Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 633, February 18, 1888 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 633, February 18, 1888 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

231,558 braille cells · 245 embossed pages at 40×25 · 943 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠁⠏⠏⠁⠗⠑⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀⠏⠑⠗⠋⠑⠉⠞⠇⠽⠀⠎⠕⠥⠝⠙⠲⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠚⠑⠉⠞⠊⠇⠑⠎
⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠏⠑⠝⠑⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠗⠍⠕⠗⠀⠏⠇⠁⠞⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠉⠁⠎⠞⠀⠎⠞⠑⠑⠇⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠁⠎⠀⠎⠓⠑⠇⠇⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀
⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠋⠕⠗⠛⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠁⠗⠙⠑⠝⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠞⠁⠇⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠑⠎⠎⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠀⠥⠇⠞⠊⠍⠁⠞⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠎⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀⠞⠺⠑⠇⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠎⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠶⠼⠁⠃⠂⠚⠚⠚⠶⠀⠁⠞⠍⠕⠎⠏⠓⠑⠗⠑⠎⠂⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠝⠀⠑⠇⠁⠎⠞⠊⠉⠀
⠇⠊⠍⠊⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠎⠊⠭⠀⠕⠗⠀⠎⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠎⠁⠝⠙
⠀⠁⠞⠍⠕⠎⠏⠓⠑⠗⠑⠎⠂⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠉⠗⠁⠉⠅⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠎⠑⠗⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀
⠑⠭⠞⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠃⠗⠑⠁⠅⠀⠥⠏⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠁⠞⠓⠑⠂⠀
⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠏⠏⠑⠗⠀⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠥⠗⠝⠑⠙⠀⠕⠥⠞⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠎⠓⠑⠇⠇⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠉⠓⠊⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠉⠁⠎⠞⠀⠊⠗⠕⠝⠀
⠎⠓⠑⠇⠇⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠑⠁⠙⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠁⠏⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠋⠇⠽⠀⠕⠋⠋⠀
⠎⠏⠕⠝⠞⠁⠝⠑⠕⠥⠎⠇⠽⠀⠑⠊⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠇⠽⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠝⠀⠎⠞⠕⠗⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠙⠥⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠏⠕⠗⠞⠲⠀
⠠⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠏⠓⠑⠝⠕⠍⠑⠝⠁⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠑⠂⠀
⠙⠑⠍⠕⠝⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠭⠊⠎⠞⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠝⠁⠇⠀
⠎⠞⠗⠑⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠍⠁⠛⠝⠊⠞⠥⠙⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠞⠁⠇⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠚⠑⠉⠞⠊⠇⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠓⠊⠛⠓⠇⠽⠀⠏⠗⠕⠃⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠝⠥⠋⠁⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠇⠑⠎⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠏⠏⠗⠕⠁⠉⠓⠑⠙⠀
⠝⠑⠁⠗⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠑⠗⠋⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠃⠑⠎⠞⠕⠺⠑⠙⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠥⠙⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠝⠁⠇⠀⠎⠞⠗⠑⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠇⠊⠁⠃⠇⠑

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.