Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 821, September 26, 1891 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 821, September 26, 1891 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

278,512 braille cells · 293 embossed pages at 40×25 · 2,012 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠃⠑⠂⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠽⠀⠀⠋⠊⠞⠞⠑⠙⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀
⠍⠁⠙⠑⠂⠀⠋⠕⠥⠗⠀⠋⠑⠑⠞⠀⠙⠑⠑⠏⠀⠃⠕⠭⠂⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠞⠗⠁⠏⠀
⠙⠕⠕⠗⠂⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠀⠎⠍⠕⠕⠞⠓⠇⠽⠀⠙⠥⠛⠀⠓⠕⠇⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠑⠭⠁⠉⠞⠇⠽⠀⠓⠑⠇⠙⠀⠊⠞⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠑⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠇⠕⠎⠑⠞⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗
⠀⠊⠞⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠗⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠎⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀
⠍⠕⠙⠑⠇⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠃⠗⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠄⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠇⠁⠎⠞⠀⠊⠎
⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠇⠇⠂⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠺⠓⠕
⠀⠇⠊⠧⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠀⠏⠑⠕⠏⠇⠑⠄⠎⠀⠓⠕⠥⠎⠑⠎⠆⠀⠋⠕⠗⠂⠀
⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠋⠊⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠎⠑⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠑⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠁⠝⠀⠀⠥⠝⠎⠏⠑⠁⠅⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀⠋⠕⠥⠇⠀⠉⠇⠕⠎⠑⠞⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠉⠁⠝
⠀⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀⠥⠏⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠇⠙⠀⠧⠁⠥⠇⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠑⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀
⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠉⠇⠑⠁⠝⠑⠙⠂⠀⠗⠑⠏⠁⠊⠗⠑⠙⠂⠀⠋⠥⠍⠊⠛⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠉⠇⠕⠎⠑⠞
⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠁⠀⠧⠁⠥⠇⠞⠀⠋⠁⠎⠓⠊⠕⠝⠑⠙⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠙⠕⠉⠞⠕⠗⠄⠎⠀⠏⠇⠁⠝⠲⠀⠠⠁⠀⠎⠞⠕⠥⠞⠀⠙⠗⠽⠛⠕⠕⠙⠎⠀⠃⠕⠭⠂⠀
⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀⠃⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠁⠀⠀⠞⠗⠊⠋⠇⠑⠂⠀
⠁⠝⠎⠺⠑⠗⠎⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠏⠥⠗⠏⠕⠎⠑⠂⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀⠁⠀
⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠞⠊⠝⠅⠑⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀⠁⠀⠞⠗⠁⠏⠀⠙⠕⠕⠗⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠂⠀⠙⠗⠽⠀⠑⠁⠗⠞⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀⠃⠽⠀⠋⠁⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠑⠎⠞
⠀⠙⠑⠕⠙⠕⠗⠊⠵⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠃⠎⠕⠗⠃⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠊⠞⠀
⠉⠁⠝⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠑⠁⠎⠊⠇⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠉⠓⠑⠁⠏⠇⠽⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠥⠗⠑⠙⠂⠀
⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠎⠊⠋⠞⠑⠙⠀⠺⠕⠕⠙⠀⠕⠗⠀⠉⠕⠁⠇⠀⠀⠁⠎⠓⠑⠎⠤⠤⠺⠕⠕⠙⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠋⠑⠗⠗⠑⠙⠤⠤⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠛⠕⠕⠙⠀⠎⠥⠃⠎⠞⠊⠞⠥⠞⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠁⠎⠓⠑⠎⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠅⠑⠏⠞⠀⠙⠗⠽⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠝⠕⠞⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠇⠕⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠁⠃⠎⠕⠗⠃⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀
⠙⠑⠕⠙⠕⠗⠊⠵⠊⠝⠛⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.