Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 821, September 26, 1891 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 821, September 26, 1891 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

278,512 braille cells · 293 embossed pages at 40×25 · 2,012 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠉⠥⠗⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠎⠍⠕⠅⠑⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀
⠏⠕⠺⠙⠑⠗⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠞⠗⠊⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠀⠎⠓⠕⠞⠀⠀⠛⠥⠝⠲⠀
⠠⠊⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠥⠇⠍⠊⠝⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠉⠁⠏⠀⠃⠑⠀⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠕⠺⠙⠑⠗⠀⠋⠊⠝⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠙⠎⠀⠝⠥⠍⠑⠗⠕⠥⠎⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠁⠗⠙
⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠓⠁⠗⠛⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠓⠕⠞⠀⠓⠑⠁⠧⠽⠂⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛
⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠗⠁⠍⠍⠑⠙⠀⠙⠕⠺⠝⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠁⠏⠑⠗⠀⠉⠁⠎⠑⠀
⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠎⠏⠥⠝⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠁⠎⠞⠀⠏⠁⠎⠞⠑⠃⠕⠁⠗⠙⠀⠺⠁⠙⠂⠀
⠁⠀⠉⠓⠁⠗⠛⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠎⠍⠕⠅⠑⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠏⠕⠺⠙⠑⠗⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀
⠑⠟⠥⠁⠇⠀⠊⠝⠀⠺⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠕⠝⠑⠤⠓⠁⠇⠋⠀⠕⠋⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠀⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠑⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠃⠇⠁⠉⠅⠀⠏⠕⠺⠙⠑⠗⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙
⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀⠃⠇⠁⠉⠅⠀⠀
⠏⠕⠺⠙⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠓⠁⠗⠛⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠓⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠕⠍⠊⠞⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠊⠍⠑⠗⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠀⠊⠛⠝⠊⠞⠑⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠺⠙⠑⠗⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠎⠑⠞⠀⠥⠏⠀
⠎⠥⠋⠋⠊⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠥⠗⠑⠀⠍⠑⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠺⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠺⠁⠙⠎⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠓⠁⠇⠋⠀⠺⠁⠽⠀⠥⠏⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠁⠗⠗⠑⠇⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠥⠝⠂⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠏⠕⠺⠙⠑⠗⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠛⠕⠀⠕⠥⠞⠲⠀
⠠⠝⠕⠺⠀⠊⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠉⠓⠁⠗⠛⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠕⠺⠙⠑⠗⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠇⠇⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠗⠑⠇⠕⠁⠙⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀
⠉⠁⠗⠞⠗⠊⠙⠛⠑⠀⠉⠁⠎⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠉⠕⠝⠋⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠃⠑⠓⠊⠝⠙⠀
⠺⠁⠙⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠀⠀⠉⠓⠁⠗⠛⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠓⠕⠞⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠃⠕⠧⠑⠀
⠑⠭⠏⠇⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠃⠥⠗⠝⠂⠀⠛⠊⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀⠃⠇⠁⠉⠅⠀⠏⠕⠺⠙⠑⠗⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠁⠞⠞⠑⠍⠏⠞⠎⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠏⠕⠺⠙⠑⠗⠀⠊⠝⠀⠏⠊⠎⠞⠕⠇⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠗⠑⠧⠕⠇⠧⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.