Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement No. 819 / Braille
Scientific American Supplement No. 819 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
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225,414 braille cells · 240 embossed pages at 40×25 · 405 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠊⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠍⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠗⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠎⠁⠉⠗⠊⠋⠊⠉⠑⠀ ⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠃⠑⠁⠥⠞⠊⠋⠥⠇⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠝⠎⠑⠇⠽⠀ ⠉⠕⠇⠕⠗⠑⠙⠀⠧⠕⠊⠉⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠕⠗⠉⠓⠑⠎⠞⠗⠁⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑ ⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠎⠑⠧⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠉⠇⠁⠗⠊⠝⠑⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠧⠁⠗⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀ ⠏⠊⠞⠉⠓⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠑⠗⠇⠽⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠥⠎⠑⠙ ⠀⠝⠕⠺⠂⠀⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠊⠉⠥⠇⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠇⠁⠽⠊⠝⠛ ⠀⠑⠭⠉⠑⠏⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠓⠁⠝⠙⠽⠀⠅⠑⠽⠎⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠙⠑⠗⠝⠀ ⠕⠗⠉⠓⠑⠎⠞⠗⠁⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠁⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠃⠀⠋⠇⠁⠞⠀⠉⠇⠁⠗⠊⠝⠑⠞⠎⠀ ⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠥⠎⠑⠙⠆⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠊⠇⠊⠞⠁⠗⠽⠀⠃⠁⠝⠙⠂ ⠀⠠⠃⠀⠋⠇⠁⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠑⠀⠋⠇⠁⠞⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠉⠀⠉⠇⠁⠗⠊⠝⠑⠞⠀ ⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀⠥⠎⠑⠙⠀⠝⠕⠺⠲⠀⠠⠁⠇⠇⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠀⠊⠝⠀ ⠞⠕⠝⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠟⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠆⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠁⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠕⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀ ⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠃⠀⠋⠇⠁⠞⠆⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠉⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠓⠗⠊⠇⠇⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑ ⠀⠠⠃⠀⠋⠇⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠧⠊⠗⠞⠥⠕⠎⠕⠀⠊⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠍⠑⠝⠞⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝ ⠀⠍⠊⠇⠊⠞⠁⠗⠽⠀⠃⠁⠝⠙⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠇⠁⠗⠊⠝⠑⠞⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠧⠊⠕⠇⠊⠝⠀ ⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠗⠉⠓⠑⠎⠞⠗⠁⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀ ⠁⠇⠺⠁⠽⠎⠀⠉⠓⠁⠗⠁⠉⠞⠑⠗⠊⠎⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠲⠀ ⠠⠁⠇⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠊⠝⠞⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠠⠓⠁⠝⠙⠑⠇⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠃⠁⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠕⠎⠑⠗⠎⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀ ⠝⠕⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠞⠲⠀⠠⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠠⠍⠕⠵⠁⠗⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀ ⠃⠑⠉⠁⠍⠑⠀⠁⠀⠇⠑⠁⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠗⠉⠓⠑⠎⠞⠗⠁⠇⠀⠊⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠍⠑⠝⠞⠲⠀ ⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠃⠁⠎⠎⠑⠞⠀⠓⠕⠗⠝⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠎⠑⠝⠎⠥⠕⠥⠎⠇⠽⠀⠃⠑⠁⠥⠞⠊⠋⠥⠇⠀⠁⠇⠞⠕⠀⠉⠇⠁⠗⠊⠝⠑⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠑ ⠀⠋⠇⠁⠞⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠇⠁⠗⠊⠝⠑⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.