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Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement No. 819 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement No. 819 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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225,414 braille cells · 240 embossed pages at 40×25 · 665 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠁⠝⠛⠇⠑⠎⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀
⠉⠓⠁⠝⠝⠑⠇⠎⠀⠁⠇⠕⠝⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠊⠉⠊⠞⠽⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠧⠊⠞⠽⠀
⠶⠊⠝⠧⠑⠗⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠗⠑⠎⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠶⠀⠊⠎⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠞⠕⠞⠁⠇⠀⠎⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠧⠑⠗⠎⠑⠇⠽⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠕⠝⠀⠇⠑⠝⠛⠞⠓⠂⠀
⠺⠓⠁⠞⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠃⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠊⠝⠙⠊⠧⠊⠙⠥⠁⠇⠀⠎⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀
⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠂⠀⠁⠙⠧⠁⠝⠞⠁⠛⠑⠕⠥⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠁⠎⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀
⠕⠏⠑⠝⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠁⠎⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠺⠓⠕⠇⠇⠽⠀⠙⠥⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠁⠏⠊⠇⠇⠁⠗⠽⠀⠏⠓⠑⠝⠕⠍⠑⠝⠁⠲⠀
⠠⠺⠑⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠑⠝⠙⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠑⠭⠏⠑⠇⠀⠛⠁⠎⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠁⠀⠝⠁⠗⠗⠕⠺⠀⠞⠥⠃⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠥⠗⠑⠀⠊⠝⠧⠑⠗⠎⠑⠇⠽⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠞⠥⠃⠑⠄⠎⠀⠗⠁⠙⠊⠥⠎⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠕⠗⠙⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠗⠁⠧⠑⠗⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠞⠥⠃⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠁⠎⠑⠕⠥⠎⠀⠍⠁⠎⠎⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠑⠭⠑⠗⠞⠀⠁⠀⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠑⠗⠤⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠥⠗⠑⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀
⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠉⠁⠏⠊⠇⠇⠁⠗⠽⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠥⠗⠑⠲⠀⠠⠁⠎⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠺⠑⠞⠀⠺⠁⠇⠇⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠙⠑⠛⠗⠑⠑⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠏⠊⠇⠇⠁⠗⠽⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠎⠞⠀
⠉⠓⠁⠝⠝⠑⠇⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠁⠎⠑⠎⠀⠙⠊⠎⠑⠝⠛⠁⠛⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠺⠕
⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠊⠝⠀
⠑⠝⠞⠊⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠎⠑⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠑⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠕⠗⠙⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀

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