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Library / Biology / Scientific American, Volume 40, No. 13, March 29, 1879 / Braille

Scientific American, Volume 40, No. 13, March 29, 1879 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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260,439 braille cells · 271 embossed pages at 40×25 · 612 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠗⠽⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠋⠕⠗⠉⠊⠃⠇⠽⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠁⠞⠞⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠗⠁⠧⠑⠀⠗⠊⠎⠅⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠑⠁⠎⠑⠀⠕⠝⠀⠠⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠠⠊⠎⠇⠁⠝⠙
⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠑⠇⠎⠑⠺⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀⠑⠝⠞⠁⠊⠇⠎⠲⠀
⠠⠋⠕⠗⠞⠥⠝⠁⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠗⠊⠋⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀
⠞⠗⠁⠋⠋⠊⠉⠀⠊⠎⠀⠑⠁⠎⠞⠺⠁⠗⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀⠽⠑⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀
⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠝⠕⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠁⠛⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠊⠎⠕⠝⠀⠊⠝
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠉⠁⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠗⠁⠝⠛⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠺⠑⠎⠞⠲⠀
⠠⠥⠝⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠎⠥⠍⠍⠁⠗⠊⠇⠽⠀⠁⠗⠗⠑⠎⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠙⠊⠎⠑⠁⠎⠑⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠎⠥⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠗⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠎⠕⠥⠗⠉⠑⠎
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠉⠁⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠇⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠉⠉⠁⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠇⠕⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀⠑⠎⠞⠊⠍⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠓⠥⠝⠙⠗⠑⠙⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠊⠇⠇⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠙⠕⠇⠇⠁⠗⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀
⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠙⠊⠎⠑⠁⠎⠑⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠛⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠁⠉⠉⠑⠎⠎⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠏⠗⠕⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠺⠁⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠛⠑⠞⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠗⠊⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠞⠤⠤⠝⠁⠍⠑⠇⠽⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠍⠍⠑⠙⠊⠁⠞⠑
⠀⠅⠊⠇⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠊⠝⠋⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀⠉⠁⠞⠞⠇⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠞⠓⠕⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠙⠊⠎⠊⠝⠋⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠑⠍⠊⠎⠑⠎⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠑⠁⠎⠑⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠏⠥⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠋⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠥⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙
⠀⠊⠝⠀⠗⠑⠛⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠺⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠛⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠁⠀
⠋⠕⠕⠞⠓⠕⠇⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠏⠁⠇⠇⠊⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀
⠍⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠑⠎⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠊⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠋⠁⠊⠇⠑⠙⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠑⠗⠁⠙⠊⠉⠁⠞⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠑⠁⠎⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.