Library / Biology / Forty Centuries of Ink / Braille
Forty Centuries of Ink ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
615,822 braille cells · 653 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,898 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠉⠕⠇⠕⠗⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠅⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠝⠞⠊⠟⠥⠊⠞⠽⠀⠊⠝⠉⠇⠥⠙⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠥⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠀⠧⠁⠗⠊⠑⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠙⠽⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠊⠛⠍⠑⠝⠞⠁⠗⠽ ⠀⠉⠕⠇⠕⠗⠎⠂⠀⠞⠽⠏⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠀⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠝⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠀⠁⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠙⠽⠑⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠠⠑⠛⠽⠏⠞⠊⠁⠝⠎⠀⠑⠭⠉⠑⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠞⠊⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀⠃⠽ ⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠕⠎⠞⠀⠁⠗⠞⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠠⠃⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠇⠇⠑⠛⠑⠙⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠑⠍⠏⠕⠗⠁⠗⠽⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀ ⠇⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠇⠊⠞⠑⠗⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀⠋⠗⠑⠟⠥⠑⠝⠞⠀⠍⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀ ⠕⠋⠀⠀⠃⠇⠁⠉⠅⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠉⠕⠇⠕⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠃⠗⠊⠇⠇⠊⠁⠝⠞⠀ ⠓⠥⠑⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠞⠗⠁⠉⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠗⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠓⠁⠝⠙⠺⠗⠊⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠙⠽⠑⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠙⠑⠋⠊⠝⠊⠞⠑⠀ ⠋⠁⠉⠞⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠏⠗⠑⠙⠊⠉⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠀⠗⠑⠍⠕⠞⠑⠀⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠝⠅⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠠⠓⠑⠃⠗⠑⠺⠀⠺⠕⠗⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠊⠝⠅⠀⠊⠎⠀⠙⠑⠽⠕⠂⠀⠎⠕⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀ ⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠀⠃⠇⠁⠉⠅⠝⠑⠎⠎⠲⠀⠠⠁⠎⠀⠏⠗⠊⠍⠊⠞⠊⠧⠑⠇⠽⠀ ⠏⠗⠑⠏⠁⠗⠑⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠗⠊⠞⠥⠁⠇⠊⠎⠞⠊⠉⠀⠏⠥⠗⠏⠕⠎⠑⠎⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀ ⠋⠕⠗⠀⠁⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠊⠝⠥⠊⠝⠛⠀⠏⠑⠗⠊⠕⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠺⠕ ⠀⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠎⠁⠝⠙⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠎⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠑⠀ ⠍⠊⠭⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠕⠺⠙⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠀⠉⠓⠁⠗⠉⠕⠁⠇⠀⠕⠗⠀⠎⠕⠕⠞⠀ ⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠛⠥⠍⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠀⠀ ⠁⠙⠙⠑⠙⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠁⠗⠁⠃⠊⠁⠝⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠍⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠝⠅⠀⠶⠁⠇⠉⠓⠊⠃⠑⠗⠶⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀ ⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠭⠲⠀⠠⠇⠁⠍⠏⠃⠇⠁⠉⠅⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠃⠽⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠃⠥⠗⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠊⠇⠂⠀⠞⠁⠗⠀⠕⠗⠀⠗⠕⠎⠊⠝⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓ ⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠊⠝⠛⠇⠑⠙⠀⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠛⠥⠍⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠕⠝⠑⠽
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.