Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 829, November 21, 1891 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 829, November 21, 1891 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

225,135 braille cells · 237 embossed pages at 40×25 · 655 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠇⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝
⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠗⠑⠉⠑⠝⠞⠀⠁⠇⠇⠥⠧⠊⠁⠇⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠝⠕⠀⠕⠊⠇⠀⠊⠎⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠂⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀
⠇⠁⠞⠑⠎⠞⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠕⠉⠅⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠑⠗⠞⠊⠁⠗⠽⠀⠏⠑⠗⠊⠕⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠀⠺⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠎⠕⠇⠊⠙⠀⠏⠁⠗⠁⠋⠋⠊⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠇⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠑⠭⠉⠇⠥⠎⠊⠧⠑⠇⠽⠀
⠍⠑⠞⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠆⠀⠞⠓⠥⠎⠀⠓⠑⠇⠏⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠇⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠑⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠙⠑⠉⠕⠍⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠊⠇⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠁⠀
⠗⠑⠎⠊⠙⠥⠑⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠊⠇⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝
⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠊⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠕⠋⠋⠲⠀⠠⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠇⠥⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠋⠁⠉⠞⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠎⠞⠗⠕⠝⠛⠇⠽⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠁⠗⠁⠋⠋⠊⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠑⠗⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠊⠞⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠏⠥⠗⠑⠗⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠋⠞⠑⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠋⠁⠗⠀
⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠑⠗⠀⠉⠕⠇⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠗⠥⠙⠑⠀⠕⠊⠇⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀
⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠎⠑⠀⠊⠋⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠁⠇⠀⠎⠥⠃⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠕⠝⠀⠑⠭⠁⠍⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠊⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠍⠁⠏⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠓⠊⠑⠋⠀⠕⠊⠇⠤⠃⠑⠁⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠇⠕⠉⠁⠇⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠝⠕⠞⠊⠉⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠏⠗⠕⠇⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀⠎⠏⠕⠞⠎⠀
⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠀⠋⠁⠊⠗⠇⠽⠀⠁⠉⠉⠥⠗⠁⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠕⠥⠗⠀
⠇⠊⠝⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠗⠽⠂⠀⠎⠕⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠞⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀
⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠏⠗⠕⠃⠁⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠁⠀
⠉⠕⠁⠎⠞⠀⠇⠊⠝⠑⠀⠺⠓⠑⠗⠑⠕⠝⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠝⠞⠗⠁⠞⠑⠙
⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠉⠇⠊⠍⠁⠞⠊⠉⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠎⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠝⠊⠍⠁⠇

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.