Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 841, February 13, 1892 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 841, February 13, 1892 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

270,574 braille cells · 286 embossed pages at 40×25 · 489 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠧⠊⠎⠊⠞⠕⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠋⠇⠕⠺⠑⠗⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠗⠑⠁⠇⠇⠽
⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠑⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠁⠥⠞⠓⠕⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠊⠎⠉⠓⠊⠑⠋⠲⠀⠠⠊⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠕⠋⠞⠑⠝⠀
⠺⠁⠞⠉⠓⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠑⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠏⠑⠉⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠃⠇⠕⠎⠎⠕⠍⠎⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠉⠁⠗⠑⠋⠥⠇⠀⠑⠭⠁⠍⠊⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠃⠕⠞⠓
⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠧⠊⠎⠊⠞⠎⠂⠀⠁⠇⠺⠁⠽⠎⠀
⠋⠁⠊⠇⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠞⠗⠁⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠝⠚⠥⠗⠽⠲⠀
⠠⠋⠊⠝⠁⠇⠇⠽⠂⠀⠕⠝⠀⠠⠚⠥⠇⠽⠀⠼⠃⠋⠂⠀⠼⠁⠓⠊⠚⠂⠀⠠⠊⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀
⠗⠑⠺⠁⠗⠙⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠎⠑⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠃⠁⠇⠞⠊⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠕⠗⠊⠕⠇⠑⠎⠀⠧⠊⠛⠕⠗⠕⠥⠎⠇⠽⠀⠏⠑⠉⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠞
⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠑⠁⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠏⠑⠝⠀⠁⠀⠇⠕⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠋⠗⠑⠎⠓⠀
⠃⠇⠕⠎⠎⠕⠍⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠕⠃⠎⠑⠗⠧⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀
⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠺⠁⠗⠙⠀⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠗⠊⠕⠇⠑⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠙⠕⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠎⠥⠗⠏⠗⠊⠎⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠝⠀⠓⠁⠃⠊⠞⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝
⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠋⠇⠕⠺⠑⠗⠎⠲⠀⠠⠚⠲⠠⠛⠲⠀⠠⠠⠚⠁⠉⠅⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠍⠗⠲⠀⠠⠚⠁⠉⠅⠀⠁⠙⠙⠎⠀⠁⠀⠇⠊⠎⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠊⠭⠞⠑⠑⠝⠀⠏⠇⠁⠝⠞⠎
⠀⠺⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠋⠇⠕⠺⠑⠗⠎⠀⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠎⠑⠑⠝⠀⠏⠥⠝⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠗⠏⠑⠝⠞⠑⠗⠀⠃⠑⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠑⠧⠑⠝⠞⠑⠑⠝⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠎⠀
⠺⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠋⠇⠕⠺⠑⠗⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠏⠥⠝⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠓⠥⠍⠃⠇⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠀⠝⠁⠍⠑⠎⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠗⠞⠽⠀
⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠋⠇⠕⠺⠑⠗⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀
⠏⠑⠗⠋⠕⠗⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠕⠥⠞⠀⠓⠁⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠎⠑⠑⠝⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠊⠙⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠥⠞⠓⠕⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.