Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, Vol. XV., No. 388, June 9, 1883 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, Vol. XV., No. 388, June 9, 1883 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

252,878 braille cells · 268 embossed pages at 40×25 · 368 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠙⠕⠕⠍⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠎⠥⠏⠑⠗⠎⠑⠙⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠎⠞⠑⠑⠇⠲⠀
⠠⠍⠑⠉⠓⠁⠝⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠏⠥⠙⠙⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑
⠀⠏⠗⠕⠛⠗⠑⠎⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠑⠺⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠍⠏⠞⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠑⠉⠕⠝⠕⠍⠊⠵⠑⠀⠋⠥⠑⠇⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠥⠙⠙⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠋⠥⠗⠝⠁⠉⠑⠂⠀
⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠛⠁⠎⠀⠕⠗⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠺⠊⠎⠑⠂⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀
⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠎⠥⠉⠉⠑⠎⠎⠋⠥⠇⠲⠀⠠⠊⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠂⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠙⠗⠁⠺
⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠗⠅⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠎⠥⠉⠉⠑⠎⠎⠀
⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠝⠙⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠃⠊⠉⠓⠑⠗⠕⠥⠭⠀⠛⠁⠎⠀⠏⠥⠙⠙⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠑⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠋⠥⠗⠝⠁⠉⠑⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠕⠥⠛⠗⠑⠂⠀⠝⠑⠁⠗⠀
⠠⠇⠊⠑⠛⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠎⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠀⠼⠃⠚⠂⠚⠚⠚⠀⠞⠕⠝⠎⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠏⠥⠙⠙⠇⠑⠙⠀⠃⠁⠗⠎⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠝⠥⠍⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠋⠊⠋⠞⠑⠑⠝⠀
⠙⠕⠥⠃⠇⠑⠀⠋⠥⠗⠝⠁⠉⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠥⠍⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠉⠕⠁⠇⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠁⠗⠽⠀⠏⠥⠙⠙⠇⠑⠙⠀⠃⠁⠗⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠼⠁⠁⠀⠉⠺⠞⠲⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠋⠑⠗⠀⠀⠋⠊⠝⠀
⠛⠗⠁⠊⠝⠀⠶⠏⠥⠙⠙⠇⠑⠙⠀⠎⠞⠑⠑⠇⠂⠀⠑⠞⠉⠲⠶⠀⠼⠁⠋⠀⠉⠺⠞⠲⠀
⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠁⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠎⠇⠁⠉⠅⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠺⠁⠎⠞⠑⠀⠓⠑⠁⠞⠀⠗⠁⠊⠎⠑⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀⠎⠞⠑⠁⠍⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞
⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠁⠝⠀⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠁⠗⠽⠀⠙⠕⠥⠃⠇⠑⠀⠋⠥⠗⠝⠁⠉⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠥⠍⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠊⠛⠀⠊⠗⠕⠝⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠏⠥⠙⠙⠇⠑⠙⠀⠃⠁⠗⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠗⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠼⠃⠁⠀
⠉⠺⠞⠎⠲⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠀⠼⠁⠓⠓⠃⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠍⠊⠝⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠋⠑⠞⠞⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠼⠉⠉⠀⠇⠃⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠏⠁⠊⠗⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠎⠁⠊⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎
⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠁⠗⠽⠀⠋⠥⠗⠝⠁⠉⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.