Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 821, September 26, 1891 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 821, September 26, 1891 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

235,534 braille cells · 246 embossed pages at 40×25 · 2,012 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠃⠢⠑⠁⠹⠀⠮⠀⠛⠗⠳⠝⠙⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠺⠀⠃⠑⠀⠇⠁⠊⠙⠀⠃⠜⠑⠀⠵⠀⠮⠀⠐⠺⠀⠷
⠀⠍⠔⠬⠀⠀⠛⠕⠑⠎⠀⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠁⠇⠇⠀⠘⠮⠀⠋⠇⠕⠕⠗⠎⠀⠶⠀⠝⠀⠙⠑⠑⠏⠻⠀
⠹⠁⠝⠀⠋⠀⠼⠁⠓⠀⠞⠕⠀⠼⠉⠚⠀⠊⠝⠡⠑⠎⠀⠀⠃⠑⠇⠪⠀⠮⠀⠎⠥⠗⠋⠁⠉⠑⠀⠷
⠀⠮⠀⠎⠕⠊⠇⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠃⠕⠝⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠁⠝⠊⠍⠁⠇⠎⠀⠯⠀⠕⠮⠗⠀⠗⠑⠇⠊⠉⠎
⠀⠀⠓⠀⠃⠑⠢⠀⠋⠳⠝⠙⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠉⠕⠧⠻⠬⠀⠎⠕⠊⠇⠀⠯⠀⠓⠀⠃⠑⠢⠀
⠞⠥⠗⠝⠫⠀⠥⠏⠀⠃⠽⠀⠮⠀⠀⠍⠔⠻⠎⠀⠋⠀⠐⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠐⠞⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀
⠏⠁⠧⠑⠍⠢⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠫⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠾⠀⠉⠥⠃⠑⠎⠂⠀⠀⠧⠜⠽⠬⠀
⠔⠀⠎⠊⠵⠑⠀⠋⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠡⠀⠯⠀⠁⠀⠓⠁⠇⠋⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠊⠝⠡⠑⠎⠀
⠎⠟⠥⠜⠑⠂⠀⠑⠁⠡⠀⠏⠊⠑⠉⠑⠀⠀⠃⠑⠬⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠫⠀⠔⠀⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠾
⠀⠍⠕⠌⠀⠉⠜⠑⠋⠥⠇⠀⠑⠭⠁⠉⠞⠝⠑⠎⠎⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠌⠗⠊⠏⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠀
⠑⠭⠞⠢⠙⠎⠀⠼⠙⠓⠀⠽⠜⠙⠎⠀⠯⠀⠊⠎⠀⠼⠁⠉⠀⠋⠞⠲⠀⠺⠊⠙⠑⠀⠗⠥⠝⠎⠀
⠙⠥⠑⠀⠝⠕⠗⠹⠀⠯⠀⠎⠳⠹⠲⠀⠠⠮⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠀⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠀⠏⠁⠞⠡⠂⠀
⠗⠥⠝⠝⠬⠀⠑⠁⠌⠀⠯⠀⠺⠑⠌⠂⠀⠯⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠼⠃⠛⠀⠋⠞⠲⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀
⠃⠽⠀⠼⠁⠚⠀⠋⠞⠲⠀⠀⠺⠊⠙⠑⠂⠀⠱⠊⠇⠑⠀⠁⠀⠹⠊⠗⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀⠼⠃⠛⠀⠋⠞⠲
⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠃⠽⠀⠼⠁⠁⠀⠋⠞⠲⠀⠺⠊⠙⠑⠂⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠗⠥⠝⠝⠬⠀⠔⠀
⠁⠀⠝⠕⠗⠮⠗⠝⠀⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠝⠕⠗⠹⠀⠷⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀
⠇⠁⠞⠞⠻⠀⠏⠊⠑⠉⠑⠂⠀⠯⠀⠎⠑⠏⠜⠁⠞⠫⠀⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠃⠳⠞⠀⠞⠺⠕
⠀⠋⠑⠑⠞⠀⠶⠁⠃⠳⠞⠀⠮⠀⠺⠊⠙⠹⠀⠷⠀⠁⠀⠺⠁⠇⠇⠂⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠧⠀
⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠽⠀⠀⠴⠀⠮⠀⠕⠗⠊⠛⠔⠁⠇⠀⠙⠊⠧⠊⠎⠊⠕⠝⠶⠂⠀⠮⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠁⠀⠌⠗⠊⠏⠀⠷⠀⠞⠑⠎⠎⠻⠀⠼⠁⠋⠀⠋⠞⠲⠀⠺⠊⠙⠑⠂⠀⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠸⠓⠀⠃⠑⠢
⠀⠇⠁⠊⠙⠀⠃⠜⠑⠀⠼⠙⠚⠀⠽⠜⠙⠎⠲⠀⠠⠭⠀⠴⠀⠹⠳⠛⠓⠞⠀⠏⠗⠕⠃⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀
⠞⠀⠁⠞⠀⠮⠀⠀⠑⠝⠙⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠇⠁⠌⠀⠝⠁⠍⠫⠀⠌⠗⠊⠏⠀⠌⠊⠇⠇⠀⠁⠝⠕⠮⠗
⠀⠏⠁⠞⠡⠀⠺⠳⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠋⠳⠝⠙⠲⠀⠠⠍⠗⠲⠀⠀⠠⠗⠁⠍⠎⠙⠢⠂⠀⠮⠀
⠍⠁⠝⠁⠛⠻⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠠⠊⠗⠕⠝⠌⠕⠝⠑⠀⠠⠺⠕⠗⠅⠎⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠅⠑⠑⠏⠬⠀⠁⠀
⠏⠇⠁⠝⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠀⠱⠕⠇⠑⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠏⠁⠧⠑⠍⠢⠞⠂⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠓⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.