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Library / Philosophy / The Problem of China / Braille

The Problem of China ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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457,420 braille cells · 486 embossed pages at 40×25 · 915 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠀⠎⠞⠊⠇⠇⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠁⠀⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠀⠎⠥⠗⠏⠇⠥⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠗⠑⠞⠥⠗⠝⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠠⠉⠓⠊⠝⠁⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠎⠏⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠝⠀⠀
⠓⠊⠛⠓⠑⠗⠀⠑⠙⠥⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀⠉⠕⠇⠇⠑⠛⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠠⠉⠓⠊⠝⠁⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠕⠇⠂⠀⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠇⠽⠀
⠃⠽⠀⠎⠑⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠙⠧⠁⠝⠉⠑⠙⠀⠠⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠎⠑⠀⠎⠞⠥⠙⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠞⠕
⠀⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠥⠝⠊⠧⠑⠗⠎⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠁⠊⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠠⠉⠓⠊⠝⠁⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠑⠝⠕⠗⠍⠕⠥⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠃⠑⠝⠑⠋⠊⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠋⠗⠊⠑⠝⠙⠎⠓⠊⠏
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠎⠑⠀⠶⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀
⠑⠙⠥⠉⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠶⠀⠊⠎⠀⠀⠊⠝⠉⠁⠇⠉⠥⠇⠁⠃⠇⠑⠲⠀
⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠕⠃⠧⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠕⠝⠑⠂⠀⠽⠑⠞⠀
⠠⠑⠝⠛⠇⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠎⠀⠓⠁⠗⠙⠇⠽⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠀⠎⠊⠛⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠎⠥⠊⠞⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠕⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠎⠞⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠙⠊⠋⠋⠊⠉⠥⠇⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠎⠑⠀
⠠⠛⠕⠧⠑⠗⠝⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠀⠋⠁⠉⠑⠙⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠁⠗⠽⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠁⠇⠊⠵⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠕⠎⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠋⠊⠎⠉⠁⠇⠀
⠊⠝⠙⠑⠏⠑⠝⠙⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠂⠀⠀⠠⠉⠓⠊⠝⠁⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠎⠥⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠙
⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠧⠁⠗⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠺⠁⠗⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠋⠕⠗⠉⠑⠙⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀
⠓⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠁⠗⠇⠽⠀⠙⠁⠽⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠎⠑⠀
⠓⠁⠙⠀⠝⠕⠀⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠑⠥⠗⠕⠏⠑⠁⠝⠀
⠙⠊⠏⠇⠕⠍⠁⠉⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠙⠊⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠁⠧⠕⠊⠙⠆⠀⠊⠝⠀⠀⠇⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠙⠁⠽⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀
⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠁⠇⠇⠕⠺⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠕⠇⠙⠀⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠎⠉⠗⠁⠏⠎⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠁⠏⠑⠗⠂⠀⠎⠊⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.