Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 455, September 20, 1884 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 455, September 20, 1884 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

209,178 braille cells · 218 embossed pages at 40×25 · 2,015 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠓⠊⠛⠓⠀⠀⠍⠳⠝⠞⠁⠔⠎⠂⠀⠔⠀⠓⠕⠞⠀⠉⠇⠊⠍⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠊⠎⠂⠀⠕⠮⠗⠀
⠹⠬⠎⠀⠃⠑⠬⠀⠑⠟⠥⠁⠇⠂⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠑⠝⠻⠧⠁⠞⠬⠀⠀⠹⠁⠝⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀
⠏⠇⠁⠔⠎⠂⠀⠵⠀⠮⠀⠝⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠁⠊⠗⠀⠊⠎⠀⠛⠢⠻⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠉⠕⠕⠇⠻⠲⠀
⠠⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠀⠃⠑⠇⠊⠑⠧⠫⠀⠞⠀⠓⠕⠞⠀⠉⠇⠊⠍⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀
⠁⠗⠑⠀⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠜⠊⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠚⠥⠗⠊⠳⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠠⠑⠥⠗⠕⠏⠑⠁⠝⠎⠂⠀
⠃⠽⠀⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠬⠀⠋⠗⠑⠟⠥⠢⠞⠀⠇⠊⠧⠻⠀⠙⠻⠁⠝⠛⠑⠍⠢⠞⠎⠀⠯⠀
⠙⠊⠎⠑⠁⠎⠑⠎⠂⠀⠙⠽⠎⠢⠞⠻⠽⠂⠀⠡⠕⠇⠻⠁⠂⠀⠯⠀⠀⠋⠑⠧⠻⠎⠲⠀
⠠⠹⠊⠎⠂⠀⠓⠪⠑⠧⠻⠂⠀⠊⠎⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠉⠻⠞⠁⠔⠀⠑⠭⠞⠢⠞⠂⠀⠁⠀
⠍⠊⠌⠁⠅⠑⠂⠀⠵⠀⠮⠀⠗⠑⠉⠢⠞⠀⠀⠍⠫⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠌⠁⠞⠊⠌⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀
⠗⠑⠞⠥⠗⠝⠎⠀⠷⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠁⠗⠍⠽⠀⠔⠀⠠⠊⠝⠙⠊⠁⠀⠩⠪⠀⠞⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠝⠑⠺
⠀⠀⠃⠜⠗⠁⠉⠅⠎⠂⠀⠾⠀⠍⠀⠉⠜⠑⠋⠥⠇⠀⠎⠥⠏⠻⠧⠊⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠵⠀
⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙⠎⠀⠙⠊⠑⠞⠀⠯⠀⠉⠇⠕⠹⠬⠂⠀⠮⠀⠀⠎⠊⠉⠅⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠯⠀
⠙⠑⠁⠹⠤⠗⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠍⠥⠡⠀⠗⠫⠥⠉⠫⠲⠀⠠⠏⠇⠁⠝⠞⠻⠎⠀⠯⠀
⠕⠮⠗⠎⠂⠀⠱⠕⠀⠗⠊⠙⠑⠀⠀⠁⠃⠳⠞⠀⠁⠀⠛⠕⠕⠙⠀⠙⠑⠁⠇⠂⠀⠵⠀⠁⠀
⠗⠥⠇⠑⠀⠅⠑⠑⠏⠀⠔⠀⠋⠁⠊⠗⠇⠽⠀⠛⠕⠕⠙⠀⠓⠑⠁⠇⠹⠆⠀⠃⠀⠮⠀
⠡⠊⠇⠙⠗⠢⠀⠀⠷⠀⠠⠑⠥⠗⠕⠏⠑⠁⠝⠎⠀⠉⠻⠞⠁⠔⠇⠽⠀⠙⠑⠛⠢⠻⠁⠞⠑⠂⠀⠯
⠀⠁⠋⠞⠻⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠕⠗⠀⠹⠗⠑⠑⠀⠛⠢⠻⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠙⠊⠑⠀⠀⠕⠥⠞⠂⠀
⠥⠝⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠮⠽⠀⠊⠝⠞⠻⠍⠜⠗⠽⠀⠾⠀⠝⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠎⠂⠀⠯⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀
⠋⠗⠑⠟⠥⠢⠞⠀⠧⠊⠎⠊⠞⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠉⠕⠇⠙⠻⠀⠉⠇⠊⠍⠁⠞⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠹⠊⠎⠀
⠋⠁⠉⠞⠀⠩⠪⠎⠀⠞⠀⠓⠕⠞⠀⠉⠇⠊⠍⠁⠞⠑⠎⠂⠀⠏⠗⠕⠃⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀⠃⠽⠀⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠻⠋⠻⠬⠀⠾⠀⠮⠀⠙⠥⠑⠀⠏⠻⠿⠍⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠧⠜⠊⠳⠎⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠻⠝⠫⠀⠔⠀⠀⠮⠀⠿⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠯⠀
⠙⠑⠌⠗⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠃⠕⠙⠊⠇⠽⠀⠞⠊⠎⠎⠥⠑⠎⠂⠀⠑⠧⠢⠞⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽
⠀⠎⠁⠏⠀⠮⠀⠀⠋⠳⠝⠙⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠷⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀
⠠⠑⠥⠗⠕⠏⠑⠁⠝⠎⠆⠀⠃⠀⠓⠪⠀⠋⠜⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠢⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.