Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 315, January 14, 1882 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 315, January 14, 1882 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

226,391 braille cells · 240 embossed pages at 40×25 · 911 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠉⠕⠝⠝⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠺⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠋⠊⠛⠲⠀⠼⠉⠂⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠁⠎⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠎⠒⠀
⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠉⠥⠗⠗⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀⠑⠝⠞⠑⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠁⠞⠞⠁⠉⠓⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠎⠉⠗⠑⠺⠂⠀⠓⠂⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠀⠺⠊⠗⠑⠀⠞⠕
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠓⠁⠝⠙⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠥⠞⠁⠞⠕⠗⠀⠎⠉⠗⠑⠺⠂⠀⠇⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠤⠓⠁⠝⠙⠀⠗⠕⠇⠇⠑⠗⠂⠀⠅⠂⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠍⠥⠞⠁⠞⠕⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠁⠗⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠞⠀
⠞⠗⠁⠧⠑⠗⠎⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠑⠋⠞⠤⠓⠁⠝⠙⠀⠗⠕⠇⠇⠑⠗⠂⠀⠅⠂⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠉⠗⠑⠺⠂⠀⠇⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠛⠝⠑⠞⠀⠉⠕⠊⠇⠂⠀⠠⠁⠂⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠊⠇⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠍⠁⠛⠝⠑⠞⠂⠀⠠⠃⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠑⠗⠍⠊⠝⠁⠇⠀⠎⠉⠗⠑⠺⠂⠀⠓⠂⠀⠕⠝
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠓⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠥⠏⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠥⠏⠀⠊⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀
⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠑⠎⠞⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞
⠀⠊⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠝⠀⠗⠑⠉⠕⠗⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠛⠝⠑⠞⠀⠉⠕⠊⠇⠎⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠗⠍⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠝⠉⠇⠥⠙⠑⠙
⠀⠊⠝⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠉⠊⠗⠉⠥⠊⠞⠂⠀⠛⠊⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀
⠙⠽⠝⠁⠍⠕⠤⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠊⠉⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠝⠞⠑⠙⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠏⠥⠃⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠑⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠎⠊⠑⠍⠑⠝⠎⠂⠀
⠠⠺⠓⠑⠁⠞⠎⠞⠕⠝⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠧⠁⠗⠇⠑⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠗⠑⠉⠑⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠍⠀⠊⠝⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠀⠎⠞⠊⠇⠇⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠑⠗⠀
⠏⠑⠗⠊⠕⠙⠲⠀⠀⠠⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠁⠏⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠥⠎⠀⠠⠙⠗⠲⠀
⠠⠏⠁⠉⠊⠝⠕⠞⠞⠊⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.