Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 711, August 17, 1889 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 711, August 17, 1889 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

202,143 braille cells · 213 embossed pages at 40×25 · 282 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠇⠕⠉⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠊⠗⠕⠝⠀⠗⠬⠲⠀⠠⠹⠊⠎⠀⠗⠬⠀⠉⠀
⠉⠜⠗⠽⠀⠊⠝⠝⠥⠍⠻⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠇⠔⠑⠎⠂⠀⠯⠀⠮⠽⠀⠙⠀⠝⠀⠉⠗⠪⠙⠀⠐⠕⠀
⠁⠝⠕⠮⠗⠲⠀⠠⠭⠀⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞⠎⠀⠮⠀⠇⠔⠑⠎⠀⠑⠧⠢⠀⠞⠕⠀⠇⠢⠛⠮⠝⠀⠔⠀
⠗⠑⠁⠡⠬⠀⠭⠂⠀⠯⠀⠽⠑⠞⠂⠀⠕⠝⠀⠁⠉⠉⠳⠝⠞⠀⠷⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠇⠪⠀
⠗⠑⠎⠊⠌⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠸⠮⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠁⠛⠑⠂⠀⠮⠀⠇⠢⠛⠮⠝⠬⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠑⠟⠥⠊⠧⠁⠇⠢⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠸⠮⠀⠓⠁⠧⠬⠀⠩⠕⠗⠞⠢⠫⠀⠔⠀⠕⠮⠗⠀⠍⠫⠊⠁⠲⠀
⠠⠺⠑⠀⠺⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠎⠑⠀⠮⠀⠉⠥⠗⠗⠢⠞⠀⠝⠀⠎⠥⠋⠋⠊⠉⠊⠢⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠑⠭⠓⠁⠥⠌⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠏⠑⠉⠥⠇⠊⠜⠀⠉⠁⠏⠁⠉⠊⠞⠽⠀⠿⠀⠇⠔⠑⠎⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠮
⠀⠊⠗⠕⠝⠀⠓⠁⠎⠲⠀⠠⠑⠟⠥⠊⠇⠊⠃⠗⠊⠥⠍⠀⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠁⠡⠫⠂⠀⠮⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠕⠗⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠕⠏⠢⠫⠀⠥⠏⠀⠊⠝⠝⠥⠍⠻⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠉⠇⠕⠎⠫⠀
⠉⠊⠗⠉⠥⠊⠞⠎⠂⠀⠯⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠫⠀⠮⠍⠀⠞⠕⠀⠑⠭⠊⠌⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠗⠬⠀⠌⠊⠇⠇
⠀⠉⠇⠕⠎⠫⠆⠀⠃⠀⠔⠀⠊⠗⠕⠝⠂⠀⠝⠀⠎⠏⠁⠉⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠑⠮⠗⠀⠍⠻⠑⠇⠽⠲⠀
⠠⠮⠀⠉⠥⠗⠗⠢⠞⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠬⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠔⠥⠫⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠯
⠀⠌⠕⠗⠁⠛⠑⠀⠷⠀⠑⠝⠻⠛⠽⠀⠥⠝⠞⠊⠇⠀⠞⠕⠀⠑⠍⠊⠞⠀⠁⠝⠕⠮⠗⠀⠇⠔⠑⠀
⠔⠀⠧⠊⠑⠺⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠗⠑⠎⠊⠌⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠝⠪⠀⠋⠳⠝⠙⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠉⠗⠪⠙⠫⠀
⠊⠗⠕⠝⠀⠗⠬⠀⠊⠎⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠝⠪⠀⠇⠑⠞⠀⠥⠀⠉⠥⠞⠀⠷⠋
⠀⠮⠀⠉⠥⠗⠗⠢⠞⠲⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠎⠥⠗⠏⠗⠊⠎⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀⠋⠔⠙⠀⠁⠀⠧⠀
⠺⠑⠁⠅⠀⠑⠭⠞⠗⠁⠀⠉⠥⠗⠗⠢⠞⠂⠀⠁⠀⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠁⠃⠎⠢⠉⠑⠀⠷⠀
⠎⠑⠇⠋⠤⠊⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠝⠀⠃⠗⠑⠁⠅⠬⠂⠀⠕⠗⠂⠀⠁⠞⠀⠇⠑⠁⠌⠂⠀⠁
⠀⠛⠊⠧⠬⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠷⠀⠑⠝⠻⠛⠽⠀⠔⠀⠝⠪⠊⠎⠑⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠜⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞
⠀⠕⠝⠀⠍⠁⠅⠬⠲⠀⠠⠇⠑⠞⠀⠥⠀⠏⠥⠞⠀⠕⠝⠀⠮⠀⠉⠥⠗⠗⠢⠞⠀⠵⠀⠭⠀⠴⠀
⠃⠑⠿⠑⠲⠀⠠⠁⠝⠕⠮⠗⠀⠉⠥⠗⠊⠳⠎⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠲⠀⠠⠃⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀
⠎⠑⠇⠋⠤⠊⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠝⠪⠀⠕⠝⠀⠍⠁⠅⠬⠀⠑⠝⠻⠛⠽⠀⠝⠀
⠁⠃⠎⠕⠗⠃⠫⠲⠀⠀⠠⠝⠪⠀⠉⠥⠞⠀⠷⠋⠀⠮⠀⠉⠥⠗⠗⠢⠞⠀⠁⠛⠁⠔⠲⠀
⠠⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠀⠵⠀⠃⠑⠿⠑⠲⠀⠠⠝⠪⠀⠇⠑⠞⠀⠥⠀⠏⠥⠞⠀⠕⠝⠀⠮⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.