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Library / Philosophy / The Problem of China / Braille

The Problem of China ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

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380,493 braille cells · 401 embossed pages at 40×25 · 915 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠮⠀⠗⠑⠉⠑⠊⠏⠞⠎⠀⠿⠀⠦⠀⠏⠪⠻⠋⠥⠇⠀⠍⠁⠌⠻⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀
⠠⠃⠗⠊⠞⠊⠩⠂⠀⠠⠋⠗⠢⠡⠂⠀⠯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠚⠁⠏⠁⠝⠑⠎⠑⠀
⠠⠍⠔⠊⠌⠻⠎⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠗⠙⠬⠇⠽⠀⠓⠀⠁⠛⠁⠔⠀⠁⠙⠙⠗⠑⠎⠎⠫⠀⠮⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠛⠕⠧⠻⠝⠍⠢⠞⠂⠀⠛⠊⠧⠬⠀⠝⠕⠞⠊⠉⠑⠀⠞⠀⠊⠋⠀⠘⠮⠀⠊⠗⠗⠑⠛⠥⠇⠜⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠫⠬⠎⠀⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠝⠀⠉⠑⠁⠎⠑⠀⠮⠽⠀⠺⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠑⠇⠇⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠀⠊⠝⠙⠑⠏⠢⠙⠢⠞⠀⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠗⠑⠕⠗⠛⠁⠝⠊⠵⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠠⠇⠕⠁⠝⠀⠷⠀⠼⠃⠑⠂⠚⠚⠚⠂⠚⠚⠚⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠎⠑⠉⠥⠗⠫⠀⠕⠝⠀⠮⠀⠎⠁⠇⠞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠗⠑⠧⠢⠥⠑⠎⠂⠀⠯⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠻⠋⠻⠢⠉⠑⠀⠾⠀⠮⠀⠿⠑⠊⠛⠝⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠕⠇⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠙⠑⠏⠜⠞⠍⠢⠞⠀⠉⠕⠝⠌⠊⠞⠥⠞⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠋⠗⠬⠑⠍⠢⠞⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀
⠇⠕⠁⠝⠀⠁⠛⠗⠑⠑⠍⠢⠞⠲⠀⠠⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠧⠜⠊⠳⠎⠀⠏⠜⠞⠎⠀⠷⠀
⠠⠡⠔⠁⠂⠀⠐⠎⠀⠊⠝⠙⠑⠏⠢⠙⠢⠞⠀⠷⠀⠠⠏⠑⠅⠬⠂⠀⠕⠮⠗⠎⠀⠝⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠮⠀⠇⠕⠉⠁⠇⠀⠠⠞⠥⠡⠥⠝⠎⠀⠶⠍⠊⠇⠊⠞⠜⠽⠀⠛⠕⠧⠻⠝⠕⠗⠎⠶⠀
⠊⠍⠏⠳⠝⠙⠀⠮⠀⠉⠕⠇⠇⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠯⠀⠍⠁⠞⠻⠊⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀
⠙⠊⠍⠔⠊⠩⠀⠮⠀⠞⠕⠞⠁⠇⠀⠉⠕⠍⠬⠀⠐⠥⠀⠮⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠕⠇⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠿⠑⠊⠛⠝⠀⠊⠝⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠕⠗⠁⠞⠑⠂⠀⠃⠀⠮⠀⠃⠁⠇⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠔⠬⠀
⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠢⠀⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠜⠛⠑⠂⠀⠯⠀⠏⠗⠕⠞⠑⠌⠀⠎⠀
⠥⠎⠑⠇⠑⠎⠎⠂⠀⠞⠀⠓⠊⠮⠗⠞⠕⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠻⠝⠫⠀⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠻⠫⠀⠭⠀⠑⠭⠏⠫⠊⠢⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠉⠟⠥⠊⠑⠎⠉⠑⠲⠀⠠⠃⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠻⠋⠻⠢⠉⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠏⠕⠔⠞⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠕⠝⠀⠮⠀⠠⠽⠁⠝⠛⠞⠎⠵⠑⠂
⠀⠱⠻⠑⠀⠝⠁⠧⠁⠇⠀⠿⠉⠑⠀⠉⠀⠃⠑⠀⠃⠗⠳⠛⠓⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠜⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠀⠀
⠁⠝⠕⠮⠗⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠻⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠎⠊⠞⠥⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠊⠝⠞⠻⠑⠌⠬⠀⠔⠀
⠧⠊⠑⠺⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠍⠊⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀
⠁⠙⠕⠏⠞⠫⠀⠁⠞⠀⠠⠺⠁⠩⠬⠞⠕⠝⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠮⠀⠠⠏⠪⠻⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠺⠳⠇⠙⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠀⠙⠑⠃⠜⠗⠫⠀⠮⠍⠎⠑⠇⠧⠑⠎⠂⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.