Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 795, March 28, 1891 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 795, March 28, 1891 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

226,331 braille cells · 237 embossed pages at 40×25 · 2,269 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠕⠗⠀⠀⠃⠥⠎⠊⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠕⠝⠑⠀⠏⠁⠏⠑⠗⠤⠤⠁⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠁⠗⠍⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠼⠋⠂⠉⠚⠚⠀⠍⠑⠝⠂⠀
⠺⠕⠍⠑⠝⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠉⠓⠊⠇⠙⠗⠑⠝⠂⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠙⠊⠎⠞⠗⠊⠃⠥⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠼⠁⠂⠋⠃⠋⠀⠀
⠙⠁⠊⠇⠽⠀⠝⠑⠺⠎⠏⠁⠏⠑⠗⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠥⠝⠊⠞⠑⠙⠀⠠⠎⠞⠁⠞⠑⠎⠲
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠑⠁⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠍⠁⠞⠑⠗⠊⠁⠇⠀⠋⠕⠗⠉⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠝⠑⠺⠎⠏⠁⠏⠑⠗⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠽⠏⠑⠂⠀⠏⠁⠏⠑⠗⠂⠀⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠑⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠏⠗⠊⠝⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠽⠏⠑⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠉⠁⠎⠞
⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠁⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀
⠕⠝⠑⠤⠓⠁⠇⠋⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠇⠑⠁⠙⠂⠀⠕⠝⠑⠤⠋⠕⠥⠗⠞⠓⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠊⠝⠂⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠝⠑⠤⠋⠕⠥⠗⠞⠓⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠝⠞⠊⠍⠕⠝⠽⠂⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑
⠀⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠎⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠇⠽⠀⠗⠑⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠂⠀⠎⠕⠀
⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠙⠍⠊⠞⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠓⠑⠍⠊⠎⠞⠀⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠉⠕⠏⠏⠑⠗⠀⠁⠀⠞⠗⠁⠉⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠎⠀
⠁⠊⠍⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠍⠑⠞⠁⠇⠀⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠎⠓⠁⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠓⠁⠗⠙⠂⠀
⠽⠑⠞⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠗⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠆⠀⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠇⠑⠂⠀⠽⠑⠞⠀⠞⠕⠥⠛⠓⠆⠀
⠋⠇⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠀⠋⠗⠑⠑⠇⠽⠂⠀⠽⠑⠞⠀⠓⠁⠗⠙⠑⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠟⠥⠊⠉⠅⠇⠽⠲⠀
⠠⠃⠕⠙⠽⠀⠞⠽⠏⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀
⠎⠑⠑⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠁⠗⠽⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠞⠂⠀⠁⠎⠊⠙⠑⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀
⠙⠊⠎⠏⠇⠁⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠁⠝⠉⠽⠀⠎⠞⠽⠇⠑⠎⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠀
⠞⠓⠊⠗⠞⠑⠑⠝⠀⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠑⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠑⠎⠞⠀
⠞⠑⠉⠓⠝⠊⠉⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠃⠗⠊⠇⠇⠊⠁⠝⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀
⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠎⠞⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠏⠗⠊⠍⠑⠗⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠁⠙⠊⠝⠛
⠀⠉⠕⠇⠥⠍⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠝⠑⠺⠎⠏⠁⠏⠑⠗⠎⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠋⠕⠥⠗⠀⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀
⠁⠗⠑⠀⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠁⠗⠊⠇⠽⠀⠀⠥⠎⠑⠙⠤⠤⠁⠛⠁⠞⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.