Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 711, August 17, 1889 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 711, August 17, 1889 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

242,775 braille cells · 257 embossed pages at 40×25 · 282 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠏⠗⠕⠧⠊⠙⠑⠀⠁⠀⠃⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠍⠑⠙⠊⠥⠍⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠇⠕⠺⠀⠕⠗
⠀⠙⠑⠧⠑⠇⠕⠏⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠁⠛⠝⠑⠞⠊⠉⠀⠇⠊⠝⠑⠎⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠉⠊⠗⠉⠥⠊⠞⠎⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠺⠕⠗⠙⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠊⠝⠑⠎⠀⠍⠁⠽
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠑⠗⠂⠀⠽⠑⠞⠀⠑⠟⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠝⠎⠑⠂⠀⠕⠗
⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠇⠊⠝⠑⠎⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠉⠗⠕⠺⠙⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀
⠎⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠍⠑⠞⠁⠇⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠊⠗⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠎⠏⠁⠉⠑⠲⠀⠠⠋⠊⠛⠎⠲⠀⠼⠙⠰⠁⠂⠀⠼⠙⠰⠃⠂⠀⠼⠙⠰⠉⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠀⠃⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠃⠽⠀⠃⠗⠊⠝⠛⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠗⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠎⠀⠝⠑⠁⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠕⠗⠲⠀
⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠋⠊⠛⠲⠀⠼⠙⠰⠁⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠋⠊⠛⠲⠀⠼⠙⠰⠃⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠋⠊⠛⠲⠀⠼⠙⠰⠉⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠎⠂⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠺⠕⠗⠙⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠑⠧⠑⠇⠕⠏⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠁⠗⠽⠀⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠕⠤⠍⠁⠛⠝⠑⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠕⠗⠎⠑⠎⠓⠕⠑
⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠝⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠇⠊⠝⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠍⠑⠙⠊⠥⠍⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠊⠝⠑⠎⠀
⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠞⠑⠝⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠓⠕⠗⠞⠑⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠙⠊⠍⠊⠝⠊⠎⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠎⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠁⠛⠑⠂⠀⠎⠕⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠁⠞⠞⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠗⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠕⠗⠀
⠞⠁⠅⠑⠎⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀
⠕⠝⠑⠀⠏⠊⠑⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠗⠕⠝⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠞⠑⠝⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠞⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠍⠎⠑⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀⠁⠗⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠕⠗⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠍⠁⠛⠝⠑⠞⠊⠉⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠉⠞⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠁⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠉⠕⠏⠏⠑⠗⠀⠃⠁⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠼⠁⠀⠊⠝⠉⠓⠀⠙⠊⠁⠍⠑⠞⠑⠗⠀
⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠗⠁⠧⠑⠗⠎⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠉⠥⠗⠗⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠼⠙⠚⠂⠚⠚⠚⠀⠞⠕⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.