Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 633, February 18, 1888 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 633, February 18, 1888 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

231,558 braille cells · 245 embossed pages at 40×25 · 943 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠓⠗⠊⠝⠅⠁⠛⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠛⠥⠝⠀⠓⠕⠕⠏⠎⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠏⠁⠊⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠓⠁⠗⠁⠉⠞⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠧⠁⠇⠥⠑⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠗⠑⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠁⠗⠊⠎⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠍⠁⠝⠥⠋⠁⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠆⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠺⠊⠎⠑⠀
⠊⠞⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠕⠕⠏⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠁⠗⠗⠑⠇
⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠕⠥⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠀⠍⠁⠝⠝⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠊⠋⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠚⠥⠙⠊⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀⠎⠞⠗⠑⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠑⠭⠊⠎⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠞⠁⠇⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠓⠕⠕⠏⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠏⠥⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠂
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠂⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠥⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠋⠊⠗⠑⠙⠂⠀⠊⠋⠀⠊⠞⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀
⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠎⠓⠗⠥⠝⠅⠀⠕⠝⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠑⠛⠗⠑⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠑⠝⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠥⠎⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠁⠇⠇⠕⠺⠑⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠁⠽⠑⠗⠀
⠎⠊⠞⠥⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠝⠁⠇⠀⠗⠁⠙⠊⠥⠎⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠑⠭⠞⠑⠝⠙⠑⠙⠀⠃⠑⠽⠕⠝⠙⠀⠁⠙⠍⠊⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠇⠊⠍⠊⠞⠎⠂⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠃⠽⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠛⠥⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠑⠙⠲⠼⠙⠀⠀
⠠⠋⠕⠕⠞⠝⠕⠞⠑⠀⠼⠙⠒⠀⠠⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠝⠑⠗⠀⠞⠥⠃⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠎⠞⠗⠑⠝⠛⠞⠓⠑⠝⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⠊⠗⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠊⠝⠊⠞⠊⠁⠇⠀⠕⠗⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠁⠇⠀⠎⠞⠗⠑⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠇⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠝⠑⠛⠇⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀⠕⠝⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠝⠑⠎⠎⠆⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠉⠅⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠕⠕⠏⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠇⠁⠽⠑⠗⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠃⠽⠀⠊⠝⠉⠗⠑⠁⠎⠑⠙⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠧⠁⠇⠥⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠊⠞⠊⠁⠇⠀⠎⠞⠗⠑⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠓⠕⠕⠏⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀
⠋⠁⠉⠞⠕⠗⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠗⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠑⠉⠗⠑⠁⠎⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.