Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

234,778 braille cells · 249 embossed pages at 40×25 · 583 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠁⠉⠊⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠁⠍⠕⠥⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠇⠊⠍⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙
⠀⠑⠁⠗⠞⠓⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠙⠙⠑⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠍⠃⠊⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠎⠀
⠁⠝⠀⠑⠭⠉⠑⠇⠇⠑⠝⠞⠀⠋⠑⠗⠞⠊⠇⠊⠵⠑⠗⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀
⠉⠗⠕⠏⠎⠲⠀⠠⠁⠀⠙⠊⠎⠑⠁⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠃⠇⠁⠉⠅⠑⠝⠎⠀⠽⠕⠥⠝⠛⠀
⠃⠑⠑⠞⠀⠇⠑⠁⠧⠑⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠙⠥⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀
⠍⠊⠉⠗⠕⠎⠉⠕⠏⠊⠉⠀⠊⠝⠎⠑⠉⠞⠲⠀⠠⠊⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠞⠀⠎⠑⠑⠙⠀⠃⠑
⠀⠎⠁⠞⠥⠗⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠏⠓⠑⠝⠊⠉⠀⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀
⠏⠇⠁⠝⠞⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠊⠉⠥⠇⠞⠽⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠕⠧⠑⠗⠉⠕⠍⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠎⠕⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀
⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠎⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠍⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠎⠑⠑⠙⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠙⠑⠞⠁⠊⠇⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠝⠕⠞
⠀⠽⠑⠞⠀⠏⠥⠃⠇⠊⠉⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠇⠁⠊⠍⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇
⠀⠃⠑⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠛⠗⠕⠺⠀⠎⠑⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀
⠽⠊⠑⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠑⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠝⠀⠟⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀
⠙⠑⠞⠑⠗⠍⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠙⠧⠁⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠁⠀⠏⠗⠕⠃⠇⠑⠍⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀
⠓⠁⠎⠀⠓⠊⠞⠓⠑⠗⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠊⠞⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠎⠥⠗⠏⠗⠊⠎⠑⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠗⠑⠁⠙⠑⠗⠎⠀⠞⠕
⠀⠇⠑⠁⠗⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠋⠀⠞⠕⠏⠎⠀⠕⠗⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠓⠁⠇⠋⠀⠃⠑⠑⠞⠎⠀
⠁⠗⠑⠀⠏⠇⠁⠝⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠀⠎⠑⠑⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠟⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠆⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠎⠕⠕⠝⠀⠁⠎⠀⠎⠑⠑⠙⠀⠎⠞⠁⠇⠅⠎⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠕⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠕⠕⠞⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠁⠗⠽⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠞⠀⠎⠑⠗⠧⠑⠎
⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠽⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠍⠑⠙⠊⠥⠍⠀⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙
⠀⠎⠕⠊⠇⠶⠦⠶⠀⠀⠠⠎⠏⠗⠁⠽⠑⠙⠀⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠥⠎⠑⠙⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.