Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Forty Centuries of Ink / Braille

Forty Centuries of Ink ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

511,905 braille cells · 538 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,898 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠌⠥⠙⠊⠫⠀⠿⠀⠐⠎⠀⠐⠞⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠆⠀⠓⠑⠀⠑⠭⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠫⠀⠀⠦
⠀⠋⠑⠜⠀⠞⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠮⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠁⠝⠉⠊⠢⠞⠎⠀⠺⠳⠇⠙⠀⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠙⠑⠌⠗⠕⠽⠫⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠌⠊⠇⠇⠂⠀⠓⠪⠑⠧⠻⠂⠀⠮⠗⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠮⠀
⠗⠑⠍⠁⠔⠎⠀⠷⠀⠹⠗⠑⠑⠀⠀⠇⠊⠃⠗⠜⠊⠑⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠠⠉⠕⠝⠌⠁⠝⠞⠔⠕⠏⠇⠑⠒⠀⠮⠀⠋⠊⠗⠌⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠫⠀⠞⠀⠀⠷⠀
⠠⠉⠕⠝⠌⠁⠝⠞⠔⠑⠀⠮⠀⠠⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠆⠀⠮⠀⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀⠿⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠀
⠗⠁⠝⠅⠎⠀⠷⠀⠏⠀⠾⠳⠞⠀⠙⠊⠌⠔⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠆⠀⠮⠀⠹⠊⠗⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀⠔⠀⠀⠮⠀
⠏⠁⠇⠁⠉⠑⠂⠀⠯⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠫⠀⠮⠀⠠⠕⠞⠞⠕⠍⠁⠝⠀⠇⠊⠃⠗⠜⠽⠆⠀⠃⠀
⠁⠀⠋⠊⠗⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠥⠍⠫⠀⠁⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠐⠏⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠏⠁⠇⠁⠉⠑⠂⠀⠯⠀
⠁⠇⠍⠕⠌⠀⠮⠀⠱⠕⠇⠑⠀⠇⠊⠃⠗⠜⠽⠂⠀⠱⠢⠀⠵⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠎⠫⠂⠀⠀
⠠⠇⠊⠧⠽⠀⠯⠀⠁⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠸⠍⠀⠧⠁⠇⠥⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀
⠁⠝⠉⠊⠢⠞⠎⠀⠀⠏⠻⠊⠩⠫⠲⠀⠠⠋⠁⠮⠗⠀⠠⠏⠕⠎⠎⠑⠧⠊⠥⠎⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀
⠛⠊⠧⠢⠀⠁⠝⠀⠀⠁⠉⠉⠳⠝⠞⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠇⠊⠃⠗⠜⠊⠑⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠠⠉⠕⠝⠌⠁⠝⠞⠔⠕⠏⠇⠑⠂⠀⠯⠀⠔⠀⠀⠕⠮⠗⠀⠏⠜⠞⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠠⠞⠥⠗⠅⠊⠩
⠀⠙⠕⠍⠔⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠔⠀⠦⠀⠑⠭⠉⠑⠇⠇⠢⠞⠀⠀⠐⠺⠀⠑⠝⠞⠊⠞⠇⠫⠂⠀
⠠⠁⠏⠏⠜⠁⠞⠥⠎⠀⠠⠎⠁⠉⠻⠲⠀⠶⠠⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠎⠀⠀⠁⠞⠞⠢⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕
⠀⠝⠕⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠹⠁⠝⠀⠎⠊⠭⠀⠹⠳⠎⠯⠀⠁⠥⠹⠕⠗⠎⠲⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠸⠍⠀
⠕⠮⠗⠀⠇⠕⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠬⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠁⠝⠉⠊⠢⠞⠎⠀⠀⠓⠀⠃⠑⠢
⠀⠁⠞⠞⠗⠊⠃⠥⠞⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠵⠑⠁⠇⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠠⠡⠗⠊⠌⠊⠁⠝⠎⠂⠀⠀⠱⠕⠀
⠁⠞⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠻⠢⠞⠀⠏⠻⠊⠕⠙⠎⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠓⠁⠧⠕⠉⠅⠀⠀
⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠌⠀⠮⠀⠠⠓⠑⠁⠮⠝⠀⠁⠥⠹⠕⠗⠎⠲⠀⠠⠝⠀⠁⠀⠎⠬⠇⠑⠀⠉⠕⠏⠽⠀⠀
⠷⠀⠮⠀⠐⠺⠀⠷⠀⠠⠉⠑⠇⠎⠥⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠪⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠋⠳⠝⠙⠂⠀⠯⠀⠀
⠱⠁⠞⠀⠺⠑⠀⠐⠅⠀⠷⠀⠞⠀⠐⠺⠀⠊⠎⠀⠋⠀⠠⠕⠗⠊⠛⠢⠂⠀⠦⠀⠀
⠕⠏⠏⠕⠝⠢⠞⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠧⠢⠻⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠋⠁⠮⠗⠎⠂⠀⠱⠕⠀⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠫⠀⠀
⠮⠍⠎⠑⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀⠔⠀⠑⠗⠁⠎⠬⠀⠮⠀⠃⠑⠌⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠍⠕⠌⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.