Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 315, January 14, 1882 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 315, January 14, 1882 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

226,391 braille cells · 240 embossed pages at 40×25 · 727 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠓⠑⠁⠙⠀⠠⠠⠇⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀⠠⠠⠏⠁⠎⠎⠑⠝⠛⠑⠗⠀
⠠⠠⠉⠁⠗⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠧⠑⠝⠑⠑⠗⠀⠉⠑⠊⠇⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀⠎⠥⠏⠑⠗⠊⠕⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠇⠕⠞⠓⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠉⠇⠕⠞⠓⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠕⠕⠋⠤⠉⠑⠊⠇⠊⠝⠛⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑
⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠗⠅⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀⠉⠓⠁⠎⠞⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠕⠀⠎⠕⠇⠊⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠎⠥⠃⠎⠞⠁⠝⠞⠊⠁⠇⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠙⠑⠉⠕⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠁⠗⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠀⠁⠀⠏⠇⠑⠁⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠛⠗⠑⠑⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠁⠎⠞⠀⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠑⠝⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠁⠇⠀⠛⠗⠁⠊⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠕⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠙⠑⠑⠏⠑⠗⠀⠎⠓⠁⠙⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠁⠝⠙⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠕⠥⠇⠙⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠁⠗⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠁⠗⠍⠕⠝⠊⠵⠑⠀
⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠊⠕⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠁⠗⠎⠤⠤⠎⠍⠕⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠙⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠉⠁⠗⠎⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠑⠭⠁⠍⠏⠇⠑⠲⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠁⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠁⠗⠇⠕⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠙⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠤⠗⠕⠕⠍⠀⠉⠁⠗⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠙⠑⠉⠕⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠉⠑⠊⠇⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑
⠀⠊⠝⠀⠅⠑⠑⠏⠊⠝⠛⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠽⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠗⠎⠂⠀
⠃⠽⠀⠛⠊⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠁⠀⠉⠓⠁⠗⠁⠉⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠊⠝⠑⠎⠂
⠀⠉⠥⠗⠧⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠉⠕⠇⠕⠗⠎⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠎⠥⠛⠛⠑⠎⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠓⠑⠑⠗⠋⠥⠇⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠲⠀
⠠⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠓⠑⠁⠙⠀⠇⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠙⠑⠎⠑⠗⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠊⠛⠓⠑⠎⠞⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠑⠝⠙⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠝⠀
⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠊⠍⠏⠗⠕⠧⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠏⠗⠑⠧⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀
⠕⠝⠑⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠎⠞⠊⠇⠇⠀⠕⠏⠑⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.