Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 803, May 23, 1891 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 803, May 23, 1891 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

191,614 braille cells · 199 embossed pages at 40×25 · 2,089 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠕⠗⠊⠛⠔⠁⠞⠫⠀⠁⠞⠀⠮⠀⠉⠑⠇⠑⠃⠗⠁⠞⠫⠀⠉⠕⠝⠧⠢⠞⠀⠷⠀⠠⠌⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠃⠻⠝⠜⠙⠂⠀⠭⠀⠝⠕⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠻⠀⠑⠭⠊⠌⠎⠀⠮⠗⠑⠀⠔⠀⠁⠀⠌⠁⠞⠑⠀⠷⠀
⠏⠥⠗⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠯⠀⠔⠀⠕⠗⠙⠻⠀⠀⠞⠕⠀⠋⠔⠙⠀⠋⠔⠑⠀⠞⠽⠏⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠭⠀
⠺⠑⠀⠓⠀⠞⠕⠀⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀⠃⠗⠑⠫⠻⠎⠀⠷⠀⠀⠠⠎⠺⠊⠞⠵⠻⠇⠯
⠀⠯⠀⠠⠑⠝⠛⠇⠯⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠋⠁⠍⠳⠎⠀⠠⠏⠇⠔⠝⠇⠊⠍⠕⠝⠂⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠴⠀
⠃⠳⠛⠓⠞⠀⠿⠀⠀⠼⠑⠂⠚⠚⠚⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠝⠀⠠⠁⠍⠻⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠹⠗⠑⠑⠀⠽⠑⠜⠎⠀⠁⠛⠕⠂⠀⠯⠀⠁⠃⠳⠞⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠮⠗⠑⠀⠀⠴⠀⠍⠥⠡⠀
⠞⠁⠇⠅⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠏⠁⠏⠻⠎⠂⠀⠑⠧⠢⠀⠮⠀⠏⠕⠇⠊⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠕⠝⠑⠎⠂⠀⠴⠀
⠃⠕⠗⠝⠀⠯⠀⠀⠗⠑⠜⠫⠀⠔⠀⠠⠑⠝⠛⠇⠯⠲⠀⠠⠭⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠜⠎⠀⠞⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠜⠽⠂⠀⠞⠕⠕⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠫⠥⠉⠑⠀⠮⠀⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠻⠀⠷⠀
⠇⠊⠋⠑⠤⠎⠁⠧⠬⠀⠁⠉⠞⠎⠀⠞⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠁⠊⠙⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠙⠁⠊⠇⠽⠀
⠏⠻⠿⠍⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠮⠀⠀⠠⠌⠲⠀⠠⠃⠻⠝⠜⠙⠀⠙⠕⠛⠎⠲⠀⠠⠹⠊⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠀
⠇⠕⠝⠛⠻⠀⠃⠀⠁⠀⠇⠑⠛⠢⠙⠲⠀⠠⠮⠗⠑⠀⠴⠂⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠀⠞⠗⠥⠑⠂⠀⠁⠀
⠠⠌⠲⠀⠠⠃⠻⠝⠜⠙⠀⠝⠁⠍⠫⠀⠠⠃⠜⠗⠽⠂⠀⠝⠪⠀⠑⠭⠓⠊⠃⠊⠞⠫⠀⠔⠀⠁⠀
⠌⠥⠋⠋⠫⠀⠌⠁⠞⠑⠀⠔⠀⠀⠮⠀⠠⠃⠻⠝⠑⠀⠠⠍⠥⠎⠑⠥⠍⠂⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀
⠁⠉⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠊⠩⠫⠀⠺⠕⠝⠙⠻⠎⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠺⠁⠽⠀⠷⠀⠎⠁⠧⠬⠀⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠂⠀
⠃⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠴⠀⠁⠝⠀⠑⠭⠉⠑⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀⠗⠑⠏⠥⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀
⠹⠊⠎⠀⠁⠝⠊⠍⠁⠇⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠀⠑⠭⠞⠢⠙⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠕⠮⠗⠎⠀⠷⠀⠊⠞⠎
⠀⠅⠔⠙⠲⠀⠠⠘⠮⠀⠇⠁⠞⠞⠻⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠽⠀⠺⠁⠞⠡⠀⠙⠕⠛⠎⠀⠀
⠅⠑⠏⠞⠀⠃⠽⠀⠮⠀⠍⠕⠝⠅⠎⠀⠿⠀⠸⠮⠀⠕⠺⠝⠀⠎⠁⠋⠑⠞⠽⠂⠀⠯⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠙
⠀⠝⠀⠛⠀⠁⠞⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠃⠽⠀⠀⠮⠍⠎⠑⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀⠁⠇⠕⠝⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠑⠜⠡⠀⠿
⠀⠞⠗⠁⠧⠑⠇⠻⠎⠀⠞⠀⠓⠀⠇⠕⠌⠀⠸⠮⠀⠺⠁⠽⠀⠔⠀⠀⠮⠀⠎⠝⠪⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠮
⠀⠠⠝⠑⠺⠋⠳⠝⠙⠇⠯⠀⠙⠕⠛⠂⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠻⠎⠀⠋⠀⠮⠀⠏⠗⠑⠉⠫⠬⠀⠔
⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠱⠕⠇⠇⠽⠀⠀⠃⠇⠁⠉⠅⠀⠕⠗⠀⠃⠇⠁⠉⠅⠀⠯⠀⠱⠊⠞⠑⠀⠉⠕⠁⠞⠂⠀
⠴⠂⠀⠭⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠜⠎⠂⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠷⠀⠍⠳⠝⠞⠁⠔⠀⠀⠕⠗⠊⠛⠔⠲⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.