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,crossing ,a ,,river ,,on ,a ,,wire4 ,a reporter of the ,new ,york ,sun wanted to realize the sensation of being suspended on a wire #bge feet from the surface of the earth4 ,he applied to the engineer of the ,brooklyn bridge for permission to cross the ,east river on a wire1 three quarters of an inch in diameter1 which hangs between the two towers4 ,he was refused permission2 but he finally saw the president of the company1 who granted his request4 ,arriving at the appointed time1 the engineer1 ,mr4 ,farrington1 said3 ,well1 sir2 whenever you're ready1 ,i am4 ,all ready1 said ,i1 as bold as brass outside1 and as nervous as the ,endorian witch on the inside4 ,he walked on and ,i followed1 when1 ,horror of ,horrors--capital ,h's--to both ,horrors--instead of leading me to the 'cradle1' which ,i called a raft1 he took me to a little square board held up by two crossed iron arms1 called a 'buggy4' ,it was about three feet square1 and depended from the 'traveler1' a three quarter inch wire which crosses the river1 and is run from tower to tower over apparatus1 by means of a stationary engine4 ,it was too late to back out1 but ,i didn't feel exactly prepared to plunge in4 ,he did4 ,he jumped in1 and the little buggy swung from side to side1 precisely as a swing does when you jump on the board and try to steady it by the ropes4 ,i looked at him1 at the scale--that's it2 it's exactly like a pair of scales1 with one scale--at the deep depths below us1 and at myself4 ,i imagined the ticklish thrill which would permeate my body when we started4 ,i fancied the glories of the prospective perspective before me4 ',come1 hurry up1 please1' interrupted ,farrington1 and with resignation ,i hurried down4 ,he stood up4 ,i crouched down4 ,perhaps you think you'd have stood up as he did4 ,you're mistaken4 ,i crouched down and held on tight4 ,make no mistake4 ,i held on tight and waited for my thrill4 ,it didn't come4 ,then ,i stood up1 and ,farrington gave the word ',go4' ',wouldn't you better take a rope along8' said one of the men4 ',yes1 ,i think ,i would4' ,what did he want of a rope8 ,he feared ,i would be nervous4 ,he meant to grapple me in the middle of the river1 and tie me in4 ,i knew it4 ,i felt it4 ,but ,i didn't say a word4 ,with a gentle jerk we started--slow1 slow1 very slow4 ,farrington stood in front and watched the wire4 ,i stood behind and watched myself4 ,i felt nothing4 ,i was'n't exhilarated4 ,i was'n't scared4 ,i was'n't even timid4 ,i can't look from the top of a house without desiring to jump off1 but ,i looked down from the buggy and hadn't the least desire to jump4 ,farrington says3 ',it's because it's so high up4' ,well1 we went on without any special sensation till the buggy struck against a stay rope which reaches from one of the cables to the tower4 ,in the effort to free the buggy1 ,mr4 ,farrington gave a push which swung us out some little distance and back again1 at which a little piece of indigestion seemed to be monarch of my interior1 and for a moment ,i was on the verge of a sensation4 ,having passed the middle1 the ascent was more labored4 ,i waved my handkerchief to the people on the ferryboats4 ,i looked out toward the sea4 ,i looked up at the heavens4 ,i even looked toward ,harlem1 but1 like the buyer in the ,bible1 ,i said3 ',it is naught1 it is naught4' ,in about eight minutes we touched the ,new ,york side--all but ten feet4 ,the red flag waved for the engine to stop4 ,there we hung in mid-air #bge feet above the level1 swinging to and fro like a drunken buggy1 at an angle of forty degrees1 and quite uneasy4 ,the rope which was to haul us on was fastened to the iron--blest be the tie that binds--and with a few hearty pulls we were brought so near the ,new ,york tower that without difficulty we clambered up4 ,i had made the trip1 but ,i had not felt a feel4 ,from the top of the ,new ,york tower ,i saw much1 but the chief point of interest was the innumerable jets of steam which flourish in the air1 and fantastically curl off into space4 ,again the steeples1 the tower1 and the long1 narrow1 dirty river filled the prospect1 and the bright sun of a charming day lightened up the western sky ,that was all1 except to say 'thanks and good-bye1' and descend the stairs4 ,there were #dag of them stairs1 and before ,i reached the bottom ,i was dizzy1 faint1 seasick1 and filled with a decoction of tickle1 so that ,i had to shut my eyes and rest from my labors4 ,thus ends the trip which filled my anticipatory imagination as the waters fill the sea1 but which resolved itself in realization to a simple1 childlike faith in the fixtures on the wire1 and in the skill and competence of the man who guided them4 ,,monsieur ,x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,blue ,,glass ,,science4 ,there is nothing more reassuring in these days1 when new isms of the scientists are slowly sapping the foundations of cherished beliefs1 than to remember that1 after all1 the much vaunted dicta of ,nature are yet opposable by the sound operations of honest common sense4 ,see for example how one of our evening dailies1 tossing the dogmas of so-called science contemptuously aside1 evolves such profoundly original thoughts as these1 to explain the lucid blue glass theory of ,general ,pleasonton3 ,the blue glass presents an obstruction to the sun's rays which can only be penetrated by one of the seven primary rays--the blue ray2 the remaining six rays1 travelling with the velocity of #ahf1jjj miles a second1 falling upon the blue glass1 are suddenly arrested2 the impact evolves upon the surface of the glass friction1 heat1 electricity and magnetism2 the heat expands the molecules of the glass1 and a current of electricity and magnetism passes through it into the room2 this current1 falling upon animal or vegetable life within1 stimulates it to unusual vigor4 ,certainly the results achieved1 and abundantly certified to1 are marvellous1 and sufficient to provoke further experiments and inquiry4 ,prior to these splendid original discoveries of our contemporary1 we ignorantly believed that blue glass only partially sifted out the orange and yellow rays from the spectrum1 and that with this exception1 it acted merely as a screen to diminish the intensity of all the rays4 ,we also supposed that there was a sharp distinction to be drawn between sunlight after passing through blue glass and the blue spectral ray3 that in one case all the colored rays were more or less present1 and that in the other but one was4 ,but think of the utter dismay of such pretenders as ,helmholtz1 ,tyndall1 and ,henry when they learn that the undulatory theory of light with which they have so long taxed our credulity is overthrown--that of the seven primary rays1 six bounce off from blue glass and distribute themselves over the adjoining neighborhood4 ,that the glass is heated by the impact2 and as the sun persistently emits more rays1 there are more impacts and more heat4 ,the glass gets hotter and hotter2 but--mark the scientific acumen here--just as we are wondering whether it will reach the melting point1 the pores open4 ,it is the ,turkish bath of ,nature4 ,electricity and magnetism1 no longer shut out1 rush in between the separate molecules4 ,hand in hand1 these great curative powers seek a proper subject4 ,they meet 7we learn from a report1 also in our contemporary1 of ,pleasonton's latest triumph7 a pig or a young lady whose hair has come out--a heifer1 a rooster1 or a rheumatic child4 ,forthwith the pig fattens1 hair equal to that produced by the finest tricopherus pervades the female scalp1 and unusual vigor and general happiness prevail4 ,such is the boon which ,pleasonton bestows on humanity1 as elucidated by the original genius of our contemporary4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,infectious ,,disease ,,propagation4 ,in view of the alarming prevalence of scarlet fever in many parts of the country1 the following hints by the ,british ,medical ,journal are wholesome warnings3 ,there are three common ways by means of which infectious diseases may be very widely spread4 ,it is a very usual practice for parents to take children suffering from scarlet fever1 measles1 etc41 to a public dispensary1 in order to obtain advice and medicines4 ,it is little less than crime to expose1 in the streets of a town and in the crowded waiting room of a dispensary1 children afflicted with such complaints4 ,again1 persons who are recovering from infectious disorders borrow books out of the lending departments of public libraries2 these books1 on their reissue to fresh borrowers1 are sources of very great danger4 ,in all libraries1 notices should be posted up informing borrowers that no books will be lent out to persons who are suffering from diseases of an infectious character2 and that any person so suffering will be prosecuted if he borrow during the time of his illness4 ,lastly1 disease is spread by tract distributors4 ,it is the habit for such well meaning people to call at a house where a person is ill and to leave him a tract4 ,in a week or so the tract is called for again1 another left in its place1 and the old one is left with another person4 ,it needs not much imagination to know with what result to health such a practice will lead if the first person be in scarlet fever or smallpox4 ,dr4 ,hutton offers a warning on the reckless manner in which parents allow their healthy children to run into the houses of acquaintances who have members of their families suffering from scarlatina1 etc41 and states that he has seen the infection thus carried from the patient1 and several families attacked4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,toughened ,,glass ,,making ,,in ,,brooklyn4 ,a ,world reporter has lately visited the works in ,brooklyn where the manufacture of the ,la ,bastie toughened glass is now in active progress4 ,the manufacturer states that1 in ,june last1 his factory was destroyed by fire1 and the introduction of the glass into our markets has for that reason been delayed4 ,only one kind of goods1 lamp chimneys1 are now made1 and the process is as follows3 ,a workman1 having in his hand a pole about eight feet long1 with a knob on the end of the size of a lamp burner1 fits a chimney on the knob and plunges it into the flame of a furnace4 ,he with-draws it twice or thrice that it may not heat too quickly1 turning the pole rapidly the while1 and when the glass reaches a red heat quickly shoots it into one of a dozen small baths fixed on a revolving table1 and seizes another chimney4 ,a boy keeps the revolving table always in position1 and as the chimneys come around to him1 having been the proper time in the bath1 he takes them out to be dried1 sorted1 cleaned1 and packed4 ,the bath has to be of just the right temperature1 as1 if it be too hot or too cold1 the chimneys are liable to explode4 ,in either case the process of annealing is imperfect4 ,by working the tables at a certain rate1 the baths are kept at the right temperature by the immersion of the red hot glass4 ,oil or tallow is used in the bath4 ,any greasy substance will do1 though tallow has proved most satisfactory4 ,m4 ,de la ,chapelle1 the manufacturer1 states that he has already sold #aej1jjj worth of the chimneys4 ,the toughened chimneys are about #fj per cent dearer than those of ordinary glass4 ,the factory is in ,delavan street1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,alexander ,,bain1 ,,electrician4 ,this ingenious man1 whose inventions in connection with the electric telegraph entitle his name to be held in grateful remembrance1 died in ,january last at the new ,home for ,incurables at ,broomhill1 ,kirkintilloch1 near ,glasgow1 ,scotland1 and on ,saturday his remains were interred in the burying ground in the neighborhood of that town known as the ,old ,aisle ,cemetery4 ,mr4 ,bain1 who was about sixty-six years of age1 was a native of ,thurso4 ,he was the inventor of the electro-chemical printing telegraph1 the electro-magnetic clock1 and of perforated paper for automatic transmission of messages1 and was author of a number of books and pamphlets relating to these subjects4 ,sir ,william ,thomson1 in his address to the ,mathematical ,section of the ,british ,association at its meeting in ,glasgow last year1 said3 ,in the ,united ,states ,telegraphic ,department of the ,great ,exhibition at ,philadelphia1 ,i saw ,edison's automatic telegraph delivering #a1jae words in #eg seconds4 ,this was done by the long neglected electro-chemical method of ,bain1 long ago condemned in ,england to the helot work of recording from a relay1 and turned adrift as needlessly delicate for that4 ,mr4 ,bain was stricken by paralysis1 and suffered from complete loss of power in the lower limbs4 ,for some time he had received a pension from the government1 obtained for him1 we believe1 through the instrumentality of ,sir ,william ,thomson4 ,mr4 ,bain was a widower1 and has left a son and daughter1 the former of whom is in ,america1 and the latter at present on the ,continent4 ,photographs of him by ,mayall were recently presented to the ,society of ,telegraph ,engineers and the ,american ,society of ,telegraphers at ,philadelphia4 --,the ,engineer4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,self-,,reliance ,,necessary ,,to ,,success4 ,self-reliance1 conjoined with promptitude in the execution of our undertakings1 is indispensable to success4 ,and yet multitudes live a life of vacillation and consequent failure1 because they remain undetermined what to do1 or1 having decided that1 have no confidence in themselves4 ,such persons need to be assured2 but this assurance can be obtained in no other way than by their own successes in whatever they may attempt for themselves4 ,if they lean upon others1 they not only become dissatisfied with what they achieve1 but the success of one achievement1 in which they are entitled to but partial credit1 is no guaranty to them that1 unaided1 they will not fail in their very next experiment4 ,for want of self-reliance and decision of character1 thousands are submerged in their first essays to make the voyage of life4 ,disappointed and chagrined at this1 they underestimate their own capacities1 and thenceforward1 relying on others1 they take and keep a subordinate position1 from which they rise1 when they rise at all1 with the utmost difficulty4 ,when a young man attains his majority1 it is better for him1 as a general rule1 to take some independent position of his own1 even though the present remuneration be less than he would obtain in the service of others4 ,when at work for himself1 in a business which requires and demands foresight1 economy1 and industry1 he will naturally develop the strong points of his character1 and become self-reliant4 ,a glance at the business men of any community will show who have and who have not improved the opportunities of their earlier years4 ,the former transact their business with ease1 promptitude1 and profit4 ,they rely upon themselves1 and execute what they have to do with energy and dispatch4 ,but those who shirked everything in their youth are compelled to rely on their clerks and salesmen for advice1 and are never ready to act when occasions of profit arise4 ,many parents commit a lamentable error in this respect4 ,they lead their children to believe that they can do nothing without the constant assistance of their superiors1 and after awhile the child becomes impressed with that idea4 ,fortunate will it be for him when he emerges from the parental roof1 if he can at once acquire the self-reliance which has been kept down at home--otherwise he must necessarily fail in whatever independent enterprise he undertakes2 and in such a case1 while the misfortune is his own1 the fault lies at the door of misjudging parents rather than at his own4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,something ,,to ,,do4 ,it is an old trick of despots1 and a good one1 to employ their subjects4 ,why8 ,to keep them out of mischief1 ,employed men are most contented4 ,there is no conspiracy4 ,men do not sit down and coolly proceed to concoct iniquity so long as there is plenty of pleasant and profitable employment for body and mind4 ,work drives off discontent1 provided there is compensation in proportion to the amount of labor performed4 ,there must be a stimulant4 ,god never intended a man should sweat without eating of the fruits of his labor--reaping a reward--more than he intended the idle man should revel in plenty and grow gouty on luxuries4 ,industry is a great peacemaker--a mind-your-own-business citizen4 ,something to do renders the despairing good-natured and hopeful--stops the cry of the hungry1 and promotes all virtue4 ,the best men are the most industrious2 the most wealthy work the hardest4 ,they always find something to do4 ,do you ever wonder that men of wealth do not retire and enjoy their substance8 ,we know some young men look forward with anticipation to the time of retiring4 ,it is doubtful if a man should ever retire from business as long as he lives4 ,we think we know men who1 were they to abandon business1 would be ruined1 not pecuniarily1 but mentally--their lives would be shortened4 ,god never intended man's mind should become dormant4 ,it is governed by fixed laws4 ,those laws are imperative in their exactions4 ,something to do6 ,oh1 if ,i had something to do6 ,there are young men who sigh for it1 yet one thing they can do--that is1 seek for a job4 ,once found1 provided it is an honest one1 do not hesitate to perform it1 even if it does not pay as well as you expected4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,moneyed ,,men4 ,the ,cleveland ,herald said1 twenty years ago1 during a stringency of the times1 that moneyed men are the veriest cravens on earth3 so timid1 that on the least alarm they pull their heads1 turtle-like1 within their shells1 and1 snugly housed1 hug their glittering treasure until all fear is removed4 ,the consequence is that a few days' disturbance of the monetary atmosphere brings on a perfect dearth of not only the precious metals1 but even of paper money1 their representative4 ,moneyed men never adopt the tactics of mutual support2 hence1 as soon as a shot is fired into the flock1 they scatter1 each looking out for himself1 each distrustful of the other1 and each recognizing only the great law of selfishness1 which is to take care of number one4 ,courage has saved many an army1 even when ammunition was low2 and many a foe has been scattered by one yell of defiance when there was not a cartridge left4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,books ,,and ,,publications4 ,,archology1 ,,or ,,the ,,science ,,of ,,government4 ,by ,s4,v4 ,blakeslee4 ,price #a4be4 ,new ,york and ,san ,francisco3 ,a4 ,roman ,co4 ,this book is a very metaphysical treatise on theories of government and the duties of citizens to the law1 each other1 and themselves4 ,theoretical politics are little in favor with thinking men of this day2 and the social difficulties of our age will have to be solved by practical wisdom founded on experience4 ,the people that knows that a certain course of legislation has destroyed an empire1 and that a contrary policy has developed one1 will care little as to whether or not the will controls the feelings by mediate and indirect force4 ,we are unable to find in this book any attempt to apply the finely worded theories stated to practical use and popular instruction in political science4 ,,graphical ,,analysis ,,of ,,roof ,,trusses1 ,,for ,,the ,,use ,,of ,,engineers1 ,,architects1 ,,and ,,builders4 ,by ,charles ,e4 ,greene1 ,a4,m41 ,professor of ,civil ,engineering in the ,university of ,michigan4 ,chicago1 ,ill3 ,george ,h4 ,frost4 ,the author of this work truly says that any designer who fairly tries the graphical method will be pleased with the simplicity and directness of the analysis1 even for apparently complex forms4 ,the hindrance to the general use of the method is the want of knowledge of the higher mathematics1 which are largely used in most treatises on the subject4 ,professor ,greene has avoided this stumbling block1 and given us a treatise which may be understood and appreciated by any one of common school education4 ,we therefore give his work a hearty commendation1 and we hope that every carpenter and builder may be induced to analyze the stresses which affect the different parts of structures1 which he can readily do by carefully reading this volume4 ,,the ,,hub3 a ,journal devoted to the ,carriage ,building ,trades4 ,published monthly4 ,subscription price1 #c4jj a year4 ,new ,york city3 ,the ,hub ,publishing ,company1 #cbc ,pearl street4 ,this journal is widely known for its accurate and extended information as to carriage building1 trimming1 lining1 painting1 etc42 and since its first issue it has maintained its reputation1 and given the public an immense amount of instruction in a spirited and practical manner4 ,the illustrations and typography are excellent1 and every number shows how extended an area it serves as an authority on the important industry to which it is devoted4 ,,assignats ,,and ,,mandats3 the ,money and the ,finances of the ,french ,revolution of #aghi4 ,by ,stephen ,d4 ,dillaye4 ,price1 free by mail1 #cj cents4 ,philadelphia1 ,pa43 ,henry ,carey ,baird ,co41 #haj ,walnut street4 ,mr4 ,dillaye differs with the ,hon4 ,a4,d4 ,white1 ,president of ,cornell ,university1 as to the relative merits of money and promises to pay money2 and he begins with the assertion that the ,president's object is to depreciate ,american credit1 stability1 and honor4 ,further perusal1 to ascertain the meaning of this attack on a patriotic and useful member of society1 shows us what ,mr4 ,dillaye thinks he means4 ,he talks of credit being the vital element of national power2 and from this he argues that the more credit a nation has--that is1 the deeper it is in debt--the more powerful it becomes4 ,in short1 he confuses credit as opposed to discredit with credit as opposed to cash--a grievous blunder1 surely4 ,a nation's credit is like a merchant's2 it becomes greater only as his debts become smaller2 and people trust a government for the same reason as they trust an individual1 mainly because every previous obligation has been honorably observed4 ,it is gratifying to know that persons of ,mr4 ,dillaye's way of thinking are few and unimportant1 and their number is diminishing daily4 ,,croton ,,water ,,supply ,,for ,,the ,,city ,,of ,,new ,,york3 an ,address by ,george ,b4 ,butler to the ,new ,york ,municipal ,society4 ,new ,york city3 ,published by ,order of the ,society1 #hg ,madison avenue4 ,a review of the whole subject of our water supply1 its sources and the area they drain1 the geographical features of the district1 and the works erected by the city4 ,mr4 ,butler maintains that the ,croton valley1 with proper storage reservoirs1 can abundantly supply the whole city2 and that no new aqueduct need be constructed in the present condition of the public debt4 ,,eine ,,kurze ,,allgemeine ,,einleitung ,,zu ,,den ,,aromatischen ,,nitroverbindungen4 ,von ,peter ,townsend ,austen4 ,leipzig1 ,germany3 ,winter1 ,publisher4 ,we are glad to see that an ,american is able to publish a very useful chemical treatise in ,germany1 the great head center of chemistry4 ,dr4 ,austen1 one of our most distinguished young chemists in the field of original research1 has produced a work which bears the marks of much patient thought and study4 ,the book is dedicated to the renowned ,german chemist1 ,professor ,a4,w4 ,hofmann4 ,,our ,,young ,,folks' ,,magazine3 a ,monthly ,journal of ,instruction and ,amusement4 ,subscription price1 #a4fj a year4 ,boston1 ,mass43 ,post ,office ,box #cjij4 ,a readable little periodical1 well calculated to amuse the little ones for whom it is intended4 ,,glass ,,for ,,the ,,studio ,,and ,,dark ,,room4 ,by ,thomas ,gaffield4 ,philadelphia1 ,pa43 ,benerman ,wilson4 ,there is much useful information in this little pamphlet1 and photographers especially should read it4 ,the matter first appeared in the ,philadelphia ,photographer4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,recent ,,american ,,and ,,foreign ,,patents 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,agricultural ,,inventions4 ,,improved ,,gang ,,plow4 ,ezra ,peak1 ,montana1 ,kan4--,this invention is so constructed that it may be easily raised from and lowered to the ground1 and adjusted to work at any desired depth in the ground4 ,it is claimed to be of lighter draft than plows constructed in the usual way1 also to be simple in construction and inexpensive in manufacture4 ,the wheels1 the faces of which are notched to give them a slight up-and-down movement as they are drawn forward1 slightly jar the plows1 and thus cause them to be easier drawn than when smooth wheels are used4 ,the shaft can be provided with a ratchet wheel and pawl to hold it in any position into which it may be turned2 and to it is attached a rope or chain1 the other end of which1 is attached to the forward end of the frame1 so that by turning the shaft the plows may be raised from1 lowered to1 and adjusted to work at any desired depth in the ground4 ,,improved ,,plow4 ,james ,willis ,hendley1 ,cedar ,hill1 ,n4,c41 assignor to ,david ,n4 ,bennett and ,samuel ,t4 ,wright1 of same place4--,the objects here are simplicity and cheapness of construction1 and such arrangement of parts as will prevent the plow becoming clogged with weeds1 etc4 ,the mold-board is welded to the land side1 or cast in one piece with it1 so that no brace or other connection is required between the mold-board and standard2 secondly1 the curved beam is attached to the heel of the land-side and supported by a brace1 which is bolted to the middle portion of the latter1 and arranged in such relation to the mold-board that a space is left between them1 into which the trash will fall1 and thus be drawn into the furrow and covered4 ,,improved ,,grain ,,drill4 ,george ,w4 ,osborn1 ,parkville1 ,mich4--,this is an improved attachment for seed drills1 for gaging the depth at which the grain shall be deposited in the earth4 ,it consists in an adjustable spring gage bar attached to the shank of each drill tooth1 whereby the teeth may be made to enter the ground a greater or less depth4 ,it is claimed to ensure the planting of seeds at equal depth in hard or soft ground1 and to diminish the draft4 ,,improved ,,horse ,,hay ,,rake4 ,joseph ,b4 ,wakeman and ,john ,l4 ,wager1 ,deposit1 ,n4,y4--,the construction of this implement is such that a large space is afforded beneath the rake head for the collection of hay4 ,the pivots of said rake head back are also brought back1 so that the teeth may be readily raised to discharge the collected hay4 ,by an ingenious lever arrangement the driver is enabled to hold the rake to its work by the pressure of his foot1 and also readily to discharge the hay gathered4 ,,improved ,,bee ,,hive4 ,george ,w4 ,akins1 ,bridgeton1 ,pa4--,in this hive1 holes are bored in the sides of the compartment for ventilation1 and windows are flared for the purpose of inspecting the inside of the hive4 ,a frame is used whenever it is desired to have the honeycomb of any particular shape4 ,it consists of a form of tin or other suitable maternal1 placed on a frame or slide1 and having the shape required in the comb4 ,bees will build inside of the form1 leaving about one fourth inch space between the form and the comb4 ,the tin sheet receives a portion of the refuse matter1 and can be readily taken out and cleaned4 ,on the #ast of ,may the bees are driven out into another hive and the frames examined4 ,three frames are taken out and set in a new box1 and three empty frames are put in their place4 ,the old queen must be put with the new colony1 and half of the bees must be put in each box and shut up1 and put on a stand4 ,the hives are to be opened the next morning4 ,at the next natural swarming time the swarms can be again divided4 ,the hive cannot freeze1 and it is proof against mice4 ,,improved ,,plow ,,stock4 ,robert ,weber1 ,new ,ulm1 ,texas4--,in this invention1 by loosening a nut1 the point of draft attachment may be raised and lowered to cause the plow to work deeper or shallower in the ground1 or turned to one or the other side1 to cause the plow to take or leave land1 and may be secured in place when adjusted by again tightening the nut4 ,,improved ,,combined ,,hay ,,tedder ,,and ,,side ,,rake4 ,john ,huber and ,henry ,snell1 ,girard1 ,ill4--,this machine may be used simply for stirring up and turning the hay1 or for turning the hay and gathering it into windrows4 ,the shaft of a reel revolves in bearings attached to the side bars of the frame near their rear ends4 ,to the bars of the reel are attached spring teeth1 which1 as the machine is drawn forward1 take hold of the hay1 carry it up and over the reel1 and drop it to the ground in the rear of the machine4 ,a carrier takes the hay from the teeth1 when it has been brought to the top of the reel1 carries it over the shaft1 and discharges it into a trough1 down which it slides1 and is deposited in a windrow along one side of the path of the machine4 ,,improved ,,grubbing ,,machine4 ,ira ,burley1 ,redwing1 ,minn4--,this invention consists in the combination of wheels and axle1 tongue1 adjusting bar1 adjustable brace1 uprights1 cross bar1 two ropes1 and four pulley blocks with each other4 ,to the forward end of the tongue is attached a loop or clevis1 to receive an iron pin1 to be driven into the ground to keep the machine from moving about while being used4 ,to the pulley block is swiveled a hook1 to be hooked into a loop1 attached to the forward end of a lever4 ,the rear end of the lever passes through a slot in the upper end of a fulcrum post1 and has a notch formed in its lower side to receive a bolt or pin1 attached to said post to serve as a fulcrum to said lever4 ,several notches are formed in the lever to receive the fulcrum bolt1 to enable the position of the fulcrum post to be adjusted to regulate the leverage1 and as circumstances may require4 ,to the lever is attached a strong clevis1 to receive the hook of the chain1 that is secured to the stump to be pulled4 ,,improved ,,seed ,,planter4 ,daniel ,j4 ,davis1 ,red ,boiling ,springs1 ,tenn4--,in this invention two wheels revolve upon the journals of the axle4 ,upon the end parts of the axle are attached the rear ends of side bars1 the forward ends of which are bolted to the outer sides of the forward ends of the plow beams4 ,the forward ends of the beams are bolted to the ends of the front bar1 to the center of which is secured the forward end of the central bar4 ,to the beams are attached the plows for opening furrows to receive the seed as it passes from the conductor spouts4 ,the lower ends of the spouts or tubes pass in through the sides of the plows1 so as to conduct the seed into the bottom of the furrows before they have been partially filled by the falling in of the soil4 ,the dropping plate is concaved around its dropping holes1 and is provided with a plate that may be adjusted to cover one set of dropping holes to drop the hills twice as far apart as when both sets of holes operate4 ,,improved ,,animal ,,trap4 ,thomas ,n4 ,hughes1 ,muddy ,creek1 ,tenn4--,this trap is for animals of all kinds1 as rats1 mice1 and larger animals1 as foxes1 minks1 coons1 etc41 that are allured by bait1 and is automatically set again by the animal caught1 to be ready for the next animal attracted by the bait4 ,it is divided by a longitudinal partition into two main sections1 in which the working parts are disposed4 ,the entrance at the end of one section has a drop door1 which is arranged back of the same1 resting1 when closed1 on side strips in inclined position1 and being supported on an upright arm1 of a centrally pivoted treadle door1 at the bottom of the trap1 when the trap is set4 ,the treadle door is only required to swing sufficiently on its pivots to release the drop door from the arm1 suitable seats at the under side of the trap1 at both sides of the treadle door1 preventing the door from swinging farther than necessary4 ,the bait is placed1 in a grated receptacle1 near the treadle door1 and entices the animal to pass in1 so as to close the drop door when it arrives at the part of the treadle door near the bait4 ,the back end of this section is perforated or grated to admit light1 which attracts the frightened animal and induces him to pass toward the light4 ,the top part of the trap may be grated to admit air1 and the glass door at the end made to slide1 to admit the taking out of the animals for killing them4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,miscellaneous ,,inventions4 ,,apparatus ,,for ,,the ,,hydration ,,of ,,chlorine ,,gas4 ,william ,maynard1 ,new ,york city4--,this invention relates to an improved construction of apparatus for the hydration of gases1 and more particularly chlorine gas for the manufacture of chlorine water for use in the industrial arts of bleaching1 etc4 ,it consists mainly in a case having an inlet for the water above1 an inlet for the gas below1 and provided with an intermediate water percolating medium2 combined with a reservoir located below the level of the case and having a water-sealed communication therewith1 which reservoir receives the hydrated gases1 and which water seal prevents the heavy gas in the case from passing out through the bottom inlet4 ,the case for the percolation of water and the absorption of the gas is made of conical shape1 with the largest diameter at the bottom1 to produce the greatest absorption of the heavy gas when first admitted2 while horizontal partitions1 or shelves1 in said case are provided with upwardly projecting tubes which hold a permanent surface of water on the said partition or shelves4 ,the tubes permit1 by their peculiar shape1 the water to pass down on one side and the gas up on the opposite side of said tube1 while their alternating arrangement in the alternating shelves gives a zigzag and long continued passage to the gas and water in moving in opposite directions through the case4 ,,improved ,,process ,,of ,,preparing ,,gas ,,fuel4 ,martin ,n4 ,diall1 ,terre ,haute1 ,ind4--,this inventor saturates wood by immersing it in any hydrocarbon oil for from six to twelve hours1 as required by the nature of the wood1 so that it may take up the necessary quantity of oil for the required strength of gas4 ,the wood is then immersed in a bath of water1 for taking up a quantity of water outside the oil1 and is then charged in the retorts1 the same as coal1 and distilled in the same way4 ,by this process the inventor claims that he produces fixed gas equal to coal gas1 much faster1 and with less expense1 the wood and water furnishing the hydrogen1 and the oil furnishing the carbon4 ,,improved ,,fishing ,,line ,,leader4 ,welmer ,t4 ,jahne and ,anthony ,moors1 ,jersey ,city1 ,n4,j4--,this consists of a leader made of spring wire1 bent into ,v form1 provided with a swivel and eye at its middle part1 and with eyes or loops at its ends to receive the line and snells4 ,by this construction the snells and hooks will be kept apart however the line maybe thrown1 and however they and the leader may be turned about by the tide or current4 ,the device is one well calculated to meet with a favorable reception from fishermen4 ,,improved ,,abdominal ,,corset4 ,christina ,lascell1 ,newark1 ,n4,j4--,the object of this invention is to furnish an improved abdominal corset1 which supports the weight of the abdomen in a perfectly comfortable and easy manner1 and throws the strain on the shoulders and hips of the wearer4 ,the corset is adjustable to the varying conditions of the abdomen1 does not interfere with the motion and different positions of the body1 and is readily put on and taken off4 ,it has adjustable elastic shoulder straps1 and opening at the sides by lacings and elastic bands and buttons4 ,the front part of the corset is stiffened by a stay that slides in a pocket to provide for stooping4 ,a central front and lacing admit the front part of the corset to expand4 ,the lower extension part of the corset has short stiffening stays1 and it is connected independently of the upper stays by short side lacing and elastic straps to the side or hip parts of the corset4 ,a hernial band extends from the lowermost part of the corset-extension between the legs to the rear1 and is attached by adjustable hip straps to the sides of the corset4 ,,improved ,,fire ,,escape4 ,john ,f4 ,werner1 ,new ,york city4--,the terrible disaster in the ,brooklyn theater is serving as a stimulus to induce the invention of devices looking to the prevention of a like occurrence4 ,the present inventor has devised a new fire escape for theaters1 concert halls1 and other public places of amusement1 by which the space at the upper parts of the entrances1 halls1 or vestibules of the buildings is utilized for the purpose of forming additional passage ways for the persons in the buildings1 to be used in case of fire for the more convenient and less dangerous exit of the same4 ,the invention consists1 mainly1 of a movable floor1 suspended by chains1 pulleys1 and weights1 near the ceiling of the entrances1 and lowered in case of fire4 ,it is supported on projecting rests of the side walls1 at suitable height above the floor4 ,sliding extensions and swinging stairs and rear sections connect with the ground outside of the door1 and with the staircases of the gallery1 so as to form separate exits above the regular entrances4 ,,improved ,,electro-,,magnetic ,,dental ,,plugger4 ,james ,e4 ,dexter1 ,new ,york city4--,this invention consists1 first1 in a magnet having a centrally bored iron core1 surrounded by a magnetic coil1 which is enveloped by an iron shell that is concentric with the central core1 and is attached to a flange formed on the lower end of the said central core4 ,one side of both shell and core are split for the purpose of obviating residual magnetism4 ,the invention also consists in combining a spring yoke1 a vibrator1 and a spring contact piece1 as hereinafter particularly described4 ,the third part of this invention consists in the arrangement of the key for completing the circuit1 which is made with an insulating exterior1 and is provided with one of the termini of the magnet coil1 and bears against the side of the key to insure a constant contact of the surfaces4 ,the various parts of the plugger are combined1 so that pressing the key with the finger makes the circuit1 and a succession of regular strokes is produced1 the force of which may be varied by an adjusting screw4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,mechanical ,,and ,,engineering ,,inventions4 ,,improved ,,cotton ,,gin4 ,joseph ,w4 ,thorn1 ,iuka1 ,miss41 assignor to himself and ,m4,w4 ,beardsley1 of same place4--,in this machine there is a new construction of the brush drum for simplifying the same1 and facilitating the application of the brush wings1 so that they can be readily taken off and put on2 also1 an arrangement of the ribs between the saws for facilitating the separating of the seed from the cotton without breaking and injuring the fiber4 ,there are also ingenious devices for preventing the seed from gathering and clogging at the ends of the saw drum4 ,,improved ,,safety ,,check ,,for ,,elevators4 ,nathan ,h4 ,fogg1 ,boston1 ,mass4--,when the car is suspended normally from the rope1 the rubber balls1 arranged in sockets near the lower part of the car1 are supported on their seats in a state of rest2 but the instant that the rope breaks or gets detached from the bolt the action of a spiral spring throws an actuating plate downward1 and levers and ball-carrying rods upward4 ,the balls are thus thrown off their seats and wedged between the inclined sides of the pockets and the guide posts of the elevator so as to stop thereby the car4 ,,improved ,,combination ,,lock4 ,achille ,parise1 ,naples1 ,italy4--,this is a new combination lock for doors1 trunks1 safes1 etc41 that admits of a large number of combinations1 and may be opened and closed quickly4 ,it consists of sliding tumbler plates1 having longitudinal slots and a number of perforations placed at different relative positions to the slots of each tumbler4 ,the trunks are connected by screw set pins attached to face slides1 and passing through any one of the perforations1 admitting the setting of the tumblers and opening of the lock by outer projections or buttons of the slides to fixed exterior guides4 ,,improved ,,machine ,,for ,,wiring ,,and ,,binding ,,hats4 ,mari ,a4 ,cuming and ,judson ,knight1 ,new ,york city4--,this is a machine for binding hats1 felt skirts1 and similar articles1 by a uniform and parallel pressure on the rims1 and by facilitating the applying and taking off of the articles from the machine1 and accomplishing the cutting of the binding or braid and wire in a reliable and improved manner4 ,pressure rollers attach the binding and the wire1 if one is required1 in connection with a grooved gage that is supported on a seat of the shaft of the lower pressure roller4 ,the wire is guided by annular recesses or chamferings at the rear circumference of the pressure rollers and the groove of the gage4 ,the gage is so connected to its seat that it may be turned and another guide groove of the same be exposed to face the pressure rollers1 so as to adapt the same for a variety of work4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,business ,,and ,,personal ,the ,charge for ,insertion under this head is ,one ,dollar a line for each insertion4 ,if the ,notice exceeds four lines1 ,one ,dollar and a ,half per line will be charged4 99 99 99 99 99 ,manufs4 of ,scissors address ,j4,w4,d4,e41 ,harmony ,grove1 ,ga4 ,for ,sale--#cf in4 ,lathe1 #d4jj2 #gb in4 ,lathe1 #d4ej2 #aj in4 ,pratt ,whiting ,shaper1 #b4ge2 #ce ,h4,p4 ,loco4 ,boiler1 #cjj2 #ab in4 ,lathe1 #fe2 at ,shearman's1 #acb ,n4 #c;d ,st41 ,phila4 ,iron ,tubing--,wanted1 a yearly supply of #a-d in4 light ,iron ,tubing4 ,address ,p4,o4 box #abej1 ,new ,york city4 ,baxter's ,adjustable ,wrenches--,the best for ,farmers1 ,householders and ,mechanics4 ,greene1 ,tweed ,co41 #ah ,park ,place1 ,n4,y4 ,for ,sale--,baldwin ,no4 #d ,foot ,lathe and fittings2 in perfect order4 ,address ,p4,o4 ,box #aif1 ,clinton1 ,mich4 ,national ,steam ,pump--,simple1 durable1 economical4 ,reduced price4 ,national ,iron ,works1 ,n4 ,brunswick1 ,n4,j4 ,manufs4 and dealers in ,cotton ,gins1 ,grist ,mills1 and ,rice ,hullers and ,polishers1 address with terms1 ,y4,l4 ,ridley1 ,liberty1 ,texas4 ,for ,sale--,patent ,combination ,fruit ,press1 ,filter and ,funnel4 ,an indispensable article in every household4 ,for circulars1 address ,g4,a4 ,newsam1 #aah #c;d ,pl4 ,brooklyn4 ,mill ,stone ,dressing ,diamonds4 ,simple1 effective1 and durable4 ,j4 ,dickinson1 #fd ,nassau ,st41 ,n4,y4 ,will purchase or introduce1 on a reasonable royalty1 some good1 useful article4 ,address1 with description and full particulars1 ,a4,e4 ,lowison1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,mechanical inventors familiar with ,envelope ,manufacturing4 ,l4,j4 ,henry1 #fae ,kearny st41 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 ,set of ,mechanical ,curves1 as illustrated in ,sci4 ,am4 ,supplement1 ,no4 #ej1 mailed on receipt of #e4be1 by ,keuffel ,esser1 ,new ,york4 ,hyatt ,co4's ,varnishes and ,japans1 as to price1 color1 purity1 and durability1 are cheap by comparison than any others extant4 #bdf ,grand st41 ,n4,y4 ,factory1 ,newark1 ,n4,j4 ,send for circular and descriptive price list4 ,lightning ,screw ,plates4 ,a perfect thread at one cut adjustable for wear4 ,frasse ,co41 #fb ,chatham ,st41 ,n4,y4 ,wire ,needle ,pointer1 ,w4 ,crabb1 ,newark1 ,n4,j4 ,power ,foot ,presses1 ,ferracute ,co41 ,bridgeton1 ,n4,j4 ,superior ,lace ,leather1 all sizes1 cheap4 ,hooks and ,couplings for flat and round ,belts4 ,send for catalogue4 ,c4,w4 ,arny1 #adh ,north #c;d ,st41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,f4,c4 ,beach ,co41 makers of the ,tom ,thumb ,telegraph and other electrical machines1 have removed to #ecj ,water ,st41 ,n4,y4 ,for ,best ,presses1 ,dies1 and ,fruit ,can ,tools1 ,bliss ,williams1 cor4 of ,plymouth and ,jay ,sts41 ,brooklyn1 ,n4,y4 ,water1 ,gas1 and ,steam ,pipe1 ,wrought ,iron4 ,send for prices4 ,bailey1 ,farrell ,co41 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 ,walrus ,leather and supplies for polishing ,iron1 ,steel1 and ,brass4 ,greene1 ,tweed ,co41 #ah ,park ,place1 ,n4,y4 ,hydraulic ,presses and ,jacks1 new and second hand4 ,lathes and ,machinery for ,polishing and ,buffing metals4 ,e4 ,lyon1 #dgj ,grand ,st41 ,n4,y4 ,solid ,emery ,vulcanite ,wheels--,the ,solid ,original ,emery ,wheel--other kinds imitations and inferior4 ,caution4--,our name is stamped in full on all our best ,standard ,belting1 ,packing1 and ,hose4 ,buy that only4 ,the best is the cheapest4 ,new ,york ,belting and ,packing ,company1 #cg and #ch ,park ,row1 ,new ,york4 ,steel ,castings from one lb4 to five thousand lbs4 ,invaluable for strength and durability4 ,circulars free4 ,pittsburgh ,steel ,casting ,co41 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 ,m4 ,shaw1 ,manufacturer of ,insulated ,wire for galvanic and telegraph purposes1 c41 #bei ,w4 #bgth ,st41 ,n4,y4 ,shingle1 ,heading1 and ,stave ,machine4 ,see advertisement of ,trevor ,co41 ,lockport1 ,n4,y4 ,for ,solid ,wrought iron ,beams1 etc41 see advertisement4 ,address ,union ,iron ,mills1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa41 for lithograph1 etc4 ,articles in ,light ,metal ,work1 ,fine ,castings in ,brass1 ,malleable ,iron1 c41 ,japanning1 ,tinning1 ,galvanizing4 ,welles ,specialty ,works1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,see ,boult's ,paneling1 ,moulding1 and ,dovetailing ,machine at ,centennial1 ,b4 #h-ee4 ,send for pamphlet and sample of work4 ,b4,c4 ,mach'y ,co41 ,battle ,creek1 ,mich4 ,wanted--,novel and practical invention1 by a reliable house1 for manufacturing4 ,address ,post ,office1 ,box #be1 ,chillicothe1 ,ohio4 ,chester ,steel ,castings ,co4 make castings twice as strong as malleable iron castings1 at about the same price4 ,see their advertisement on page #abe4 ,hand ,fire ,engines1 ,lift and ,force ,pumps for fire and all other purposes4 ,address ,rumsey ,co41 ,seneca ,falls1 ,n4,y41 ,u4,s4,a4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,notes ,,queries 99 99 99 99 99 ,s4,j4,s4 will find good recipes for laundry soaps on pp4 #cca1 #cgi1 vol4 #ca4 ,for toilet soaps1 see p4 #bhi1 vol4 #bh4--;,b4,f4,t4 will find directions for putting a black finish on brass on p4 #cfb1 vol4 #be4--;,j4,c4,s4 will find directions for coloring a meerschaum pipe on p4 #ij1 vol4 #cf4--;,a4,b4 will find a good recipe for ,babbitt metal on p4 #abb1 vol4 #bh4--;,g4,a4,d4 will find directions for coloring butter with annatto on p4 #ahg1 vol4 #ca4--,l4,o4,j4 will find something on iceboats sailing faster than the wind on p4 #ajg1 vol4 #cf4--;,j4,m4,l4 will find directions for clarifying cotton seed oil on p4 #ia1 vol4 #cf4--;,d4,v4 will find a good recipe for shoe polish on p4 #ajg1 vol4 #cf4--;,a4,b4 will find directions for japanning on metal on p4 #djh1 vol4 #cj4--,t4,s4,d4 will find recipes for all kinds of colored fires on p4 #bjc1 vol4 #cd4--;,g4,s4,c4 can fasten his paper labels to wood with flour paste4--,w4,r4,b4 will find directions for dyeing billiard balls on p4 #hh1 vol4 #cd4--;,g4,w4,m4 will find directions for making raisins on p4 #ei1 vol4 #cd4--,t4,f4,t4 will find something on burning petroleum in steam boilers on p4 #afe1 vol4 #cj4--,s4,b4,u4 will find some illustrations of lathes for turning spokes1 tool handles1 etc41 on p4 #hh1 vol4 #cf4--,w4,e4,p4 will find a formula for safety valves on p4 #ccj4 vol4 #cb4--;,a4,o4 will find directions for removing mildew on p4 #ach1 vol4 #bg4 ,for mending rubber boots1 etc41 see p4 #bjc1 vol4 #cj4--,w4,c4,l4 will find directions for preserving eggs on p4 #cjf1 vol4 #cd4--,r4,m4,g4 will find a recipe for root beer on p4 #ach1 vol4 #ca4--,w4,f4,h4's plan for a refrigerator might answer4 ,see p4 #bea1 vol4 #ca4--;,j4,c4 can remove the wool from pelts by steeping the skins in water1 and hanging them up till the wool putrifies4 ,then scrape with a blunt knife4 ,for cleansing wool1 see p4 #f1 vol4 #cb4--,w4,h4,j4 will find a recipe for a cement for marble on p4 #cdd1 vol4 #cb4--,t4,b4 can gild his steel scabbard by following the directions given on p4 #ajf1 vol4 #cd4--;,a4,h4,b41 ,j4,a4,c41 ,w4,h4,h41 ,j4,f4,p41 ,d4,s41 ,j4,n4,h41 ,j4,p41 ,f4,f41 ,m4,n41 ,m4,c41 ,r4,c41 ,k4,s4,w41 ,t4,j41 and others1 who ask us to recommend books on industrial and scientific subjects1 should address the booksellers who advertise in our columns1 all of whom are trustworthy firms1 for catalogues 7#a7 ,r4,h4,c4 says3 ,we have a slate roof which leaks very much4 ,i have not discovered any defect in the way in which it was put on2 it appears to be perfect4 ,the pitch may be too low1 and the rain may be driven through by the wind on this account4 ,is there any wash1 paint1 or cement that might be used for the purpose of remedying this defect8 ,a4 ,there is an india rubber paint which is used to make leaky roofs tight1 but we have not learned of its being applied to slate roofs4 7#b7 ,c4,c4,b4 says3 ,i am making a small steam engine4 ,the cylinder has1 inside diameter1 about #a inch with #b inches stroke4 ,what would be the most suitable material and dimensions for the boiler8 ,a4 ,make one #aj or #ab inches in diameter and #ah inches high1 of #a_/h inch iron4 ,you can carry #fj lbs4 steam pressure4 7#c7 ,m4,c4 says3 ,i have had charge of some greenhouses that were erected about four years ago2 they are thoroughly heated1 and all the pipes have a thick coat of black paint4 ,the houses never gave any satisfaction1 no matter how healthy the plants were in the fall4 ,soon after the fires were lighted both leaves and flowers began to drop1 and some plants died4 ,my predecessors attributed it to gas getting into the houses4 ,upon inquiry ,i found no gas was there except when the pipes were hot1 and that the hotter they were the worse it was4 ,in my opinion1 the cause of the trouble was a strong smell of paint from the pipes4 ,since then ,i only keep heat enough to save the plants from freezing4 ,a4 ,from your statement there is no doubt that the paint used on the pipes was an imperfectly purified coal tar4 ,such tar contains a great number of hydrocarbons--naphtha1 naphthalen1 anthracen1 phenol1 several organic alkaloids1 hydrosulphuric and hydrocyanic acids1 etc41 all of which are more or less volatile at the temperature to which they must have been subjected4 ,these exhalations have proved fatal to plant life when in sufficient quantity4 ,we do not know of a better remedy than that of removing the cause4 ,painting the pipes with a strong solution of washing soda and lime would1 in a measure1 prevent the escape of the most objectionable constituents into the air1 by forming with them compounds non-volatile at any temperature to which they are likely to be subjected in contact with the pipes2 but the former would be the surest plan4 7#d7 ,c4,d4,w4 asks3 ,the roof of the new ,illinois ,state ,house1 as well as the stylobate cornices and upper portion of the dome1 are covered with zinc4 ,it has been on about three years1 and ,i am told is materially affected by oxidation4 ,the theory is that zinc1 though subject to oxidization1 has the peculiarity that the oxide does not scale off as from iron1 but forms a permanent coating impervious to the action of the atmosphere4 ,some mechanics1 however1 assert that neither zinc1 copper1 nor lead will withstand the action of our atmosphere1 as bituminous coal strongly impregnated with sulphur is almost the only fuel used4 ,it is claimed by some that the sulphurous acid in the atmosphere tends to corrode zinc so as to make it worthless for roofs or gutter linings4 ,a4 ,are you sure that the roof and gutters in question are not of galvanized iron1 iron coated with zinc8 ,this is the material most commonly used for that purpose at the present time4 ,zinc has been found to be too brittle for the strain to which it is subjected1 in such cases1 by the expansion and contraction induced by changes of temperature4 ,a slight oxidation will adhere to the surface1 but an acid deposit from the atmosphere will penetrate the coating in points and deteriorate the metal4 7#e7 ,n4,j4,s4 says3 ,i have a floor of ash and black walnut which has been oiled with raw linseed oil once4 ,how can ,i finish it so as to get a hard1 smooth finish that will not be scratched by boot heels nor be sticky or retain the dirt as a waxed floor does8 ,a4 ,oil raises the fiber of black walnut and gives it a rougher surface than when free from it4 ,to polish any wood1 it is only necessary to fill the pores well1 and then rub it down to a smooth surface4 ,thus painters prefer to put on a coat of shellac varnish first1 before oiling walnut and other hard woods4 ,for fine floors1 a thin coat of liquid wax is applied as a finish4 7#f7 ,a4,j4,s4 asks3 ,what is the best plan for putting up a cheap dry house of lumber1 for drying 7by steam7 white oak1 hickory1 and other lumber used in wagon and buggy making8 ,a4 ,make as tight a house as possible with tongued and grooved siding-boards1 floors1 roof1 etc41 and provide a stack of steam pipe containing #a foot of heating surface to every #ej cubic feet of air contained in the building4 ,set the steam pipe in compact shape and enclose it with a casing of galvanized sheet iron open at the top2 supply cold air from outside of the building by a boxed conduit to the bottom of this stack4 ,the air when heated will rise and diffuse itself into the room1 and as it cools will fall to the floor2 provide registers in the floor1 through which it may escape into other boxed tubes under the floor leading to an upright chimney discharging above the roof4 ,let a smoke pipe from the boiler enter the chimney and extend up inside the flue far enough to heat the same4 ,the change of air is necessary to dry the lumber4 ,the size of the house of course will depend upon the quantity of material required to be stacked up into it at any one time4 7#g7 ,g4 asks3 #a4 ,how do you calculate the amount of pipe of a given size to warm a room of a given size8 ,a4 ,one square foot of plate or pipe surface is generally taken as sufficient to heat about #gj cubic feet of air in dwellings4 #b4 ,what allowance should be made for doors and windows8 ,a4 ,the said foot of surface will heat1 in accordance with varying conditions1 from #dj to #ajj cubic feet of air1 and allowance should be made for extra exposures1 to correspond with that scale4 ,a steam pressure of #e lbs4 is sufficient for heating purposes4 #c4 ,what is meant by the terms direct and indirect radiation1 in giving capacity of steam generators for heating houses8 ,a4 ,direct radiation is used when the pipes are located in the room1 and indirect when they are located in a chamber in the cellar1 to warm air which is conducted to the room by air pipes4 7#h7 ,d4,m4 says3 ,after reading ,l4,s4,w4's reply to ,j4,b4,c41 p4 #ge 7#f71 vol4 #cf1 ,i think the following demonstration will be more acceptable to ,j4,b4,c43 ,imagine three spheres of which the given circles are great circles1 and a plane tangent to the three spheres4 ,any two of the spheres may be conceived to have been generated by the revolution of two of the circles about the line joining their centers4 ,during such revolution1 the lines tangent to the two circles describe a conical surface4 ,we have1 therefore1 three spheres and three conical surfaces4 ,now the plane1 which is tangent to the three spheres1 is also evidently tangent to the three conical surfaces2 and therefore the vertices of those conical surfaces are all in the tangent plane4 ,now those vertices are the points 7#a71 7#b71 7#c74 ,but the same points are also in the plane passing through the centers of the three spheres1 which is the same with the plane of the paper on which the figure is drawn4 ,those points1 being in two planes at the same time1 must therefore be in the intersection of those planes1 that is to say1 in a straight line4 7#i7 ,c4,w4,h4 asks3 ,can dyeing or coloring be done in cold water8 ,a4 ,many of the coal tar colors may be used in this way3 ,for animal fibers--wool1 silk1 etc4--the affinity of these colors is so great that1 in most instances1 no mordants are necessary4 ,the baths are usually made slightly acid4 ,with vegetable fibers1 however1 a fast dye is not assured without mordanting4 ,some of the finer goods are prepared by treating with steam coagulated albumen 7animalizing71 gelatin1 various tannates1 tin salt1 alum1 and other metallic salts4 ,the following is1 the usual method of treatment1 except with goods intended for very light shades3 ,pass the goods through a strong decoction of sumac or other tannin solution for an hour1 and afterwards for an hour or two through a weak solution of stannate of soda2 wring out1 dip into a dilute solution of sulphuric acid1 and rinse well in water4 ,the goods are then ready to be passed through the color bath1 slightly acidulated4 ,for different tints1 these baths are worked at different temperatures4 7#aj7 ,f4,w4 says3 ,i wish to lay the face tier of a brick wall in black mortar4 ,how can ,i make the coloring material and mix it8 ,a4 ,some prefer to use red mortar and afterwards pencil the joints with black4 ,color the ordinary white mortar with ,spanish brown for red mortar1 and with ivory black for black1 by mixing in enough of the color in a powdered state to give a good deep tone4 7#aa7 ,h4,a4,s4 asks3 #a4 ,how many prisms are required in a spectroscope to detect mineral elements in presence of all the ash ingredients of organic bodies8 ,a4 ,if we understand you1 one #fj prism will answer4 #b4 ,what is the best and cheapest form of apparatus to heat such compounds for examination8 ,a4 ,mix the substance with a little pure hydrochloric acid and glycerin1 and introduce into the flame on a coil of platinum wire4 #a4 ,has soup prepared by dissolving meat bones in a ,papin's digester ever been known to produce ossification of any of the soft tissues8 ,a4 ,we have never heard of such a result4 #b4 ,has it ever been known to produce a new crop of teeth in toothless persons8 ,a4 ,we have no data as to such a fact4 ,i have seen a statement that ,may #ai1 #aghj1 was so dark a day that candles were necessary everywhere2 and ,i have heard that another occurred about the year #ahbj4 ,has any scientific explanation ever been given of this phenomenon8 ,a4 ,the darkness on the days you mention were the result of solar eclipses4 ,they occurred on days of unusual cloudiness4 ,perhaps the darkest day in modern history was that caused by the total solar eclipse in the year #ahjf4 7#ab7 ,a4,b4 says3 #a4 ,i have built a boat #ae feet long and #d feet #f inches wide4 ,how large a boiler and engine do ,i require to work her to best advantage8 ,she is #bb inches deep from top of rail to top of keel4 ,a4 ,cylinder1 #b x #c inches2 boiler1 #bj inches in diameter and #c feet high4 ,propeller1 #ah to #bj inches in diameter1 and of #c feet pitch4 #b4 ,how fast ought she to run8 ,a4 ,probable speed1 #e miles an hour in smooth water4 7#ac7 ,l4,l4 asks3 #a4 ,does it make any difference in what position a watch is in when running8 ,a4 ,for watches adjusted to temperature and position1 it does not make much difference4 #b4 ,when not being carried1 what position should it be left in8 ,a4 ,in the case of ordinary watches1 we imagine that the wear will be rather more uniform when they are in a vertical position4 #c4 ,if a person sleeps in a cola room1 would a watch be better under his pillow than on a table or hung up in the same room8 ,a4 ,it is best not to subject them to great changes of temperature4 7#ad7 ,w4,g4 says1 in reply to ,c4,w4,w41 who has an engine1 of #b-e_/h inches bore and #d inches stroke1 which runs slower with increase of pressure3 ,having had much experience with small engines and boilers1 ,i will state that ,i have had the same difficulty when using an upright tubular boiler1 and discovered the following to be the cause3 ,the upper portions of the tube superheat the steam to such a degree as to prevent lubrication on the valve and piston surface by condensation1 and thereby reduce the speed of engine4 ,even with increased pressure1 this effect will be more appreciable when the area and travel of slide valve are in excess4 7#ae7 ,j4,m4,t4 asks3 ,is there friction between two bodies while at rest1 or only when one or both are in motion8 ,a4 ,both when at rest and in motion4 ,why does a balloon rise in the air8 ,a4 ,see p4 #fd1 vol4 #cb4 7#af7 ,s4,j4,s4 asks3 #a4 ,how are augers twisted8 ,a4 ,by special machinery4 #b4 ,how are twist drills made1 and are they single or double grooved8 ,a4 ,they are double grooved or double twisted1 and are cut out in a milling machine4 ,can weights1 springs1 or water from a tank be used to any advantage to run a lathe8 ,a4 ,no4 ,how much do iron and brass1 in rods or bands1 expand in length when heated to red heat8 ,a4 ,iron about #a_/h inch per foot1 brass #a_/aj inch4 ,is the pressure of the air to be added to the weight of water in the bottom of a vessel in estimating the pressure on the bottom8 ,a4 ,no4 ,does a watch or clock run faster when just wound up8 ,a4 ,no4 ,is it not moisture in the air that makes it heavier1 and so affects the barometer8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,is the pressure in a siphon equal throughout1 or is it greater in the upper end8 ,a4 ,equal throughout4 ,will it take more power to run two millstones in opposite directions than it will to run one at the same speed1 the other being stationary8 ,a4 ,yes1 it will take double the power4 #a4 ,how are common screws made8 ,a4 ,in lathes1 with tools and dies4 #b4 ,how can ,i make wooden screws perfectly smooth8 ,a4 ,by using keen tools4 ,what is the simplest way of cutting a square hole in a bar of iron8 ,a4 ,drill a round hole and square it out4 7#ag7 ,g4,e4,c4 asks3 ,could ,i have a brick range #bc feet1 built on a platform about #a foot from floor1 with two compartments1 to be heated with petroleum1 the lower one to be used as an oven1 the upper one to have a stove top to set cooking utensils on1 and have a ventilating pipe run from each compartment of the oil receptacles into the place in the chimney where the stove pipe usually goes1 to carry away any gas or smoke8 ,i want the oil receptacles to be arranged to be drawn out1 to be filled and trimmed1 and ,i would like four burners to heat an oven #bb inches square1 as hot as the same oven could be heated with wood4 ,a4 ,we doubt the propriety or the economy of substituting oil for wood1 but something may be done to make the atmosphere of kitchens more endurable in summer1 and permanently so in warm climates4 ,a double faced range could be made and set in the center of the thickness of the chimney1 with the space above the top of it open to the exterior of the house2 a very slight structure1 simply having a good floor and roof and open around the sides1 and built against the chimney as an extension to the house1 would answer for a summer kitchen1 while the ordinary kitchen inside the house could be used in winter4 ,the transposition could be made by a pair of iron sliding doors shutting off the kitchen not in use2 and these doors could be transferred from one side of the chimney to the other when the change of season required it4 7#ah7 ,a4,x4,a4 says3 ,in your issue of ,december #b is a recipe in which insoluble acid chromate of lime1 and gelatin are to be used2 and in a succeeding number of your paper the modes of preparing the insoluble acid are given4 ,i have made the acid according to your directions1 but the result of my manipulation of the recipe is a failure4 ,you say3 ,take of insoluble acid chromate of lime one part1 and of gelatin five parts2 but you do not say what further is to be done4 ,will the acid dissolve the gelatin1 or must warm water be added8 ,in my experiment the acid would not dissolve the gelatin1 and ,i had to add considerable warm water before it would do so4 ,a4 ,dissolve the bichromate of lime in the smallest possible quantity of warm water1 and filter2 then add the gelatin1 previously softened by immersion in cold water4 ,heat the mixture over a water bath until the gelatin is completely dissolved1 stir well1 and use while hot4 ,the recipe should have stated that this cement was best suited for glassware4 ,the bichromate of potash or of ammonia will answer nearly as well as the lime salt4 7#ai7 ,e4,c4,n4 asks3 ,how must a stove be constructed to burn pea coal1 for heating outbuildings8 ,is there any way of constructing a draught below the grate of any common heating stove1 sufficiently strong to do without an extra long chimney8 ,a4 ,use a broad grate to spread the coal out well1 so as to avoid the necessity of heaping it up much2 make the opening for the draft some distance below the grate1 and regulate by the usual slide dampers in the lower and upper doors4 ,,minerals1 ,,etc4--,specimens have been received from the following correspondents1 and examined1 with the result stated3 ,f4,r4,r4,s4--,the substance you send is carbonate of iron4 ,it is held in solution in the water by the large excess of carbonic acid which the water contains4 ,on boiling the water the carbonic acid gas is expelled and the iron salt is precipitated from solution4 ,the removal of this and some other objectionable salts which the water very probably contains1 may be removed by the addition of the proper quantity of clear lime water to it--the lime in this instance will combine with the excess of carbonic acid and fall to the bottom together with the carbonate of iron4 ,to determine the precise quantity of lime water requisite1 add the reagent 7saturated solution7 to a small portion 7of known volume7 of the freshly drawn water1 in small quantities at a time1 and with constant stirring until no further precipitate forms4 ,then by a simple operation in proportion the quantity of the reagent necessary for the purification of a given quantity of the well water may be easily determined4 ,an excess of the reagent must be avoided4 ,this impurity would probably prevent the successful working of an injector4 ,w4,s4,w4 asks3 ,how is the best rosin1 used on violin bows1 prepared8--,w4,f4 asks3 ,what is a simple method for washing clay for brick and tile making8--,e4,s4,d4 asks3 ,what is the best kind of wood to construct a guitar8 99 99 99 99 99 ,,communications ,,received4 ,the ,editor of the ,,scientific ,,american acknowledges1 with much pleasure1 the receipt of original papers and contributions upon the following subjects3 ,on ,rheumatism4 ,by ,a4,r4,e4 ,on ,postage ,stamps4 ,by ,e4,b4 ,on ,boiler ,explosions4 ,by ,g4,b4,b4 ,on ,reaching the ,north ,pole4 ,by ,j4,h4,s4 ,on ,heating ,street ,cars4 ,by ,p4,t4 ,on a ,hybrid ,fruit1 ,by ,r4,s4,b4 ,on an ,air ,vessel4 ,by ,j4,t4,r4 ,also inquiries and answers from the following3 ,e4,b4,m4--,f4,f4,f4--,n4,b4,h4--,b4,b4- -,o4,f4--,r4,v4,j4--,f4,m4--,n4,b4,c4--, c4,f4,e4--,w4,t4 --,c4,w4,c4--,t4,f4--,c4,a4,s4--,s4,n4,m 4--,j4,r4,d4--,p4,j4,d4,s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,hints ,,to ,,correspondents4 ,correspondents whose inquiries fail to appear should repeat them4 ,if not then published1 they may conclude that1 for good reasons1 the ,editor declines them4 ,the address of the writer should always be given4 ,inquiries relating to patents1 or to the patentability of inventions1 assignments1 etc41 will not be published here4 ,all such questions1 when initials only are given1 are thrown into the waste basket1 as it would fill half of our paper to print them all2 but we generally take pleasure in answering briefly by mail1 if the writer's address is given4 ,hundreds of inquiries analogous to the following are sent3 ,who sells a tool for truing up a crosshead wrist8 ,who sells tools for refitting steam valves without unscrewing them from the pipes8 ,who sells spoke-turning lathes8 ,who makes machinery for freeing wool of burrs and dirt8 ,where can tungsten1 or tungsten steel1 be procured1 and at what price8 ,who sells silicate of alumina and silicate of potash8 ,all such personal inquiries are printed1 as will be observed1 in the column of ,business and ,personal1 which is specially set apart for that purpose1 subject to the charge mentioned at the head of that column4 ,almost any desired information can in this way be expeditiously obtained4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,official4 ,,index ,,of ,,inventions ,,for ,,which ,,letters ,,patent ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,,were ,,granted ,,in ,,the ,,week ,,ending ,january #ah1 #ahgg1 ,,and ,,each ,,bearing ,,that ,,date4 ,those marked 7r7 are reissued patents4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a complete copy of any patent in the annexed list1 including both the specifications and drawings1 will be furnished from this office for one dollar4 ,in ordering1 please state the number and date of the patent desired1 and remit to ,munn ,co41 #cg ,park ,row1 ,new ,york city4 99 99 99 99 99 ,abdominal corset1 ,c4 ,lascell #ahf1beh ,acoustic telegraph1 ,t4,a4 ,edison #ahf1ccj ,advertising card1 ,h4 ,mahler #ahf1bji ,air compressor1 ,j4 ,clayton #ahf1cjf ,air compressor1 ,w4,f4 ,garrison #ahf1ccf ,animal trap1 ,t4,n4 ,hughes #ahf1beb ,annealing furnace1 ,h4,b4 ,chess #ahf1djd ,atomizer1 ,w4 ,kennish #ahf1bjh ,axle tree1 trussed1 ,j4,b4 ,brewster #ahf1bbg ,barbed fence1 ,c4,f4 ,washburn #ahf1chi ,bee hive1 ,g4,w4 ,akins #ahf1bbc ,belt shipping attachment1 ,r4 ,denmark #ahf1cah ,blotter and paper clip1 ,c4,b4 ,farrington #ahf1bhh ,bone black1 cooling1 ,c4 ,doscher #ahf1cbg ,book back1 metallic1 ,i4 ,reynolds #ahf1baf ,bottle and basket1 ,e4 ,cusenier1 ,sr #ahf1caa ,bottle for hair dye1 ,t4 ,divine #ahf1cba ,bottle stopper1 ,e4,b4 ,requa #ahf1bgj ,bread cutter1 ,g4,b4 ,heath #ahf1bdh ,brick and tile lifter1 ,braislin ,wood #ahf1cjc ,broom1 ,w4,m4 ,jackson #ahf1bed ,brush handle1 ,i4,l4 ,landis #ahf1cii ,buckle1 ,g4,f4 ,eberhard #ahf1cbi ,buffing roll1 ,l4,s4 ,graves #ahf1bje ,butter press1 ,w4,s4 ,alexander #ahf1bbd ,button1 ,d4 ,wilcox #ahf1cib ,call bell1 ,a4,c4 ,gould #ahf1cch ,car axle lubricator1 ,r4 ,macdonald #ahf1ced ,car coupling1 ,o4 ,m4 ,crum #ahf1cac ,car coupling1 ,j4,w4 ,skeele #ahf1cgc ,car roof1 ,h4 ,aldridge #ahf1ahh ,car roof1 ,h4 ,aldridge #ahf1ahi ,cards for fibers1 making1 ,yates ,kellett #ahf1cif ,cartridge1 ,j4,p4 ,white #ahf1bbj ,chamber vessel1 ,j4,c4 ,moore #ahf1bfd ,clamp for ratchet drills1 ,l4 ,beland #ahf1bbe ,cloth1 folding and scouring1 ,r4,d4 ,nesmith #ahf1cfc ,clothespin1 ,w4,s4 ,davis #ahf1cad ,clutch1 ,a4,b4 ,bean #ahf1bif ,coffee pot1 ,w4,w4 ,stevens #ahf1cgh ,combination lock1 ,a4 ,parise #ahf1bfh ,combination lock1 ,g4 ,winter #ahf1cic ,combination tool1 ,i4,u4 ,malphurs #ahf1bei ,combustible1 ,j4,b4,d4 ,cassinelli #ahf1bid ,corn planter1 ,w4 ,gilman #ahf1bjc ,corn planter1 ,j4,l4,g4 ,schmidt #ahf1bge ,corn planter and cultivator1 ,e4,c4 ,gage #ahf1bdd ,corn popper1 ,g4,p4 ,sisson #ahf1bgi ,corset1 ,j4 ,mayer1 #ahf1baj ,cotton gin1 ,j4,w4 ,thorn #ahf1chc ,cotton holder1 dental1 ,t4 ,cogswell #ahf1cjg ,curtain fixture1 ,collins ,saltsgaver #ahf1aih ,curtain fixture1 ,j4,b4 ,marshall #ahf1ceg ,dial telegraph1 ,j4,h4,c4 ,watts #ahf1bhc ,door and gate fastener1 ,j4 ,gibbs #ahf1ccg ,door hanger1 ,w4,e4 ,warner #ahf1chh ,door retainer1 ,r4,e4 ,dietz #ahf1cai ,drop light1 ,j4,a4 ,evarts #ahf1ccb ,egg beater1 ,g4,p4 ,sisson #ahf1bgh ,egg carrier1 ,l4 ,inglee #ahf1bec ,electric gas lighting1 ,c4,h4 ,hinds #ahf1cdc ,electro harmonic telegraph1 ,e4 ,gray #ahf1cdj ,electric dental plugger1 ,j4,e4 ,dexter #ahf1bcd ,elevator1 safety check1 ,n4,h4 ,fogg #ahf1bda ,fabrics1 winding up1 ,g4,e4 ,jones #ahf1bef ,feed apparatus1 punching1 ,j4 ,morgan #ahf1bab ,feed bag for horses1 ,g4,c4 ,booth #ahf1cja ,fence post1 ,p4,j4 ,rickard #ahf1bga ,fire place1 ,h4,f4 ,watson #ahf1cij ,fire place heater1 ,j4,k4 ,dimmick #ahf1cbj ,fire place1 portable1 ,t4,c4 ,nativel #ahf1cfa ,fish scrap1 treating1 ,s4,l4 ,goodale #ahf1bjd ,fly fan1 ,h4,b4 ,baker #ahf1bib ,fly fan1 ,w4,r4 ,fowler #ahf1bdc ,folding chair1 ,b ,f4 ,little #ahf1cec ,friction wheel1 ,e4 ,brauer #ahf1cjd ,fruit or paint can1 ,w4,h4 ,fowler #ahf1ccc ,furnace1 evaporating1 ,j4 ,kitchen #ahf1cdi ,furnace1 smelting1 ,g4,w4 ,swett 7r7 #g1dfh ,gang plow1 ,w4 ,fruhling #ahf1cce ,gang plow1 ,e4 ,peak #ahf1bfi ,gas and air carbureter1 ,boomer ,randall #ahf1cjb ,gas governor1 ,j4,r4 ,blossom #ahf1bii ,gas1 manufacturing1 ,j ,g4 ,hunt #ahf1bjg ,gas retort cover1 ,a4 ,schwarz #ahf1bgf ,gate1 ,d4 ,scherer #ahf1bgd ,gill net1 ,d4,w4 ,s4,h4 ,davis #ahf1bcb ,grafting machine1 ,e4 ,walters #ahf1bai ,grain binder1 ,j4,m4 ,rosebrooks #ahf1bgb ,grain separator1 ,o4,j4 ,chubbuck #ahf1bcj ,grain separator1 ,t4,j4 ,doyle #ahf1bce ,grubbing machine1 ,i4 ,burley #ahf1bbh ,hand truck1 ,h4,r4 ,ferris #ahf1bcg ,hat bodies1 washing1 ,t4,c4 ,beatty #ahf1bie ,hats1 wiring and binding4 ,cuming ,knight #ahf1cab ,hay tedder and side rake1 ,huber ,snell #ahf1cdf ,high pressure hot air engine1 ,o4 ,stenberg #ahf1cgg ,hook for drawrods1 ,m4,b4 ,eskine #ahf1bcf ,hoops1 racking1 ,s4 ,parker #ahf1cfe ,horse power1 traverse pinion1 ,j4,a4 ,field #ahf1bch ,horseshoe1 weighted1 ,e4,e4 ,seixas #ahf1bgg ,hose nozzle1 ,m4,s4 ,curtis #ahf1caj ,hot air furnace1 ,j4,c4 ,sanborn #ahf1bag ,hydraulic motor1 ,j4,m4 ,bois #ahf1aie ,indexer1 ,j4 ,suter #ahf1chb ,indicator for liquids1 ,i4 ,levi #ahf1djj ,insects1 destroying1 ,j4,b4 ,margarit #ahf1bfj ,iron fence1 ,nellis ,guttridge #ahf1cfb ,key board1 musical1 ,b4 ,bishop #ahf1bih ,knob roses to doors1 ,w4,a4 ,barlow #ahf1aid ,lamp burner1 ,h4,h4 ,doty #ahf1bja ,lamp chimney1 ,s4,w4 ,fowler 7r7 #g1dfc ,lathe chuck1 metal1 ,j4,h4 ,harris #ahf1bde ,leather-covered nut1 ,l4,t4 ,smith #ahf1cge ,letter scales1 ,j4,v4,h4 ,nott #ahf1bfg ,lifting jack1 ,c4,f4 ,davis #ahf1cae ,lifting jack1 ,f4,m4 ,lottridge #ahf1djb ,lifting jack1 ,d4,m4 ,ross #ahf1cfh ,lighting alarm clocks1 ,h4,j4 ,w4,d4 ,davies #ahf1cag ,limekiln1 ,j4,w4 ,devling #ahf1bcc ,lock for drawers1 etc41 ,g4,w4 ,baker #ahf1aib ,locomotive engine1 ,w4 ,wells #ahf1bhe ,loom1 ,l4,j4 ,knowles #ahf1cej ,loom1 ,smith ,skinner #ahf1cgd ,looms1 preparing warps for1 ,w4 ,heaton #ahf1bdi ,molasses gate1 ,s4 ,barker #ahf1aic ,multifold pipe coupling1 ,e4,a4 ,leland #ahf1cea ,muzzle bit for horses1 ,a4,j4 ,short #ahf1cga ,newspaper file1 ,p4,e4 ,sloan #ahf1bhj ,odorless air closet1 ,g4,r4 ,moore #ahf1bff ,odorless receptacle1 ,g4,r4 ,moore #ahf1bfe ,oiler1 ,s4,s4 ,newton #ahf1cfd ,ordnance1 ,s4 ,crispin #ahf1cjh ,ore and coal jigger1 ,g4 ,schmauch #ahf1cgj ,ores1 process of treating1 ,g4,d4 ,wyckoff #ahf1bbb ,paper box1 ,r4,h4 ,foster #ahf1bdb ,paper1 cloth1 etc41 machine for cutting1 ,e4 ,allen #ahf1aij ,paper cutting machine1 ,p4 ,mc,aleer #ahf1bfb ,paper dish1 ,s4,e4 ,harlow #ahf1bdg ,paper folding machine1 ,l4,c4 ,crowell #ahf1cji ,paper1 folding1 ,s4,d4 ,tucker #ahf1chd1 #ahf1che ,pasting machine1 ,t4 ,goodall #ahf1cci ,piano forte attachment1 ,e4 ,zachariae #ahf1cig ,pins1 dowels1 etc41 cutting1 ,f4,h4 ,kane #ahf1cdh ,pipes bursting1 preventing1 ,a4 ,bujac #ahf1cje ,plaiting machine1 ,e4,s4 ,harding #ahf1bdf ,plane irons1 adjusting1 ,j4,a4 ,traut #ahf1bha ,plate for stoves1 ,n4,m4 ,simonds #ahf1cgb ,plow attachment1 ,d4,w4 ,hughes #ahf1cdd ,plow stock1 ,r4 ,weber #ahf1bhd ,powder1 compensating1 ,miltimore ,totten #ahf1baa ,printing telegraph transmit1 ,g4,m4 ,phelps #ahf1bae ,pulleys from shafting1 drawing1 ,h4,f4 ,casterline #ahf1bbi ,pulverizing machine1 ,a4,b4 ,lipsey #ahf1dja ,pump1 ,g4,r4 ,mc,crum #ahf1ceh ,quilting frame1 ,h4,t4 ,davis #ahf1caf ,railway brake apparatus1 ,h4,f4 ,knapp #ahf1beg ,railway car1 ,s4,r4 ,o4,v4 ,wallace #ahf1chg ,rake1 self-cleaning1 ,v4,w4 ,blanchard #ahf1cjj ,refrigerating car1 ,j4,m4 ,ayer 7r7 #g1dfg ,refrigerator1 ,g4,h4 ,crisfield #ahf1bjj ,refrigerator1 ,j4,w4 ,stewart #ahf1cgf ,registering fare box1 ,j4,c4 ,strong #ahf1chj ,reversing valve1 engine1 ,bevins1 ,weis ,phillips #ahf1big ,riding saddle1 ,j4,c4 ,miller #ahf1cei ,rotary engine1 ,d4,r4 ,harder #ahf1cdb ,sad iron1 ,baker ,asbury #ahf1bia ,sample garment1 ,l4,e4 ,warner #ahf1bhb ,saw set1 ,c4 ,heinen #ahf1bej ,saw table1 ,g4,e4 ,burt #ahf1aif ,screw for piano stools1 ,g4,w4 ,archer #ahf1aia ,seat1 reversible1 ,j4,e4 ,rugg #ahf1bgc ,seed planter1 ,d4,j4 ,davis #ahf1bca ,seed sower1 ,j4 ,pearce #ahf1bad ,seeder and cultivator1 ,w4,a4 ,van ,brunt 7r7 #g1dff ,separating germs from grain1 ,c4,a4 ,duprez #ahf1cbh ,sheep shears1 ,porterfield ,malin #ahf1cff ,sheet metal can1 ,j4,s4 ,field #ahf1bci ,shirt stud1 ,c4,h4 ,field #ahf1bjb ,shot cartridge1 ,j4,p4 ,white #ahf1cia ,sock and stocking1 ,j4,l4 ,krauser #ahf1cih ,socket for scythe shanks1 ,m4 ,smith #ahf1bah ,sofa bedstead1 ,h4 ,compes #ahf1aii ,spark arrester1 ,w4,s4 ,hudson #ahf1cde ,spark arrester and consumer1 ,t4,e4 ,roberts #ahf1cfg ,spinning frame1 ,g4 ,draper #ahf1cbe ,spinning frame1 ring1 ,g4 ,draper #ahf1cbd ,spinning frame1 ring1 ,w4,f4 ,draper #ahf1cbb ,spinning machine1 ,g4 ,draper #ahf1cbc ,spring back wagon seat1 ,j4,w4 ,wood #ahf1cid ,spring bolt for sliding doors1 etc41 ,a4 ,hance #ahf1cda ,spring for wagons1 auxiliary1 ,a4,w4 ,mc,kown #ahf1bfc ,stalls1 cutting1 ,j4,m4 ,goff 7r7 #g1dfi ,stencil plate1 ,wright ,bryant #ahf1cie ,stove1 ,m4,l4 ,wood #ahf1bhf ,stove pipe1 ,a4,b4 ,allen #ahf1bij ,straw cutter1 ,d4 ,maxwell #ahf1bfa ,tempering steel1 etc41 ,g4,f4 ,simonds 7r7 #g1dfd1 #g1dfe ,tension regulator1 ,g4 ,draper #ahf1cbf ,ticket case1 ,s4 ,strandgaard #ahf1cha ,time attachment for locks1 ,j4 ,sargent #ahf1cfi ,time lock1 ,e4,j4 ,woolley #ahf1bba ,toothbrush1 ,s4 ,woolverton #ahh1bhg ,toy card shooter1 ,c4,w4 ,frost #ahf1ccd ,tubular gang saw1 ,j4,a4 ,balch #ahf1bic ,underground telegraphs1 ,w4 ,mackintosh #ahf1cee1 #ahf1cef ,valve gear of engines1 link for1 ,j4,h4 ,luther #ahf1djc ,vapor burner1 ,w4,c4 ,north #ahf1bac ,variable cut-off1 ,j4 ,fish #ahf1bdj ,vehicle wheel1 ,h4 ,mounts #ahf1cfj ,vehicle wheel1 ,g4,f4 ,almy #ahf1bhi ,velocipede1 ,stineman ,halloway #ahf1cgi ,vent clearer for wash bowls etc41 ,j4,s4 ,hawley #ahf1bjf ,ventilator1 ,j4,b4 ,hill #ahf1bea ,vessels1 lessening draught of1 ,e4 ,ellison #ahf1cca ,wagon end gate1 ,t4,l4 ,black #ahf1bbf ,water closet trunk1 ,e4,a4 ,leland #ahf1ceb ,weaning bit for animals1 ,j4,p4 ,israel #ahf1cdg ,weather strip1 ,e4,c4 ,underwood #ahf1chf ,whirling toy1 ,j4,h4,jenkins #ahf1bee ,wrench1 ,p4 ,chapin1 ,sr #ahf1aig 99 99 99 99 99 ,,designs ,,patented4 #i1gjj1 #i1gja4--;,,chains4--,d4,a4 ,beam1 ,newark1 ,n4,j4 #i1gjb4--;,,brackets4--,o4,f4 ,fogelstrand1 ,kensington1 ,conn4 #i1gjc4--;,,bottle4--,a4,t4 ,francis1 ,paterson1 ,n4,j41 et al4 #i1gjd1 #i1gje4--;,,carpets4--,a4 ,heald1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #i1gjf4--;,,carpets4--,d4 ,mc,nair1 ,boston1 ,mass4 #i1gjg1 #i1gjh4--;,,carpets4--,t4,j4 ,stearns1 ,boston1 ,mass4 #i1gji4--;,,bronze4--,j4,w4 ,tiemann et al41 ,darlington1 ,n4,j4 #i1gaj4--,,shirt ,,front4--,s4 ,weill1 ,new ,york city4 #i1gaa4--;,,desk4--,j4,h4 ,frink1 ,detroit1 ,mich4 ,a copy of any of the above patents may be had by remitting one dollar to ,,munn ,co41 #cg ,park ,row1 ,new ,york city4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,advertisements4 99 99 99 99 99 ,inside ,page1 each insertion #ge cents a line4 ,back ,page1 each insertion #a4jj a line4 ,engravings may head advertisements at the same rate per line1 by measurement1 as the letter press4 ,advertisements must be received at publication office as early as ,friday morning to appear in next issue4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,water ,,wheels4 ,more than four times as many of ,jas4 ,lefell's improved ,double ,turbine ,water ,wheels in operation than any other kind4 #bd sizes made1 ranging from #e #c-d to #if in4 diam4 under heads from #a to #bdj ft4 ,successful for every purpose4 ,large new pamphlet1 the finest ever published1 containing over #cj fine illustrations1 sent free to parties interested in water power4 ,illustration ,,jas4 ,,leffel ,,co41 ,springfield1 ,o41 and #aji ,liberty ,st41 ,new ,york ,city4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,steel ,,castings1 ,from #a-d to #aj1jjj lbs4 weight4 ,an invaluable substitute for expensive forgings or for malleable iron castings requiring great strength4 ,send for circular and price list to ,,chester ,,steel ,,casting ,,company1 ,,evelina ,,street1 ,,philadelphia1 ,,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,george ,c4 ,,hicks ,,co41 ,baltimore1 ,md4 ,,clay ,,retorts1 ,,tiles1 ,,fire ,,bricks1 c4 ,terra ,cotta ,pipes of all sizes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cheapest ,,rotary ,,hand ,,cornsheller ,,in ,,the ,u4,s4 ,guaranteed to be the simplest1 cheapest1 most durable1 effective and the best4 ,buy it4 ,try it and be convinced4 ,samples #a4jj4 ,large profits to agents4 ,address ,harrisburgh ,pa41 ,family ,cornsheller ,co4 ,lock ,box #i4 99 99 99 99 99 ,y4,a4 ,,fay ,,co4 ,,cincinnati1 ,,ohio ,u4,s4,s4 ,,wood ,,working ,,machinery4 ,woodsworth ,planers and matchers1 ,daniels ,dimension ,planers1 ,universal ,wood ,workers1 ,band ,circular ,re-,saws1 ,ripping1 ,edging ,cross-,cutting ,saws1 ,molding1 ,mortising and ,tenoning ,machines1 ,band ,scroll ,saws1 ,carving1 ,boring1 ,shaping1 ,friezing ,sand ,papering ,machines1 ,wood ,lathes ,machinery for ,furniture1 ,car1 ,wheel ,agricultural ,shops4 ,superior to any in use4 ,prices reduced to suit the times4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dayton ,,cam ,,pump4 ,,the ,,only ,,pump ,,in ,,the ,,market ,,designed ,,and ,,constructed ,,especially ,,for ,,boiler ,,feeding4 ,are ,pumping water at #bfh ,f4 ,no ,dead ,centers4 ,the ,steam ,valve is a plain ,slide ,valve identical to the slide valve of a ,steam ,engine1 but derives its motion from a cam4 ,speed can be regulated to suit evaporation4 ,pumping ,returns from ,steam ,heating ,apparatus a specialty4 ,send for ,circular4 ,smith1 ,vaile ,co41 ,,dayton1 ,,ohio4 ,illustration 99 99 99 99 99 ,,wanted ,,the ,,sole ,,manufacture for ,england1 of one or two ,patent ,articles in demand by steam users4 ,advertisers have good manufacturing premises1 and a first-class connection among steam users in ,england and the ,continent4 ,apply in first instance by letter to ,p4,s4,b41 care of ,mr4 ,g4 ,,street1 ,advertising ,offices1 #cj ,cornhill1 ,london1 ,e4,c41 ,england4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,new ,,year',s ,,gift ,a #e ,,new ,,year',s ,,gift ,,given ,,away6 ,to ,every ,reader of ,this ,paper6 ,consisting of the beautiful and valuable ,steel ,engraving1 entitled ,,christ ,,in ,,the ,,temple6 ,in an ,american edition1 issued by ,w4,w4 ,bostwick ,co41 ,publishers1 #agg and #agi ,west ,fourth ,street1 ,cincinnati1 ,o41 and furnished to every ,,reader ,,of ,,this ,,paper ,,free4 ,the retail price of the ,english edition of this ,engraving is #ab4jj ,,per ,,copy4 ,it illustrates one of the most remarkable incidents in the life time of our ,savior4 ,the subject is taken from ,luke1 ,second ,chapter1 #df1 #dg1 #dh1 #di1 and #ejth ,verses4 ,its size is three feet long and two feet wide1 and has over #cj ,,figures ,,represented4 ,it is the best ,premium ever given away4 ,w4,w4 ,bostwick ,co4 will supply every ,reader of this paper with the valuable and appropriate ,engraving of ,christ in the ,temple as a ,new ,year's ,gift4 ,a ,,new ,,years ,,gift ,readers will therefore please cut out the following ,certificate and send it to ,w4,w4 ,bostwick ,co41 ,publishers1 #agg and #agi ,west ,fourth ,street1 ,cincinnati1 ,o41 for redemption1 together with #be cents to pay for postage1 wrapping1 roller1 and mounting the ,engraving4 ,cut ,out this ,readers' ,certificate4 ,it is worth #e4jj4 ,,certificate4 ,on receipt of this ,certificate1 together with #be cents to pay for postage1 roller1 wrapping1 and mounting1 we will send the beautiful ,engraving1 three feet long and two feet wide1 entitled ,,christ ,,in ,,the ,,temple1 ,to every ,reader of this paper1 by mail1 postpaid4 ,send for ,engraving at once1 stating name in full1 ,p4,o4 address1 county1 and ,state1 ,address all orders to ,w4,w4 ,,bostwick ,,co41 ,,publishers1 #ag4 #ag ,w4 ,fourth ,st41 ,cincinnati1 ,o4 ,readers of this paper will be allowed this ,new ,year's ,premium ,gift1 and all orders must be accompanied with above ,certificate1 which be sure to cut out and send with directions for mailing to ,w4,w4 ,,bostwick ,,co41 ,,publishers1 #agg ,,and #agi ,,west ,,fourth ,,street1 ,,cincinnati1 ,o4 ,a ,,new ,,year',s ,,gift ,,copyright ,,secured 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,man ,,of ,a ,,thousand4 ,having discovered1 in a manner which might be considered almost providential1 a positive cure for consumption and all ,lung ,complaints1 ,i feel it my duty to make it known in a practical manner by furnishing a sample bottle1 free of charge1 to all sufferers1 my only hope of remuneration being that the medicine will perform all ,i claim for it4 ,the ingredients are of the choicest herbal products and perfectly safe2 will be sent ,,free ,,to ,,all4 ,address at once4 ,,dr4 ,o4 ,,phelps ,,brown1 #ba ,grand ,st41 ,jersey ,city1 ,n4,j4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i ,,have #ejj ,,acres ,,of ,,land ,,in ,,san ,jacinto ,county1 ,texas4 ,rolling and heavily timbered1 with two spring branches running through the land4 ,the entire tract suitable for farming purposes4 ,title perfect4 ,at the present valuation of land in the neighborhood1 its worth five dollars per acre4 ,the ,bast and ,west ,narrow ,gauge ,r4,r4 when completed will run within easy distance of the land1 which will increase its value materially4 ,i will give a warranty deed to the above tract of land in exchange for one #ae-;horse power portable engine1 and #bj-;horse boiler return flues1 new and complete-geared to run sugar mill without ,band and ,gin with ,band4 ,the machinery to be delivered at depot in ,liberty4 ,any reference given desired4 ,address ,y4,l4 ,,ridley1 ,liberty1 ,liberty ,county1 ,texas4 99 99 99 99 99 #bij ,,for ,,best ,,pianos ,,in ,,the ,,world --in use all over the ,u4,s4 in over #ijj towns by persons you will find in our ,illustrated ,circular1 probably residents of your own place1 or very near1 where you can try our pianos4 ,genuine ,rosewood--overstrung --full iron plate--#g #a-c octaves--,agraffe--and possessing every improvement known1 and warranted #e years by a responsible incorporated ,manufacturing ,co41 referring by permission to the ,chemical ,national ,bank1 ,new ,york ,city1 by far the strongest bank in ,america4 ,pianos sent everywhere on trial4 ,we have no agents4 ,send for ,illustrated ,circular giving full particulars4 ,address ,,united ,,states ,,piano ,,company4 #haj ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 7,please name this paper47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,practical ,,treatise ,,on ,,the ,,properties ,,of ,,continuous ,,bridges4 ,by ,charles ,e4 ,bender1 ,c4,e4 ,illustrated4 ,being ,no4 #bf1 ,van ,nostrand's ,science ,series4 #ahmo4 boards1 #ej cents4 ,recently ,published4 ,,the ,,fatigue ,,of ,,metals ,,under ,,repeated ,,strains1 with various tables of results of experiments1 from the ,german of ,prof4 ,ludwig ,spangenberg1 with a preface by ,s4,h4 ,shreve1 ,a4,m4 #ah mo4 bound1 #ej cents4 ,d4 ,,van ,,nostrand1 ,publisher1 #bc ,murran ,street1 and #bg ,warren ,street4 #c stars ,copies sent free by mail on receipt of price4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,wanted--,a ,second-,hand ,shaping ,machine2 #ab inch stroke2 in good condition4 ,pratt ,whitney's make preferred4 ,address1 with full particulars as to size1 make1 and price1 ,r4,g4,e41 #ehi ,lorimer ,street1 ,greenpoint1 ,l4,i4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,wood-,,working ,,machinery1 ,such as ,woodworth ,planing1 ,tongueing1 and ,grooving ,machines1 ,daniel's ,planers1 ,richardson's ,patent ,improved ,tenon ,machines1 ,mortising1 ,moulding1 and ,re-,saw ,machines1 and ,wood-,working ,machinery generally4 ,manufactured by ,,witherby1 ,,rugg ,,richardson1 #bf ,salisbury ,street1 ,worcester1 ,mass4 7,shop formerly occupied by ,r4 ,,ball ,,co47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,brainard ,,milling ,,machines all styles and sizes4 ,universal ,milling ,machines from #bjj upwards2 ,brown's ,patent ,screw ,machines4 c41 c4 ,address ,,brainard ,m4,m4 ,,co41 #aca ,milk ,st41 ,boston1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,agents ,,to ,,control ,,territory1 ,west and ,south 7,new ,england ,states1 ,connecticut excepted1 taken71 for the sale of the ,eureka ,button ,fasteners1 ,patented #ahgf4 ,no tool required to put them on4 ,samples1 c41 free4 ,w4,l4 ,,urann1 ,m'f'r1 #ba ,fulton ,st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,engines ,,and ,,boilers4 ,new and complete4 ,one #b-;horse power1 #adj3 #c ,h4,p41 #age2 #e;,h4 ,p41 #bej2 #aj ,h4,p41 #ejj2 #be ,h4,p41 #a1jjj2 all sizes in proportion4 ,patterns1 drawings and models best and cheapest of any4 ,address ,,pond #ahg ,grand ,st4 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,founded by ,mathew ,carey1 #aghe4 ,,baird',s ,,scientific ,,book ,,catalogues ,,now ,,ready1 ,,new ,,revised ,,editions4 ,of our valuable ,,scientific ,,book ,,catalogues1 which will be sent by mail gratis1 and free of postage1 on application4 ,we are now receiving and keeping in stock the most important ,,english ,,and ,,american ,,scientific ,,books as they are published1 and are prepared to furnish them or to give information in regard to all ,american and ,foreign publications in this department of literature4 ,,henry ,,carey ,,baird ,,co41 ,industrial ,publishers1 ,booksellers ,importers1 #haj ,walnut ,street1 ,philadelphia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,air ,,compressors ,,for ,,all ,,purposes4 ,a ,,specialty of ,,heavy ,,pressures4 ,,the ,,norwalk ,,iron ,,works ,,co41 ,,south ,,norwalk1 ,,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,otis' ,,safety ,,hoisting ,,machinery4 ,,otis ,,bros4 ,,co41 ,no4 #cdh ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,wrought ,,iron ,beams and ,girders ,,the ,,union ,,iron ,,mills1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa41 ,manufacturers of improved wrought iron ,beams and ,girders 7patented74 ,the great fall which has taken place in the prices of ,iron and especially in ,beams used in the construction of ,,fire ,,proof ,,buildings1 induces us to call the special attention of ,engineers1 ,architects1 and ,builders to the undoubted advantages of now erecting ,fire ,proof structures2 and by reference to pages #eb #ed of our ,book of ,sections--which will be sent on application to those contemplating the erection of fire proof buildings--,,the ,,cost ,,can ,,be ,,accurately ,,calculated1 the cost of ,insurance avoided1 and the serious losses and interruption to business caused by fire2 these and like considerations fully justify any additional first cost4 ,it is believed1 that were owners fully aware of the small difference which now exists between the use of ,wood and ,iron1 that in many cases the latter would be adopted4 ,we shall be pleased to furnish estimates for all the ,beams complete1 for any specific structure1 so that the difference in cost may at once be ascertained4 ,address ,,carnegie1 ,,bros4 ,,co41 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,arsenic ,,in ,,the ,,arts4--,a ,lecture before the ,medical ,association of ,central ,new ,york4 ,by ,s4,a4 ,lattimore1 ,,ll4,d41 ,professor of ,chemistry in the ,rochester ,university4 ,a popular and important paper4 ,,scientific ,,american ,,supplement ,no4 #bi4 ,price1 #aj cents4 ,to be had at this office and of all newsdealers4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,new ,,departure4 ,traveling and local salesmen wanted4 ,,staple ,,goods4 ,,no ,,peddling4 ,salary #ge a month4 ,hotel and traveling expenses paid1 ,s4,a4 ,,grant ,,co41 manufacturers of ,,envelopes and ,,paper4 #b1d1 #f1 and #h ,home ,st41 ,,cincinnati1 ,,ohio4 99 99 99 99 99 #ff a ,week in your own town4 ,terms and #e outfit free4 ,h4 ,,hallett ,,co41 ,portland1 ,maine4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,messrs4 ,b4 ,,dambacher ,,co41 ,hamburg1 ,germany dealers in ,american ,wood-,working ,machinery and ,tools of all kinds4 ,messrt4 ,d4 ,co41 solicit consignments from ,american manufacturers4 ,catalogues and descriptive circulars desired1 by mail4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,machinery ,,of ,,every ,,description1 ,,cold ,,rolled ,,shafting1 ,,hangers1 ,,pulleys1 ,,couplings1 ,,belting1 ,,tanite ,,emery ,,wheels ,,and ,,grinders1 ,,in ,,stock4 ,,george ,,place1 #aba ,chambers #ajc ,reade ,sts41 ,new ,york ,city4 99 99 99 99 99 #aj to #ejj ,,invested ,,in ,,wall ,,st4 ,often leads to wealth4 ,a #gb page book explaining everything1 and a copy of the ,wall ,street ,review1 sent free4 ,,john ,,hickling ,,co41 ,bankers and ,brokers #gb ,broadway1 ,new ,york 99 99 99 99 99 ,,we ,,enamel in ,,fine ,,jet ,,black every variety of turned woodwork parts of machinery1 casting's1 tinware and other metalwork1 ,,enameled ,,jet ,,goods1 in wood or metal1 made to order4 ,,american ,,enamel ,,co4 #ag ,,warren ,,st41 ,,providence1 ,r4,i4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,gift ,by an arrangement with the ,publisher we will send every reader of this ,paper a sample package of ,transfer ,pictures free4 ,send #c4 stamp for postage4 ,they are highly colored1 beautiful1 and easily transferred to any object4 ,agents wanted4 ,j4,l4 ,,patten ,,co41 #afb ,william ,st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,flowers ,strong ,plants delivered1 free of cost safely per mail at your door4 ,satisfaction guaranteed4 ,splendid assortment of ,,roses #f for #a2 #ac for #b4 ,send for ,new ,catalogue of ,plants4 ,,hoopes1 ,,bro4 ,,thomas1 ,cherry ,hill ,nurseries4 ,west ,chester4 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,shafts4 ,,pulleys4 ,,hangers ,,couplings ,,etc4 ,in ,stock1 and for ,sale by ,,william ,,sellers ,,co41 ,philadelphia1 and #gi ,liberty ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,price lists and pamphlets on application4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,wanted ,salesmen to sell light hardware to ,dealers1 ,,no ,,peddling4 ,salary1 #a1bjj a year4 ,hotel and traveling expenses paid4 ,address ,,defiance ,m',f',g ,,co41 ,chicago1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,barnes ,,foot ,,power ,,machinery4 #aj ,,invaluable ,,machines for ,mechanics and ,amateurs4 ,also ,fancy ,woods and ,designs4 ,send for #dh page ,illustrated ,catalogue1 ,free4 ,w4,f4 ,,john ,,barnes1 ,,rockford1 ,winnebago ,co41 ,ills4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,celebrated ,,foot ,,lathes4 ,illustration ,foot ,power1 ,back-geared ,screw ,lathes1 ,small ,hand and ,power ,planers for ,metal1 ,small ,gear ,cutters1 ,slide-rests1 ,ball ,machine for ,lathes1 ,foot ,scroll ,saws1 light and heavy1 ,foot ,circular ,saws4 ,just the articles for ,amateurs or ,artisans4 ,highly recommended4 ,send for illustrated ,catalogues4 ,n4,h4 ,,baldwin1 ,laconia1 ,n4,h4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pond',s ,,tools4 ,engine ,lathes1 ,planers1 ,drills1 c4 ,send for ,catalogue4 ,,david ,w4 ,,pond1 ,successor to ,lucius ,w4 ,pond1 ,worcester1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,l4 ,,smith ,,hobart1 ,,president4 ,,john ,c4 ,,moss1 ,,superintendent4 ,d4,j4 ,,carson1 ,,general ,,agent4 ,,photo ,,engraving ,,co4 ,,moss' ,,process ,,no4 #fg ,,park ,,place ,,new ,,york ,illustration ,,relief ,,plates ,,in ,,hard ,,type ,,metal1 ,,for ,,printing ,,all ,,kinds ,,of ,,pictorial ,,illustrations ,,in ,,books1 ,,newspapers1 ,,and ,,catalogues4 ,these plates are an excellent substitute for woodcuts1 being used in precisely the same way1 giving equally good results for much less money4 ,,electrotypes ,,and ,,stereotypes are made from them in the usual manner4 ,we offer special advantages to ,,manufacturers ,,and ,,inventors1 as our mechanical work is of the best quality and rapidly executed4 ,our plates are used satisfactorily in the ,,scientific ,,american and the ,,scientific ,,american ,,supplement1 and by ,manufacturers and ,publishers in all parts of the country4 ,,copy ,we work direct only from ,prints or properly prepared ,pen and ,ink ,drawings4 ,any other copy may be furnished1 such as ,photographs1 ,pencil ,sketches1 or the articles themselves1 in which cases we have drawings made in the best manner by our own trained draughtsmen4 ,photographs1 taken in the ordinary way1 are suitable1 and they may be of any size4 ,we make the plates larger or smaller1 as desired4 ,we are glad to have customers prepare their own ,pen ,drawings1 and append one or two1 ,,directions ,,to ,,artists3 ,the most important requisite in ,drawings for our use is that every line shall be perfectly black4 ,the paper or drawing board must be white and smooth4 ,for fine work drawings should be made double the scale of the plate desired4 ,carefully observing these main points1 the artist has the utmost freedom in his choice of styles of drawing4 ,for further information and fine samples of our work1 send stamp for current number of our illustrated ,quarterly ,circular4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,we ,,also ,,publish1 ,,list ,,of ,,engravings4 ,,price ,,one ,,dollar #a4 ,,the ,,letter ,,writer4 ,,art ,,album #b4 ,,the ,,crossing ,,sweeper4 ,,containing #c4 ,,the ,,royal ,,princesses4 ,twelve ,beautiful ,photo ,engravings #d4 ,,the ,,skein ,,winder4 ,suitable for ,framing #e4 ,,the ,,spanish ,,sisters4 ,reproduced by ,moss ,process from #f4 ,a ,,rest ,,on ,,the ,,hill4 ,art ,journal ,steel ,engravings #g4 ,,the ,,fair ,,correspondent4 ,published ,by #h4 ,,barthram',s ,,dirge4 ,,photo ,,engraving ,,co4 #i4 ,,going ,,to ,,school4 #fg ,,park ,,place #aj4 ,,peep ,o',,day ,,boy',s ,,cabin4 #aa4 ,,the ,,scanty ,,meal4 #ab4 ,,the ,,amazon4 ,printed on heavy toned plate paper1 #abae inches4 ,liberal discount to the trade4 ,sent postpaid on receipt of price4 ,please say where you saw this4 ,,photo-,,engraving ,,co41 #fg ,,park ,,place1 ,,new ,,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,the ,,trade ,,engine4 ,noiseless in operation--,perfect in workmanship--all light parts of ,cast ,steel4 ,every ,engine indicated1 and valve corrected to give the highest attainable results4 ,warranted superior to any semi-portable ,engine in the market6 ,send for ,price ,list and ,circular4 ,,herrmann ,,herchelrode ,m',f',g ,,co41 ,dayton1 ,ohio4 99 99 99 99 99 ,wood-,working ,machinery4 ,patent ,scroll ,saws and ,band ,saws a ,specialty4 ,,over #ajj ,,machines ,,in ,,use4 ,medal at ,cincinnati ,industrial ,exposition4 ,agents in all large cities4 ,,cordesman1 ,,egan ,,co41 ,m'f'rs1 ,cincinnati1 ,o 99 99 99 99 99 ,hand-,send for ,descriptive ,catalogue of ,,reliable ,vegetable and ,flower ,,seeds containing #aib pages on ,,seeds and ,plants mailed free4 ,h4,a4 ,,dreer1 ,,seedsman ,,and ,,florist1 ,,philada4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration #ajj4 ,,reward4 #ajj4 ,this ,,moustache produced on a smooth face by the use of ,,dyke',s ,,beard ,,elixir without injury1 or will forfeit #ajj4 ,price by mail in sealed package #be cents1 for three #ej cents4 ,a4,l4 ,,smith ,,co41 ,ag'ts1 ,palatine1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,j4,h4 ,blaisdell's ,,moulder1 ,north #dth ,st41 ,,philadelphia1 ,,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,shaping ,machines ,have novel device for changing length of stroke while in motion1 also1 automatic down feed1 and quick return4 ,four sizes4 ,patented #ahfh1 #ahga1 #ahgd1 ,wood ,light ,machine ,co4 ,worcester1 ,mass4 ,manufacturers of all kinds of ,iron ,working ,machinery ,shafting1 ,pulleys1 c4 99 99 99 99 99 #ab a day at home4 ,agents wanted4 ,outfit and terms free4 ,,true ,,co41 ,augusta1 ,maine4 99 99 99 99 99 ,lathes1 ,planers1 ,shapers1 ,drills1 ,gear ,bolt ,cutters1 c4 ,e4 ,,gould1 ,newark1 ,n4,j4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,snyder',s ,,little ,,giant ,,steam ,,engine ,the ,best ,,small ,,power ,,engines ,,in ,,the ,,country4 ,,ward ,b4 ,,snyder #hd ,fulton ,str4 ,new ,york ,illustration ,one-,horse ,power1 with tubular boiler complete1 only #aej ,two-,horse ,power #bjj ,three-,horse ,power #bej ,call and ,examine ,,or ,,send ,,for ,,illustrated ,,catalogue 99 99 99 99 99 ,,see ,,photographic ,,apparatus ,,chemicals complete1 with directions1 #aj4 ,no toy2 takes pictures #dx#e inches4 ,send for illustrated circular4 ,b4 ,,morgan1 #ad ,ann ,st4 ,new ,york1 ,p4,o4 ,box #dcdi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,wanted6 ,,salesmen at a salary of #abjj a year to travel and sell goods to ,dealers4 ,,no ,,peddling4 ,hotel and traveling expenses paid4 ,address4 ,,monitor ,,manufacturing ,co41 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 99 99 99 99 99 #ci ,each week to ,agents4 ,goods ,staple4 #aj1jjj testimonials received4 ,terms liberal4 ,particulars free4 ,j4 ,worth ,co4 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo4 99 99 99 99 99 #ee to #gg a ,week to ,agents4 #aj ,outfit ,free4 ,p4,o4 ,,vickery1 ,augusta1 ,maine4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,compound ,,steam ,,pump ,,uses steam expansively1 hence economically4 ,simpler than any other4 ,only two moving parts in cylinder4 ,no levers1 springs1 tappets1 or reversing valves4 ,critical examination invited4 ,address ,e4 ,a4 ,betts1 ,wilmington1 ,del4 99 99 99 99 99 #be ,beautiful ,cards1 with name1 #aj cents1 post paid4 ,,millport ,,printing ,,co41 ,millport1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,spare ,,the ,,croton ,,and ,,save ,,the ,,cost4 ,driven or ,tube ,wells furnished to large consumers of ,croton and ,ridgewood ,water4 ,,wm4 ,d1 ,,andrews ,,bro41 #dad ,water ,st41 ,n4,y4 who control the patent for ,green's ,american ,driven ,well4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,vinegar4 ,how made in #aj hours from ,cider1 ,wine or ,sorghum without using drugs4 ,name paper and address ,f4,i4 ,,sage1 ,springfield ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,agents4 #fd page ,illustrated ,catalogue1 ,free4 ,boston ,novelty ,co41 ,boston1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,toll-,gate6 ,,prize ,,picture sent free6 ,an ingenious gem6 #ej objects to find6 ,address1 with stamp1 ,e4,c4 ,,abbey1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 #ihd ,made by one ,agent in #eg days4 #ac new articles4 ,samples free4 ,address1 ,c4,m4 ,,linington1 ,,chicago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,lightning ,,screw ,,plate4 ,illustration ,will make a perfect thread at one cut1 and can be adjusted for wear4 ,send for catalogue to the agents1 ,,frasse ,,company1 ,dealers in ,fine ,tools1 ,files1 ,steel ,wire ,supplies1 #fb ,,chatham ,,street1 ,,new ,,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,advertisements4 ,,inside ,,page1 ,,each ,,insertion--- #ge ,,cents ,a ,,line4 ,,back ,,page1 ,,each ,,insertion--- #a4jj ,a ,,line4 ,engravings may head advertisements at the same rate per line1 by measurement1 as the letter press4 ,advertisements must be received at publication office as early as ,friday morning to appear in next issue4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,guardiola',s ,,coffee ,,sugar ,,machinery ,,coffee1 ,,mait1 ,,corn1 ,,cocoa1 ,,and ,,grain-,,drying ,,machine4 ,,coffee-,,hulling ,,and ,,polishing ,,machines4 ,,coffee-,,washing ,,machine4 ,,helix ,,sugar ,,evaporator4 ,,messrs4 ,c4 ,,adolphe ,,low ,,co41 #db ,cedar ,street1 ,,messrs4 ,,munoz ,,espriella1 #eb ,pine ,street1 new ,york1 are ,mr4 ,guardiola's ,agents1 and they will give prompt attention to all orders for any of the above machines4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,four ,,grand ,,prize ,,medals6 ,,awarded ,,our ,,exhibit ,,at ,,the ,,centennial6 ,illustration3 ,,bliss',s ,,select ,,garden ,,seeds4 ,,bliss',s ,,illustrated ,,seed ,,catalogue ,,and ,,amateur',s ,,guide ,,to ,,the ,,flower ,,and ,,kitchen ,,garden4--#bjj pages1 including several hundred finely executed engravings1 and ,a ,,beautifully ,,colored ,,lithograph1 #ce ,,cents4 ,,bliss',s ,,illustrated ,,gardener',s ,,almanac ,,and ,,abridged ,,catalogue4--#abh pages4 ,embraces a monthly calendar of operations1 and a price list of all the leading ,,garden1 ,,field ,,and ,,flower ,,seeds1 profusely illustrated1 with brief directions for their culture4 #aj ,,cents4 ,,bliss',s ,,illustrated ,,potato ,,catalogue contains a descriptive list of all the varieties recently introduced1 with many other desirable sorts2 also much useful information upon their cultivation4 #aj ,,cents4 ,b4,k4 ,,bliss ,,sons1 #cd ,,barclay ,,st41 7,p4,o4 ,,box #egab47 ,,new ,,york4 ,please state that you saw this advertisement in the ,,scientific ,,american4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,wanted4--,a ,,first-,,class ,,mold ,,maker ,,on ,undertakers' ,hardware4 ,address ,,crane1 ,,breed ,,co41 ,cincinnati1 ,o4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,patents ,,established #ahdf4 ,,munn ,,co4',s ,,patent ,,offices4 ,,the ,,oldest ,,agency ,,for ,,eliciting ,,patents ,,in ,,the ,,united ,,states4 ,,thirty ,,years' ,,experience4 ,,more ,,patents have been secured through this agency1 at home and abroad1 than through any other in the world4 ,they employ as their assistants a corps of the most experienced men as examiners1 specification writers1 and draughtsmen1 that can be found1 many of whom have been selected from the ranks of the ,patent ,office4 ,,sixty ,,thousand inventors have availed themselves of ,munn ,co4's services in examining their inventions and procuring their patents4 ,,munn ,,co41 in connection with the publication of the ,,scientific ,,american1 continue to examine inventions1 confer with inventors1 prepare drawings1 specifications1 and assignments1 attend to filing applications in the ,patent ,office1 paying the ,government fees1 and watch each case1 step by step1 while pending before the examiner4 ,this is done through their branch office1 corner ,f and #gth ,sts41 ,washington4 ,they also prepare and file caveats1 procure design patents1 trade marks1 and re-issues1 attend to rejected cases 7prepared by the inventor or other attorneys71 procure copyrights1 attend to interferences1 give written opinions on matters of infringement1 furnish copies of patent business1 both in this and in foreign countries4 ,a special notice ,,is made in the ,,scientific ,,american of all inventions patented through this agency1 with the name and residence of the patentee4 ,patents are often sold1 in part or whole1 to persons attracted to the invention by such notice4 ,patents obtained in ,canada1 ,england1 ,france1 ,belgium1 ,germany1 ,russia1 ,prussia1 ,spain1 ,portugal1 the ,british ,colonies1 and all other countries where patents are granted1 at prices greatly reduced from former rates4 ,send for pamphlet pertaining specially to foreign patents1 which states the cost1 time granted1 and the requirements for each country4 ,,copies ,,of ,,patents4 ,persons desiring any patent issued from #ahcf to ,november #bf1 #ahfg1 can be supplied with official copies at reasonable cost1 the price depending upon the extent of drawings and length of specifications4 ,any patent issued since ,november #bg1 #ahfg1 at which time the ,patent ,office commenced printing the drawings and specifications1 may be had by remitting to this office #a4 ,a copy of the claims of any patent issued since #afch will be furnished for #a4 ,when ordering copies1 please remit for the same as as above1 and state name of patentee1 title of invention1 and date of patent4 ,a pamphlet1 containing full directions for obtaining ,united ,states patents1 sent free4 ,a handsomely bound ,reference ,book1 gilt edges1 contains #adj pages and many engravings and tables important to every patentee and mechanic1 and is a useful handbook of reference for everybody4 ,price #be cents1 mailed free4 ,address ,,munn ,,co41 ,publishers ,,scientific ,,american #cg ,,park ,,row1 ,n4,y4 ,,branch ,,office--,corner of ,f and #gth ,streets1 ,washington1 ,d4,c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,emerson',s ,,patent ,,damascus ,,tempered ,,saws ,patent ,planer1 ,clipper1 ,lumberman's ,clipper1 from clipper cross-cut1 ,universal ,adjustable ,saw ,swage1 ,band ,saws for ,saw ,mills and re-sawing1 and solid saws of all kinds4 ,are superior to all others1 ,extra ,thin ,saws a specialty4 ,send your full address1 plainly written1 for ,price ,list and ,circular to ,emerson1 ,smith ,co41 ,beaver ,falls1 ,pa41 ,successors to ,emerson1 ,ford ,co4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,roots' ,,patent ,,portable ,,forge4 ,illustration3 ,,adapted ,,to ,,every ,,variety ,,of ,,work4 ,,the ,,only ,,forge ,,with ,,force ,,blast ,,blower4 ,,the ,,only ,,effective ,,forge ,,made4 ,p4,h4 ,f4,m4 ,,roots1 ,manuf's1 ,,connersville1 ,,ind4 ,s4,s4 ,,townsend1 ,gen'l ,ag't1 #ca ,liberty ,st41 ,,new ,,york 99 99 99 99 99 ,first ,premium ahead of ,all at ,centennial1 ,hand and ,self-,inking4 ,illustration3 ,do ,your ,own ,,printing ,the ,excelsior ,presses ,save money6 ,do more advertising4 #c ,press for cards1 labels1 envelopes1 etc4 ,large sizes for large work4 ,anybody can work them1 have good pastime for spare hours1 and can make money by taking in small ,jobs4 ,,boys have much fun and make money very fast at printing cards1 etc41 ,send two stamps for catalogue1 to ,mfrs1 ,,kelsey ,,co4 ,,meriden1 ,,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,machinists' ,,tools4 ,,new ,,and ,,improved ,,patterns4 ,send for new illustrated catalogue4 ,lathes1 ,planers1 ,drills1 c4 ,,new ,,haven ,,manufacturing ,,co41 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to appear end of ,february1 ,the ,united ,states ,,business ,,directory ,,for #ahgg4 ,this ,directory contains over #djj1jjj names of persons in all kinds of business4 ,arranged alphabetically according to ,states1 and classified according to business4 ,it is a valuable aid to the ,merchant1 ,manufacturer1 and ,mechanic1 for correspondence or the distribution of circulars4 ,the edition of #ahgg is the third year of issue1 and has already received a largely increased patronage from the business public4 ,price to parties who send their order before the book is issued1 #g4jj4 ,,geo4 ,,de ,,colange ,,co41 ,publishers1 #h ,bond ,st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,hartford ,,steam ,,boiler ,inspection ,insurance ,,company4 ,w4,b4 ,franklin1 ,v4 ,pres't ,j4,m4 ,allen1 ,pres't ,j4,b4 ,pierce ,sec'y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,elocutionist',s ,,journal gives choicest standard and new pieces for professional and amateur ,readers and ,speakers1 and interesting articles on appropriate subjects4 ,just the thing wanted4 #aj cts4 of any newsdealer or by mail4 ,,jesse ,,haney ,,co41 #aai ,nassau ,street1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,noye',s ,,mill ,,furnishing ,,works are the largest in the ,united ,states4 ,they make ,burr ,millstones1 ,portable ,mills1 ,smut ,machines1 ,packers1 ,mill ,picks1 ,water ,wheels1 ,pulleys and ,gearing1 specially adapted to flour mills4 ,send for ,catalogue4 ,j4,t4 ,,noye ,,son1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,rock ,,drilling ,,machines ,,and ,,air ,,compressors ,,manufactured ,,by ,,burleigh ,rock ,drill ,co4 ,,send ,,for ,,pamphlet4 ,,fitchburg ,,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,niagara ,,steam ,,pump ,,works4 ,,established #ahbf4 ,,charles ,b4 ,,hardick1 ,no4 #bc ,adams ,street1 ,,brooklyn1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,non-,,combustible ,,steam ,,boiler ,,and ,,pipe ,,covering ,,with ,,air ,,space ,,improvement4 ,saves #aj to #bj per cent4 ,,chalmers ,,spence ,,co41 ,foot ,e4 #ith ,st4 ,n4,y42 #abjb ,n4 #b;d ,st41 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,,hoadley ,,portable ,,steam ,,engine4 ,,with ,,automatical ,,cut-,,off ,,regulator ,,and ,,balanced ,,valve ,,the ,,best ,,and ,,most ,,economical ,,engine ,,made ,,send ,,for ,,circular ,the ,j4,c4 ,,hoadley ,,co4 ,,lawrence1 ,,mass4 ,,state ,,where ,,you ,,saw ,,this 99 99 99 99 99 ,,important ,,for ,,all ,,corporations ,,and ,,manf',g ,,concerns4--,,buerk',s ,,watchman',s ,,time ,,detector1 capable of accurately controlling the motion of a watchman or patrolman at the different stations of his beat4 ,send for circular4 ,j4,e4 ,,buerk1 ,p4,o4 ,,box #igi4 ,,boston1 ,,mass4 ,n4,b4--,the suit against ,imhaeuser ,co41 of ,new ,york1 was decided in my favor1 ,june #aj1 #ahgd4 ,proceedings have been commenced against ,imhaeuser ,co4 for selling1 contrary to the order of the ,court4 ,persons using clocks infringing on my patent1 will be dealt with according to law4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,established #ahdd4 ,,joseph ,c4 ,,todd1 7,formerly of ,todd ,rafferty71 ,,engineer and ,,machinist4 ,flax1 ,hemp1 ,jute1 ,rope1 ,oakum1 and ,bagging ,machinery1 ,steam ,engines1 ,boilers1 etc4 ,also ,agent for the celebrated and improved ,rawson ,rittinger ,hoisting ,engine1 ,i will furnish specifications and estimates for all kinds of machinery4 ,send for descriptive circular and price4 ,address ,j4,c4 ,,todd1 #aj ,barclay ,st41 ,new ,york1 or ,paterson1 ,n4,j4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,patent ,,cold ,,rolled ,,shafting4 ,the fact that this shafting has #ge per cent4 greater strength1 a finer finish1 and is truer to gauge1 than any other in use1 renders it undoubtedly the most economical ,we are also the sole manufacturers of the ,,celebrated ,,collins' ,,pat4 ,,coupling1 and furnish ,pulleys1 ,hangers1 etc41 of the most approved styles4 ,price list mailed on application to ,,jones ,,laughlins1 ,try ,street1 #b;d and #crd ,avenues1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 #aij ,s4 ,canal ,street1 ,chicago1 ,ill41 and ,milwaukie1 ,wis4 ,stocks of this shafting in store and for sale by ,,fuller4 ,,dana1 ,,fitz1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,,geo4 ,,place ,,co4 #aba ,chambers ,st41 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,cyclopedia of ,mechanics and ,engineering1 ,,for ,,sale4 ,the few copies of the ,author's ,extra ,edition of ,prof4 ,r4,h4 ,thurston's ,report on ,machinery and ,manufactures at the ,great ,international ,exhibition1 #ahgc1 with an account of ,european manufacturing districts4 ,the volume contains over #dej pages1 and contains #bbc wood-cuts and plates4 ,please send orders for copies at once4 ,price1 #d4jj4 ,f4,t4 ,,thurston1 ,civil and ,mechanical ,engineer4 ,,hoboken1 ,n4,j4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,tube ,,cleaners for cleaning ,boiler ,tubes4 ,,the ,,national ,,steel ,,tube ,,cleaner ,co4 #had ,e4 #ith ,st41 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,knowles ,,steam ,,pump ,,works1 #ib #id ,liberty ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,great reduction in prices4 ,send for catalogue4 ,the ,knowles has always been the best steam pump made4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,to ,,inventors ,,and ,,manufacturers ,,follows ,,bate1 ,manchester1 ,england1 ,hardware and ,machinery ,merchants1 are prepared to buy ,american ,goods for ,cash1 and to act as ,sole ,wholesale ,agents4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,punching ,,presses ,drop ,hammers and ,dies1 for working ,metals1 c4 ,,the ,,stiles ,,parker ,,press ,,co41 ,middletown1 ,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,alcott ,,lathes1 for ,broom1 ,rake and ,hoe ,handles4 ,s4,c4 ,,hills1 #gh ,chambers ,st41 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,machinery ,,of ,,improved ,,styles ,,for making ,,shingles1 ,,heading and ,,staves2 also ,,guage ,,lathes for ,,turning ,,handles4 ,sole makers of ,law's ,pat4 ,shingle and ,heading ,sawing ,machine4 ,address ,,trevor ,,co41 ,lockport1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chloride ,,of ,,calcium4 ,,for ,,sale ,,very ,,cheap4 ,,ransome1 #aj ,bush ,street1 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,perfect ,,newspaper ,,file ,the ,koch ,patent ,file1 for preserving newspapers1 magazines1 and pamphlets1 has been recently improved and price reduced4 ,subscribers to the ,,scientific ,,american and ,,scientific ,,american ,,supplement can be supplied for the low price of #a4ej by mail1 or #a4be at the office of this paper4 ,heavy board sides2 inscription ,,scientific ,,american1 in gilt4 ,necessary for every one who wishes to preserve the paper4 ,address ,,munn ,,co41 ,publishers ,,scientific ,,american4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,lecount',s ,,patent ,,machinists' ,,tools4 ,,reduced ,,prices4 ,set ,iron ,dogs1 #c-h to #b in41 #e4fj #c-h to #d in41 #ab4jj ,steel #c-h to #b in41 #f4cj #c-h to #d in41 #ac4jj ,iron ,steel ,clamps1 ,die ,dogs1 ,clamp ,dogs1 ,vice ,clamps ,expanding ,mandrels1 c4 ,send for latest ,price list to ,c4,w4 ,,le ,,count1 ,south ,norwalk1 ,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,best ,,damper ,,regulators ,,and ,,lever ,,gauge ,,cocks4 ,,murrill ,,keizer1 #da ,,holliday ,,st41 ,,baltimore4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,brayton ,,ready ,,motor ,it has no boiler1 is safe1 economical1 started by any one in one minute1 occupies small space1 and gives an unsurpassed steady1 reliable power4 ,address ,penna ,ready ,motor ,co41 #bj ,n4 #d,,th ,,st ,,philadelphia1 ,,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,tanite ,,co41 ,,stroudsburg1 ,,pa4 ,,emery ,,wheels ,,and ,,grinders4 ,,geo4 ,,place1 #aba ,,chambers ,,st41 ,,new ,,york ,,agent4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,bolt ,,cutters ,,schlenker',s ,,new ,,machine ,,revolving-,,die4 ,send for ,catalogue1 giving prices and full description4 ,,howard ,,iron ,,works1 ,,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,state1 ,,county ,,and ,,shop ,,rights for sale of ,c4 ,koons' ,patent ,rat ,trap2 best out2 caught #af one night4 ,enclose stamp to owners and manufacturers1 ,j4,t4 ,,wilhide ,,bro41 ,york ,road1 ,carroll ,co41 ,md4 99 99 99 99 99 #e ,,to #bj day at home4 ,samples worth #e free4 ,,stinson ,co41 ,portland1 ,me4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,duc',s ,,improved ,,patent ,,elevator ,,bucket1 ,,for ,,brewers1 ,,flour ,,mills1 ,,grain ,,elevators1 ,,sugar ,,refiners1 ,c4 ,these buckets are made of the best charcoal stamping iron1 and are warranted to outwear six of the ,,oldstyle ,,buckets4 ,the cost is about the same4 ,address ,t4,f4 ,,rowland1 ,brooklyn1 ,e4,d41 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 #c ,,watches4 ,cheapest in the known world4 ,sample watch and outfit free to ,agents4 ,for terms address ,,coulter ,,co4 ,chicago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,bogardus' ,,patent ,,universal ,,eccentric ,,mills--,for grinding ,bones1 ,ores1 ,sand1 ,old ,crucibles1 ,fire ,clay1 ,guanos1 ,oil ,cake1 ,feed1 ,corn1 ,corn and ,cob1 ,tobacco1 ,snuff1 ,sugar1 ,salts1 ,roots1 ,spices1 ,coffee1 ,cocoanut1 ,flaxseed1 ,asbestos1 ,mica1 etc41 and whatever cannot be ground by other mills4 ,also for ,paints1 ,printers' ,inks1 ,paste ,blacking1 etc4 ,,john ,w4 ,,thomson1 successor to ,,james ,,bogardus1 corner of ,white and ,elm ,sts4 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,working ,,models ,and ,experimental ,machinery1 ,metal or ,wood1 made to order by ,j4,f4 ,,werner1 #fb ,center ,st41 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,eagle ,,foot ,,lathes1 ,illustration3 ,eagle ,foot ,lathe ,with ,scroll and ,circular ,saw ,attachments1 ,slide ,rest1 ,tools1 c42 also ,small ,engine ,lathes1 ,metal ,hand ,planers1 c4 ,neatest designs1 superior finish4 ,,low ,,prices4 ,our new ,catalogue describes these and every tool necessary for the ,amateur or ,artisan4 ,send for it4 ,,wm4 ,l4 ,,chase ,,co41 #ie #ig ,liberty ,st4 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pyrometers ,for showing heat of ,ovens1 ,hot ,blast ,pipes1 ,boiler ,flues1 ,super-,heated ,steam1 ,oil ,stills1 c4 ,,henry ,w4 ,,bulkley4 ,sole ,manufacturer1 #adi ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,prospectus ,,of ,,the ,,scientific ,,american ,for #ahgg1 ,,the ,,most ,,popular ,,scientific ,,paper ,,in ,,the ,,world4 ---- ,,thirty-,,second ,,year4 ---- ,,volume ,,xxxvi4--,,new ,,series4 ---- ,the publishers of the ,,scientific ,,american beg to announce that on the sixth day of ,january1 #ahgg1 a new volume was commenced4 ,it will continue to be the aim of the publishers to render the contents of the new volume more attractive and useful than any of its predecessors4 ,to the ,mechanic and ,manufacturer4 ,no person engaged in any of the mechanical pursuits should think of doing without the ,,scientific ,,american4 ,every number contains from six to ten engravings of new machines and inventions which cannot be found in any other publication4 ,,terms ,,of ,,subscription4 ,one copy of the ,,scientific ,,american will be sent for one year1 #eb numbers1 ,,postage ,,prepaid1 to any subscriber in the ,united ,states or ,canada1 on receipt of three dollars and twenty cents by the publishers4 ,one extra copy of the ,,scientific ,,american will be supplied gratis for every club of five subscribers at #c4bj each2 or six copies for #af4ej without extra copy4 ,postage free4 ,,the ,,scientific ,,american ,,supplement4 ,a weekly paper1 uniform in size with the ,,scientific ,,american1 but a distinct publication4 ,it contains working drawings of engineering works1 and elaborate treatises on every branch of ,science and ,mechanics1 by eminent writers1 at home and abroad4 ,an illustrated cover protects the handsomely printed sheets4 ,price1 #e4jj per annum4 ,single copies #aj cents4 ,one copy of the ,,scientific ,,american and one copy of the ,,scientific ,,american ,,supplement will be sent for one year1 postage prepaid1 to any subscriber in the ,united ,states or ,canada1 on receipt of seven ,dollars by the publishers4 ,the safest way to remit is by ,postal-,order1 ,draft1 or ,express4 ,money carefully placed inside of envelopes1 securely sealed1 and carefully addressed1 seldom goes astray2 but it is at the sender's risk4 ,address all letters and make all orders1 drafts1 etc41 payable to ,,munn ,,co41 #cg ,,park ,,row1 ,,new ,,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,scientific ,american is printed with ,,chas4 ,,eneu ,,johnson ,,co4',s ,,ink4 ,tenth and ,lombard ,sts41 ,philadelphia1 and #ei ,gold ,st41 ,new ,york4