Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 829, November 21, 1891 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 829, November 21, 1891 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

225,135 braille cells · 237 embossed pages at 40×25 · 897 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠉⠉⠑⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠇⠑⠙⠛⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠁⠝⠛⠑⠝⠞⠊⠁⠇⠀⠧⠑⠇⠕⠉⠊⠞⠽⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠁⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑
⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠊⠝⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠁⠇⠀⠕⠗⠀⠥⠝⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠁⠙⠧⠁⠝⠞⠁⠛⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠗⠑⠏⠇⠁⠉⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠥⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠀⠍⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠇⠊⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠕⠃⠧⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠍⠍⠑⠙⠊⠁⠞⠑⠲⠀
⠠⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠙⠍⠊⠗⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀⠉⠁⠗⠗⠊⠑⠙⠀⠕⠝⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠠⠏⠕⠞⠎⠙⠁⠍⠀⠙⠥⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠁⠎⠞⠀⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀
⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠎⠕⠕⠝⠀⠁⠋⠋⠕⠗⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠙⠕⠊⠝⠛⠀⠎⠕⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠂⠀⠊⠋⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠁⠀⠏⠗⠑⠇⠊⠍⠊⠝⠁⠗⠽⠀
⠊⠝⠧⠑⠎⠞⠊⠛⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠕⠇⠁⠗⠀⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠃⠁⠎⠑⠙⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠍⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠓⠕⠞⠕⠛⠗⠁⠏⠓⠑⠙⠀
⠎⠞⠑⠇⠇⠁⠗⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠗⠁⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠊⠉⠥⠇⠞⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠝⠂⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠙⠀⠑⠊⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠃⠽⠀⠊⠝⠁⠉⠉⠥⠗⠁⠉⠊⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠎⠞⠁⠗⠀⠉⠁⠞⠁⠇⠕⠛⠥⠑⠎⠀⠕⠗⠀⠃⠽⠀⠊⠛⠝⠕⠗⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠞⠁⠗⠀
⠙⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠉⠕⠍⠑⠆⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠁⠀⠞⠓⠊⠗⠙⠂⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠎⠥⠗⠍⠕⠥⠝⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠕⠥⠞⠀⠍⠊⠎⠛⠊⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕
⠀⠃⠑⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠲⠀⠠⠁⠇⠇⠀⠊⠝⠟⠥⠊⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠙⠧⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠎⠽⠎⠞⠑⠍⠀
⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠎⠏⠁⠉⠑⠀⠎⠞⠁⠗⠞⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠝⠀⠓⠽⠏⠕⠞⠓⠑⠎⠊⠎⠀
⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠥⠝⠇⠊⠅⠑⠇⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠞⠗⠥⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠀
⠥⠝⠊⠋⠕⠗⠍⠇⠽⠀⠁⠙⠕⠏⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠤⠤⠁⠝⠙⠀⠝⠕⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠁⠧⠁⠊⠇⠁⠃⠇⠑⠤⠤⠊⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠓⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀
⠍⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠁⠗⠎⠀⠶⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠎⠕⠤⠉⠁⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.