Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

234,778 braille cells · 249 embossed pages at 40×25 · 583 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠑⠭⠊⠎⠞⠑⠙⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠞⠀⠎⠥⠛⠁⠗⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠕⠗⠽⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀
⠼⠁⠓⠊⠚⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠕⠞⠁⠇⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠕⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀
⠼⠁⠙⠚⠆⠀⠇⠁⠎⠞⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠀⠼⠉⠛⠚⠂⠚⠚⠚⠀⠁⠉⠗⠑⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀
⠏⠇⠁⠝⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠃⠑⠑⠞⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠽⠊⠑⠇⠙⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀
⠼⠉⠂⠛⠚⠚⠂⠚⠚⠚⠀⠞⠕⠝⠎⠆⠀⠽⠊⠑⠇⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠥⠛⠁⠗⠀⠁⠧⠑⠗⠁⠛⠑⠙
⠀⠼⠃⠂⠛⠚⠚⠀⠇⠃⠲⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀⠁⠉⠗⠑⠆⠀⠼⠙⠚⠂⠚⠚⠚⠀⠓⠁⠝⠙⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑
⠀⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠙⠥⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠁⠎⠞⠀⠼⠃⠙⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀
⠼⠁⠛⠂⠊⠚⠚⠂⠚⠚⠚⠀⠞⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠁⠇⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠥⠍⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠉⠁⠏⠁⠉⠊⠞⠽⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀
⠋⠁⠉⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠺⠀⠋⠁⠗⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠍⠑⠗⠇⠽⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀⠎⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀
⠎⠥⠛⠁⠗⠀⠗⠑⠋⠊⠝⠑⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠃⠕⠓⠑⠍⠊⠁⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠉⠕⠍⠍⠑⠗⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀⠁⠗⠗⠁⠝⠛⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠠⠛⠑⠗⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀
⠓⠁⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠑⠗⠍⠊⠝⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠋⠁⠧⠕⠗⠁⠃⠇⠽⠂⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠥⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠃⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠁⠗⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀
⠠⠊⠞⠁⠇⠽⠂⠀⠠⠗⠕⠥⠍⠁⠝⠊⠁⠂⠀⠠⠎⠑⠗⠧⠊⠁⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠠⠎⠺⠊⠞⠵⠑⠗⠇⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠝⠙⠥⠉⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠀⠞⠕⠀⠑⠝⠞⠑⠗⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠽⠲⠀⠠⠎⠥⠛⠁⠗⠎⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠗⠽⠀⠇⠁⠎⠞⠀⠝⠁⠍⠑⠙⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠼⠉⠑⠂⠓⠊⠃⠀⠞⠕⠝⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠼⠁⠓⠓⠊⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠼⠙⠉⠂⠉⠚⠚⠀⠞⠕⠝⠎⠀⠙⠥⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠼⠁⠓⠊⠚⠲⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠃⠑⠇⠛⠊⠥⠍⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠋⠀⠋⠗⠑⠎⠓⠀⠉⠕⠎⠎⠑⠞⠞⠑⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠋⠑⠙⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠉⠕⠺⠎⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠟⠥⠁⠝⠞⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀⠙⠊⠑⠍⠀
⠗⠑⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠼⠃⠚⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀⠉⠑⠝⠞⠲⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠁⠝⠊⠍⠁⠇⠄⠎⠀⠺⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠲⠀⠠⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠋⠥⠎⠑⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠎⠊⠇⠕⠑⠙

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.