Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American, Volume 40, No. 13, March 29, 1879 / Braille

Scientific American, Volume 40, No. 13, March 29, 1879 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

260,439 braille cells · 271 embossed pages at 40×25 · 612 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠺⠕⠗⠙⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠝⠙⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠲
⠀⠠⠞⠕⠤⠙⠁⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀⠼⠛⠚⠂⠚⠚⠚⠀⠍⠊⠇⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠉⠁⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠉⠗⠕⠎⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠁⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠕⠉⠑⠁⠝⠎⠲⠀⠠⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠋⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠑⠝⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠍⠑⠎⠎⠁⠛⠑⠎⠀⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠏⠑⠑⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠝⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠕⠏⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠑
⠀⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠍⠕⠍⠑⠝⠞⠲⠀⠠⠊⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀
⠚⠥⠎⠞⠀⠗⠑⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠙⠀⠁⠀⠞⠑⠇⠑⠛⠗⠁⠍⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠠⠧⠁⠇⠑⠝⠞⠊⠁⠂
⠀⠠⠊⠗⠑⠇⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠗⠑⠁⠙⠎⠂⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠁⠝⠝⠊⠧⠑⠗⠎⠁⠗⠽⠀⠺⠊⠞⠝⠑⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠙⠥⠏⠇⠑⠭⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠁⠉⠗⠕⠎⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠁⠞⠇⠁⠝⠞⠊⠉⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠝⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀
⠋⠁⠉⠞⠤⠤⠃⠽⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠏⠁⠉⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀
⠕⠉⠑⠁⠝⠀⠉⠁⠃⠇⠑⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠙⠕⠥⠃⠇⠑⠙⠲⠀⠀⠠⠺⠓⠕⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀
⠍⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠎⠺⠊⠋⠞⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠑⠇⠇⠊⠛⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠦⠀
⠠⠁⠇⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠊⠞⠀⠗⠑⠛⠥⠇⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠗⠅⠑⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠲⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠃⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠎⠞⠊⠇⠇⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀
⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠞⠀⠃⠗⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠅⠊⠝⠙⠗⠑⠙⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠁⠝⠅⠊⠝⠙⠲⠀⠠⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀
⠁⠗⠑⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠑⠝⠑⠍⠊⠑⠎⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠊⠛⠝⠕⠗⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠁⠀⠃⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠁⠉⠟⠥⠁⠊⠝⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠇⠑⠁⠙⠎
⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠃⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠎⠞⠁⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠆⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠝⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠝⠑⠁⠗⠝⠑⠎⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠝⠑⠊⠛⠓⠃⠕⠗⠓⠕⠕⠙⠂
⠀⠁⠺⠁⠅⠑⠝⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠑⠑⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠃⠗⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠓⠕⠕⠙⠲⠀⠠⠊⠎
⠀⠊⠞⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠁⠀⠎⠊⠛⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠃⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠁⠛⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.