Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 620, November 19,1887 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 620, November 19,1887 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

230,565 braille cells · 244 embossed pages at 40×25 · 498 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠎⠞⠁⠏⠇⠑⠀⠊⠝⠙⠥⠎⠞⠗⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠺⠊⠙⠑⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠲
⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞
⠀⠺⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠊⠞⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠁⠀
⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠋⠕⠗⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠊⠇⠅⠀
⠗⠑⠑⠇⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠁⠀⠉⠓⠁⠝⠛⠑⠀⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠁⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀
⠓⠁⠎⠀⠁⠇⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠃⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠏⠊⠝⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠗⠑⠁⠙⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠑⠟⠥⠑⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠊⠛⠓⠑⠎⠞⠀
⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠲⠀⠠⠋⠕⠗⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀⠏⠁⠎⠞⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀
⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠙⠕⠝⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠋⠗⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠙⠑⠧⠑⠇⠕⠏⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠁⠝⠀⠁⠥⠞⠕⠍⠁⠞⠊⠉⠀⠎⠊⠇⠅⠤⠗⠑⠑⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠊⠝⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠑⠀⠝⠕⠞⠑⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠗⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠞⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍
⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠏⠥⠃⠇⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠁⠉⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠁⠇⠇⠕⠺⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠕⠥⠞⠑⠗⠀⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠝⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠑⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠀
⠝⠕⠀⠎⠥⠗⠏⠗⠊⠎⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠁⠇⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀⠊⠎⠤⠤⠓⠕⠺⠀⠑⠁⠎⠊⠇⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠕⠋⠞⠑⠝⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠧⠑⠝⠞⠕⠗⠀⠕⠗⠀⠏⠊⠕⠝⠑⠑⠗⠀⠋⠊⠝⠙⠎⠀
⠓⠊⠍⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠓⠁⠍⠏⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠏⠗⠑⠍⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀
⠏⠥⠃⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠟⠥⠑⠎⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠓⠁⠎⠀⠝⠕⠺⠂⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠑⠍⠑⠗⠛⠑⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠁⠇⠀⠎⠞⠁⠞⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠑⠲⠀⠠⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠥⠗⠞⠑⠎⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠊⠝⠧⠑⠝⠞⠕⠗⠀⠺⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠇⠁⠽⠀
⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠗⠑⠁⠙⠑⠗⠎⠀⠁⠝⠀⠑⠭⠁⠉⠞⠀⠁⠝⠁⠇⠽⠎⠊⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.