Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 711, August 17, 1889 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 711, August 17, 1889 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

242,775 braille cells · 257 embossed pages at 40×25 · 378 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠊⠝⠥⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀
⠠⠛⠊⠃⠗⠁⠇⠞⠁⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠏⠕⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠂⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠀⠕⠗⠙⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠗⠑⠏⠇⠑⠝⠊⠎⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠎⠞⠕⠉⠅⠀⠕⠋⠀⠋⠥⠑⠇⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠗⠕⠧⠊⠎⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠗⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠊⠝⠀⠼⠁⠓⠓⠓⠀⠓⠁⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠗⠑⠁⠉⠓⠑⠙⠀⠼⠑⠂⠛⠁⠃⠀
⠎⠞⠑⠁⠍⠀⠧⠑⠎⠎⠑⠇⠎⠂⠀⠍⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀
⠼⠑⠂⠊⠋⠊⠂⠑⠋⠉⠀⠞⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠼⠁⠓⠓⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠼⠑⠂⠁⠓⠛⠀⠎⠞⠑⠁⠍⠀⠧⠑⠎⠎⠑⠇⠎⠂⠀
⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠝⠀⠁⠛⠛⠗⠑⠛⠁⠞⠑⠀⠞⠕⠝⠝⠁⠛⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠼⠑⠂⠉⠛⠃⠂⠊⠋⠃⠲
⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠊⠝⠉⠗⠑⠁⠎⠑⠀⠉⠁⠝⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠃⠑⠝⠑⠋⠊⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠁⠇⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠍⠁⠗⠊⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀⠞⠗⠁⠋⠋⠊⠉⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠝⠕⠺⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠍⠑⠗⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠛⠊⠃⠗⠁⠇⠞⠁⠗⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠎⠏⠊⠞⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠅⠑⠑⠝⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠑⠞⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠞⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀
⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠠⠃⠗⠊⠞⠊⠎⠓⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠑⠊⠛⠝⠀⠉⠕⠁⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠏⠕⠗⠞⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠋⠗⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠎⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠁⠙⠧⠁⠝⠉⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠋⠁⠧⠕⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠞⠑⠁⠍⠎⠓⠊⠏⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠑⠎⠞⠎⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠂⠀
⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠓⠊⠛⠓⠑⠗⠀⠏⠗⠊⠉⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠑⠝⠛⠇⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠉⠕⠁⠇⠂
⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠀⠁⠙⠧⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠗⠊⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠁⠇⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠏⠕⠗⠞⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠃⠑⠝⠑⠋⠊⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠁⠇⠀⠍⠑⠗⠉⠓⠁⠝⠞⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠎
⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠑⠎⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲⠀⠠⠁⠞
⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠥⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠏⠗⠊⠉⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠎⠞⠑⠁⠍⠀⠉⠕⠁⠇

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.