Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 623, December 10, 1887 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 623, December 10, 1887 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

225,276 braille cells · 235 embossed pages at 40×25 · 3,226 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠞⠕⠀⠠⠎⠥⠉⠉⠑⠑⠙⠂⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠙⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠥⠝⠎⠑⠇⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠺⠁⠗⠝⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠂⠀⠊⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠇⠑⠋⠞⠀⠁⠝⠀
⠊⠍⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠑⠧⠑⠗⠊⠞⠽⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠂⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑
⠀⠁⠏⠏⠁⠗⠑⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀⠎⠕⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠗⠑⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠙⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠺⠁⠗⠙⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠞⠑⠍⠏⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠊⠝⠥⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠂⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠊⠞⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠽⠕⠥⠗⠀⠠⠋⠥⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠃⠇⠑⠍⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠕⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠽⠕⠥⠗⠀⠋⠥⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠃⠇⠑⠍⠎⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠁⠞⠀⠕⠝⠉⠑⠀⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠝⠀
⠟⠥⠁⠝⠞⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠭⠂⠀⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠵⠂⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠑⠝⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠇⠏⠓⠁⠃⠑⠞⠲⠀⠠⠕⠋⠞⠑⠝⠀⠺⠕⠗⠙⠀
⠎⠽⠍⠃⠕⠇⠎⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠏⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠑⠭⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠁⠞⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠀⠙⠊⠎⠁⠏⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠁⠊⠝⠂⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠀⠗⠑⠝⠑⠺⠑⠙⠀⠑⠋⠋⠕⠗⠞⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠊⠝⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠏⠓⠁⠎⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠝⠙⠊⠧⠊⠙⠥⠁⠇⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠑⠭⠑⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠎⠑⠗⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠃⠇⠑⠍⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠽⠕⠥⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠎⠑⠉⠥⠗⠑⠀⠎⠁⠞⠊⠎⠋⠁⠉⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀⠑⠝⠛⠁⠛⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠃⠇⠑⠍⠀⠉⠁⠝⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠏⠁⠗⠁⠃⠇⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠝⠑⠑⠙⠎⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠂⠀
⠏⠁⠞⠊⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀⠥⠝⠗⠑⠍⠊⠞⠞⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠗⠑⠟⠥⠑⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀
⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠊⠝⠥⠑⠙⠀⠑⠋⠋⠕⠗⠞⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠁⠍⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠽⠕⠥⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀
⠁⠇⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠁⠉⠟⠥⠊⠗⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠏⠏⠽⠀⠋⠁⠉⠥⠇⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠍⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠽⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀⠊⠍⠍⠑⠙⠊⠁⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠥⠎⠑⠋⠥⠇⠂⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.