Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement No. 819 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement No. 819 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

186,676 braille cells · 197 embossed pages at 40×25 · 405 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠁⠏⠏⠑⠜⠁⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠕⠃⠞⠁⠔⠎⠀⠔⠀⠠⠊⠞⠁⠇⠽⠀⠯⠀⠠⠛⠻⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠮⠀
⠎⠁⠞⠊⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠇⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠋⠁⠛⠕⠞⠞⠕⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠋⠁⠛⠕⠞⠞⠲⠀⠠⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠷⠀⠺⠕⠕⠙⠂⠀⠯⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠝⠂⠀⠕⠺⠬⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠸⠍⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠊⠉⠥⠇⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠵⠀⠽⠑⠞⠀⠥⠝⠎⠥⠗⠍⠳⠝⠞⠫⠂⠀
⠥⠝⠙⠻⠛⠕⠝⠑⠀⠘⠹⠀⠡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠉⠕⠝⠌⠗⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠀⠓⠀
⠏⠜⠞⠇⠽⠀⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠿⠍⠫⠀⠕⠮⠗⠀⠺⠕⠕⠙⠀⠺⠔⠙⠀⠊⠝⠌⠗⠥⠍⠢⠞⠎⠲⠀
⠠⠋⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠤⠤⠯⠀⠏⠻⠓⠁⠏⠎⠀⠮⠀⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠊⠞⠽⠀⠷⠀⠁⠀
⠃⠁⠎⠎⠕⠕⠝⠀⠏⠇⠁⠽⠻⠀⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠬⠀⠊⠝⠞⠊⠍⠁⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠋⠁⠍⠊⠇⠊⠜⠀
⠾⠀⠦⠀⠊⠝⠌⠗⠥⠍⠢⠞⠤⠤⠃⠁⠎⠎⠕⠕⠝⠎⠀⠃⠽⠀⠐⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠕⠇⠙⠻⠀
⠍⠁⠅⠻⠎⠤⠤⠝⠕⠞⠁⠃⠇⠽⠂⠀⠠⠎⠁⠧⠕⠗⠽⠤⠤⠁⠗⠑⠀⠌⠊⠇⠇⠀⠎⠳⠛⠓⠞⠀
⠁⠋⠞⠻⠂⠀⠔⠀⠏⠗⠑⠋⠻⠢⠉⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠀⠍⠕⠙⠻⠝⠀⠕⠝⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀
⠊⠝⠌⠗⠥⠍⠢⠞⠂⠀⠁⠇⠹⠳⠛⠓⠀⠾⠀⠑⠭⠞⠗⠁⠕⠗⠙⠔⠜⠽⠀
⠁⠙⠧⠁⠝⠞⠁⠛⠑⠎⠀⠔⠀⠞⠕⠝⠑⠂⠀⠐⠡⠂⠀⠯⠀⠁⠙⠁⠏⠞⠁⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠞
⠀⠗⠢⠙⠻⠀⠭⠀⠧⠁⠇⠥⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠕⠎⠻⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠽⠑⠞⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠫⠀⠯⠀⠉⠁⠏⠗⠊⠉⠊⠳⠎⠀⠿⠀⠮⠀⠏⠻⠿⠍⠻⠆⠀⠃⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀
⠧⠀⠊⠍⠏⠻⠋⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠗⠑⠍⠕⠧⠑⠀⠭⠀⠋⠀⠮⠀⠍⠑⠡⠁⠝⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀
⠞⠢⠙⠢⠉⠊⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠁⠛⠑⠂⠀⠷⠞⠢⠀⠙⠁⠍⠁⠛⠬⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠗⠞⠆⠀⠯⠂⠀
⠵⠀⠮⠀⠏⠇⠁⠽⠻⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠧⠀⠍⠥⠡⠀⠘⠥⠀⠦⠀⠑⠜⠀⠿⠀
⠉⠕⠗⠗⠑⠉⠞⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀⠛⠑⠞⠎⠂⠀⠔⠀⠗⠑⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀
⠝⠑⠜⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠍⠁⠝⠊⠏⠥⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠌⠗⠬⠫⠀
⠊⠝⠌⠗⠥⠍⠢⠞⠎⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠃⠁⠎⠎⠕⠕⠝⠎⠀⠏⠇⠁⠽⠀⠗⠑⠁⠙⠊⠇⠽⠀⠾⠀⠮⠀
⠧⠊⠕⠇⠕⠝⠉⠑⠇⠇⠕⠎⠂⠀⠸⠮⠀⠥⠝⠊⠞⠫⠀⠞⠕⠝⠑⠀⠃⠑⠬⠀⠷⠞⠢⠀
⠁⠙⠧⠁⠝⠞⠁⠛⠑⠳⠎⠀⠿⠀⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠲⠀⠠⠱⠢⠀⠝⠀⠎⠀⠥⠎⠫⠂⠀⠭⠀
⠋⠁⠇⠇⠎⠀⠃⠁⠉⠅⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠁⠇⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠩⠊⠏⠀
⠾⠀⠮⠀⠺⠕⠕⠙⠀⠺⠔⠙⠀⠙⠊⠧⠊⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠕⠗⠡⠑⠌⠗⠁⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.