Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement No. 822 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement No. 822 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

260,855 braille cells · 276 embossed pages at 40×25 · 651 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠠⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠎⠕⠕⠝⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀
⠃⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠋⠕⠥⠗⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠊⠝⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠎⠞⠊⠇⠇⠀
⠃⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠥⠞⠁⠞⠕⠗⠀⠃⠁⠗⠎⠀
⠶⠕⠗⠀⠉⠕⠊⠇⠎⠶⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠊⠝⠉⠗⠑⠁⠎⠑⠙⠂⠀⠥⠏⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀
⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠇⠊⠍⠊⠞⠲⠀⠠⠚⠥⠎⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠥⠇⠎⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎
⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠊⠝⠥⠕⠥⠎⠀⠉⠥⠗⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠙⠽⠝⠁⠍⠕⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀
⠙⠑⠞⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠁⠇⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠎⠕⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠏⠥⠇⠎⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠋⠑⠺⠤⠏⠓⠁⠎⠑⠙⠀
⠁⠇⠞⠑⠗⠝⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠉⠥⠗⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠍⠕⠞⠕⠗⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠍⠁⠝⠊⠋⠑⠎⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠎⠑⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠺⠁⠽⠎⠤⠤⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠊⠝⠥⠕⠥⠎⠀
⠉⠥⠗⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠍⠕⠞⠕⠗⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀⠎⠏⠁⠗⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠁⠇⠞⠑⠗⠝⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠉⠥⠗⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠍⠕⠞⠕⠗⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠙⠑⠞⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠁⠇⠀⠊⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠇⠽⠊⠝⠛⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀⠎⠽⠎⠞⠑⠍⠀
⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠎⠑⠑⠝⠀⠃⠑⠎⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠋⠊⠛⠎⠲⠀⠼⠙⠂⠀⠼⠑⠂⠀⠼⠋⠂⠀
⠼⠛⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠼⠓⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠠⠋⠊⠛⠲⠀⠼⠙⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠝⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀
⠉⠥⠗⠗⠑⠝⠞⠎⠂⠀⠠⠊⠼⠁⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠊⠼⠃⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠀
⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠝⠀⠁⠝⠛⠇⠑⠂⠀⠠⠙⠲⠀
⠠⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠉⠥⠗⠗⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀
⠝⠑⠊⠛⠓⠃⠕⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠉⠥⠗⠗⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠑⠀⠗⠕⠞⠁⠗⠽⠀
⠉⠥⠗⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠎⠽⠎⠞⠑⠍⠲⠀⠠⠝⠕⠺⠂⠀⠊⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀
⠉⠥⠗⠗⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠃⠑⠀⠥⠝⠊⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠕⠝⠑⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠝⠀⠊⠝
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠉⠥⠗⠗⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀⠠⠊⠂⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.