Library / Biology / Forty Centuries of Ink / Braille
Forty Centuries of Ink ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
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615,822 braille cells · 653 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,898 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠎⠥⠃⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠀⠗⠑⠎⠊⠙⠑⠎⠀⠁⠇⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠑⠝⠞⠊⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠕⠕⠞⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠉⠓⠊⠇⠵⠕⠝⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠁⠍⠑⠀ ⠛⠊⠧⠑⠝⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠝⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠀⠠⠓⠑⠃⠗⠑⠺⠎⠀⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠃⠇⠥⠑ ⠀⠙⠽⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠥⠗⠑⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠁⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠎⠓⠑⠇⠇⠤⠋⠊⠎⠓⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠓⠑⠗⠕⠙⠕⠞⠥⠎⠂⠀⠠⠃⠲⠀⠠⠉⠲⠀⠼⠙⠙⠉⠂ ⠀⠁⠎⠎⠑⠗⠞⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠓⠕⠗⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠠⠉⠁⠎⠏⠊⠁⠝⠀⠠⠎⠑⠁⠀⠇⠊⠧⠑⠙⠀⠁⠀⠏⠑⠕⠏⠇⠑⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠏⠁⠊⠝⠞⠑⠙ ⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠎⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠝⠊⠍⠁⠇⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠛⠁⠗⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎ ⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠧⠑⠛⠑⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠙⠽⠑⠎⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀ ⠞⠗⠑⠑⠎⠀⠺⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠇⠑⠁⠧⠑⠎⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠑⠎⠎⠀⠁⠀⠏⠑⠉⠥⠇⠊⠁⠗⠀⠀ ⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠞⠽⠆⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠗⠑⠙⠥⠉⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠕⠺⠙⠑⠗⠂⠀ ⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀⠀⠎⠞⠗⠊⠏⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠀⠊⠝⠀⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠆⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀ ⠋⠕⠗⠍⠎⠀⠁⠀⠙⠽⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠉⠕⠇⠕⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀ ⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠏⠁⠊⠝⠞⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠛⠁⠗⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀ ⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠝⠊⠍⠁⠇⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠍⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀ ⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠀⠉⠁⠝⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠕⠥⠞⠆⠀⠊⠞⠀ ⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠎⠂⠀⠊⠝⠙⠑⠑⠙⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠀⠺⠕⠧⠑⠝⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠉⠇⠕⠞⠓⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠁⠗⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀ ⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠊⠝⠋⠕⠗⠍⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀ ⠁⠝⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠏⠁⠛⠁⠝⠀⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀ ⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠁⠉⠉⠥⠎⠞⠕⠍⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠗⠗⠁⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠍⠁⠛⠑⠎⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠛⠕⠙⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠗⠕⠃⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠥⠗⠏⠇⠑⠲⠀⠠⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑ ⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠓⠑⠞⠀⠀⠠⠑⠵⠑⠅⠊⠑⠇⠀⠞⠕⠕⠅⠀⠥⠏⠀⠁⠀⠇⠁⠍⠑⠝⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝ ⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠠⠞⠽⠗⠑⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀⠎⠏⠕⠅⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠇⠥⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀ ⠏⠥⠗⠏⠇⠑⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠎⠇⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠑⠇⠊⠎⠓⠁⠓⠀⠊⠝⠀⠀
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