Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

234,778 braille cells · 249 embossed pages at 40×25 · 583 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠼⠃⠚⠀⠀⠼⠁⠁⠀⠋⠞⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠠⠇⠊⠎⠃⠕⠝⠂⠀⠠⠕⠲⠂⠀⠟⠥⠁⠗⠗⠽⠀
⠁⠀⠃⠇⠕⠉⠅⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠁⠝⠙⠎⠞⠕⠝⠑⠀⠼⠃⠚⠚⠀⠋⠞⠲⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠂⠀⠼⠃⠓⠀
⠋⠞⠲⠀⠺⠊⠙⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠼⠁⠑⠀⠋⠞⠲⠀⠞⠓⠊⠉⠅⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠍⠕⠧⠑⠙⠀
⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠀⠊⠝⠲⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠀⠃⠇⠁⠎⠞⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠃⠇⠕⠉⠅⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀
⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠺⠁⠗⠙⠀⠉⠥⠞⠀⠥⠏⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠎⠽⠎⠞⠑⠍⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠃⠇⠕⠉⠅⠎⠀⠼⠋⠀⠋⠞⠲⠀⠎⠟⠥⠁⠗⠑⠲⠀⠠⠁⠀⠎⠁⠝⠙⠎⠞⠕⠝⠑⠀
⠃⠕⠺⠇⠙⠑⠗⠀⠼⠛⠚⠀⠋⠞⠲⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠂⠀⠁⠧⠑⠗⠁⠛⠑⠀⠺⠊⠙⠞⠓⠀⠼⠑⠚⠀
⠋⠞⠲⠂⠀⠁⠧⠑⠗⠁⠛⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠉⠅⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠼⠁⠉⠀⠋⠞⠲⠂⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀
⠑⠍⠃⠑⠙⠙⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠗⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠙⠑⠏⠞⠓⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠼⠛⠀⠋⠞⠲⠀⠠⠁⠀⠎⠊⠝⠛⠇⠑⠀⠓⠕⠇⠑⠀⠼⠓⠀⠋⠞⠲⠀⠙⠑⠑⠏⠀
⠺⠁⠎⠀⠉⠓⠁⠗⠛⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠼⠃⠚⠀⠕⠵⠲⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠕⠺⠙⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠕⠉⠅⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠎⠏⠇⠊⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠎⠞⠗⠁⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠇⠊⠝⠑⠀
⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠑⠝⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠑⠝⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠑⠝⠞⠊⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠃⠕⠞⠞⠕⠍⠲⠀⠠⠁⠀⠇⠑⠙⠛⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠁⠝⠙⠎⠞⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠏⠑⠝⠀⠕⠝⠀
⠊⠞⠎⠀⠋⠁⠉⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠑⠝⠙⠎⠂⠀⠼⠁⠁⠚⠀⠀⠼⠁⠉⠀⠀⠼⠓⠀
⠋⠞⠲⠂⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠍⠕⠧⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠀⠃⠇⠁⠎⠞⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠼⠉⠀⠊⠝⠲⠀
⠺⠊⠞⠓⠕⠥⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠗⠕⠉⠅⠂⠀⠼⠓⠀
⠓⠕⠇⠑⠎⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠥⠎⠑⠙⠂⠀⠙⠗⠊⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀⠍⠑⠝⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠚⠥⠎⠞⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠙⠁⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠼⠁⠑⠀⠕⠵⠲⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠕⠺⠙⠑⠗⠀
⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠥⠎⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠓⠕⠇⠑⠲⠀⠠⠁⠀⠎⠁⠝⠙⠎⠞⠕⠝⠑⠀
⠇⠑⠙⠛⠑⠂⠀⠕⠏⠑⠝⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠁⠉⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠑⠝⠙⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠂⠀
⠼⠃⠚⠚⠀⠀⠼⠃⠓⠀⠀⠼⠁⠑⠀⠋⠞⠲⠂⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠼⠓⠙⠂⠚⠚⠚⠀
⠉⠥⠲⠀⠋⠞⠲⠀⠎⠞⠕⠝⠑⠂⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠍⠕⠧⠑⠙⠀⠀⠊⠝⠲⠀⠃⠽⠀⠼⠃⠑⠀
⠓⠕⠇⠑⠎⠂⠀⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠼⠁⠀⠇⠃⠲⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠕⠺⠙⠑⠗⠲
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.