Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Engineering & Technology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 312, December 24, 1881 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 312, December 24, 1881 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

176,505 braille cells · 185 embossed pages at 40×25 · 305 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠍⠊⠉⠗⠕⠏⠓⠕⠝⠑⠎⠂⠀⠯⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠇⠫⠀⠓⠊⠍⠀⠞⠕⠀⠑⠝⠙⠑⠁⠧⠕⠗⠀⠞⠕
⠀⠊⠝⠉⠗⠑⠁⠎⠑⠀⠮⠀⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠊⠝⠙⠥⠉⠫⠀⠉⠥⠗⠗⠢⠞⠎⠀
⠮⠍⠎⠑⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀⠃⠽⠀⠏⠗⠕⠇⠕⠝⠛⠬⠀⠸⠮⠀⠙⠥⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠗⠀
⠃⠽⠀⠉⠕⠍⠃⠔⠬⠀⠮⠍⠀⠔⠀⠎⠥⠡⠀⠁⠀⠺⠁⠽⠀⠞⠀⠮⠽⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀
⠎⠥⠉⠉⠑⠫⠀⠑⠁⠡⠀⠕⠮⠗⠂⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠺⠕⠂⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀
⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠆⠀⠯⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠮⠀⠺⠁⠽⠀⠓⠑⠀⠎⠕⠇⠧⠫⠀⠮⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠃⠇⠑⠍⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠃⠑⠛⠔⠝⠬⠲⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀
⠃⠑⠀⠗⠑⠉⠁⠇⠇⠫⠀⠞⠀⠠⠙⠗⠲⠀⠠⠓⠻⠵⠀⠸⠓⠂⠀⠋⠀⠦⠀⠋⠊⠗⠌⠀
⠑⠭⠏⠻⠊⠍⠢⠞⠎⠂⠀⠗⠑⠉⠕⠛⠝⠊⠵⠫⠀⠮⠀⠑⠋⠋⠊⠉⠊⠢⠉⠽⠀⠷⠀⠘⠹⠀
⠍⠊⠉⠗⠕⠏⠓⠕⠝⠊⠉⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠉⠞⠎⠀⠞⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠕⠃⠞⠁⠔⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠮⠀
⠎⠥⠏⠻⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠉⠜⠃⠕⠝⠀⠙⠊⠎⠅⠎⠀⠕⠗⠀⠕⠮⠗⠀
⠎⠑⠍⠊⠤⠉⠕⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠬⠀⠎⠥⠃⠌⠁⠝⠉⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠫
⠀⠘⠮⠀⠐⠥⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠻⠢⠞⠀⠁⠗⠗⠁⠝⠛⠑⠍⠢⠞⠎⠀⠯⠀⠾⠀⠧⠀⠙⠊⠧⠻⠎⠑⠀
⠛⠗⠳⠏⠬⠎⠂⠀⠃⠂⠀⠵⠀⠁⠀⠛⠢⠻⠁⠇⠀⠹⠬⠂⠀⠭⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠢⠀⠮⠀
⠓⠕⠗⠊⠵⠕⠝⠞⠁⠇⠀⠁⠗⠗⠁⠝⠛⠑⠍⠢⠞⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠛⠊⠧⠢⠀⠓⠊⠍⠀⠮
⠀⠃⠑⠌⠀⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠇⠑⠞⠀⠥⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠎⠑⠂⠀⠮⠝⠂⠀⠞⠀⠋⠳⠗
⠀⠎⠽⠌⠑⠍⠎⠀⠷⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠉⠞⠎⠀⠷⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠁⠗⠗⠁⠝⠛⠫⠀⠁⠞⠀⠮⠀⠋⠳⠗⠀⠉⠕⠗⠝⠻⠎⠀⠷⠀⠁⠝⠀⠑⠃⠕⠝⠊⠞⠑⠀
⠏⠇⠁⠞⠑⠂⠀⠠⠉⠀⠠⠉⠀⠶⠠⠋⠊⠛⠎⠲⠀⠼⠁⠀⠯⠀⠼⠃⠶⠂⠀⠁⠞⠀⠠⠁⠂⠀
⠠⠁⠂⠀⠠⠃⠂⠀⠠⠃⠂⠀⠯⠀⠞⠀⠮⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠝⠑⠉⠞⠫⠀⠾⠀⠑⠁⠡⠀
⠕⠮⠗⠂⠀⠵⠀⠩⠪⠝⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠉⠥⠞⠎⠤⠤⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠁⠽⠂⠀⠮⠀⠥⠏⠏⠻
⠀⠙⠊⠎⠅⠎⠂⠀⠑⠂⠀⠋⠂⠀⠛⠂⠀⠓⠂⠀⠏⠜⠁⠇⠇⠑⠇⠀⠾⠀⠮⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀
⠮⠀⠏⠇⠁⠞⠑⠂⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀⠇⠪⠻⠀⠙⠊⠎⠅⠎⠂⠀⠠⠁⠂⠀⠠⠁⠂⠀⠠⠃⠂⠀⠠⠃⠂⠀
⠙⠊⠁⠛⠕⠝⠁⠇⠇⠽⠲⠀⠠⠇⠑⠞⠀⠥⠀⠁⠙⠍⠊⠞⠂⠀⠋⠥⠗⠮⠗⠂⠀⠞⠀⠮⠀
⠏⠇⠁⠞⠑⠀⠏⠊⠧⠕⠞⠎⠀⠁⠃⠳⠞⠀⠁⠝⠀⠁⠭⠊⠎⠂⠀⠠⠗⠆⠀⠞⠀⠮⠀⠙⠊⠎⠅⠎

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.