Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 821, September 26, 1891 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 821, September 26, 1891 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

278,512 braille cells · 293 embossed pages at 40×25 · 2,012 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤
⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀⠓⠑⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠛⠥⠍⠀⠠⠁⠗⠁⠃⠊⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠺⠊⠞⠓⠕⠥⠞⠀⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠀⠠⠏⠑⠗
⠀⠠⠉⠑⠝⠞⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠑⠁⠞⠲⠀⠀⠀⠼⠋⠚⠰⠠⠉⠲⠀⠀
⠼⠓⠚⠰⠠⠉⠲⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠚⠰⠠⠉⠀⠀⠀
⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤
⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠀⠀⠠⠵⠀⠁⠞⠀⠼⠁⠓⠰⠠⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠑⠛⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠙⠋⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠙⠛⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠑⠁⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠵⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠼⠉⠚⠰⠠⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠙⠓⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠙⠚⠚⠀
⠼⠙⠃⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠙⠉⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠵⠀⠁⠞⠀⠼⠑⠚⠰⠠⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠉⠙⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠓⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠑⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠉⠚⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠛⠓⠁⠞⠞⠊⠀⠛⠥⠍⠀⠠⠝⠕⠲⠀⠼⠁⠑⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠑⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀⠉⠑⠝⠞⠲⠀⠠⠵⠀⠁⠞⠀⠼⠁⠓⠰⠠⠉⠲⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠂⠁⠚⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠛⠓⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠋⠋⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠛⠑⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤
⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠧⠁⠗⠊⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠧⠊⠎⠉⠕⠎⠊⠞⠽⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠎⠞⠗⠑⠝⠛⠞⠓⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀
⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠎⠞⠥⠙⠊⠑⠙⠀⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠞⠽⠏⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀
⠛⠥⠍⠎⠲⠀⠠⠁⠀⠼⠁⠚⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀⠉⠑⠝⠞⠲⠀⠊⠎⠀⠊⠝⠧⠁⠗⠊⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀
⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠀⠞⠺⠊⠉⠑⠀⠁⠎⠀⠧⠊⠎⠉⠕⠥⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠼⠑⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀
⠉⠑⠝⠞⠲⠀⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠉⠥⠗⠧⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎
⠀⠀⠕⠃⠞⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠛⠓⠁⠞⠞⠊⠎⠲⠀
⠠⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠁⠗⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠝⠀⠃⠽⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠀
⠛⠥⠍⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠧⠁⠗⠊⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.