Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 803, May 23, 1891 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 803, May 23, 1891 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

228,619 braille cells · 240 embossed pages at 40×25 · 2,089 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠁⠀⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠀⠞⠁⠺⠝⠽⠀⠃⠗⠕⠺⠝⠂⠀⠓⠕⠗⠎⠑⠎⠓⠕⠑⠀⠎⠓⠁⠏⠑⠙⠀⠀
⠎⠏⠕⠞⠂⠀⠎⠞⠗⠑⠁⠅⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠃⠗⠕⠝⠵⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠉⠕⠏⠏⠑⠗⠀⠉⠕⠇⠕⠗⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠊⠝⠙⠀⠺⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀
⠁⠃⠙⠕⠍⠑⠝⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠃⠗⠕⠺⠝⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠀⠇⠥⠎⠞⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠎⠁⠞⠊⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠋⠑⠍⠁⠇⠑⠀⠇⠁⠽⠎⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠋⠊⠋⠞⠽
⠀⠑⠛⠛⠎⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠍⠊⠝⠥⠞⠑⠂⠀⠋⠇⠁⠞⠞⠑⠝⠑⠙⠂⠀⠀
⠎⠉⠁⠇⠑⠤⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀⠃⠕⠙⠊⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠽⠑⠇⠇⠕⠺⠊⠎⠓⠀⠉⠕⠇⠕⠗⠲⠀
⠠⠊⠝⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠁⠀⠺⠑⠑⠅⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠛⠛⠎⠀⠓⠁⠞⠉⠓⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠞⠊⠝⠽⠀⠉⠁⠞⠑⠗⠏⠊⠇⠇⠁⠗⠀⠃⠑⠛⠊⠝⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠑⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠏⠏⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠗⠑⠂⠀⠀⠠⠋⠊⠛⠲⠀⠼⠃⠙⠂⠀⠁⠂⠀
⠏⠥⠎⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠉⠁⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠓⠕⠇⠑⠀⠺⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠞⠀⠀⠑⠝⠞⠑⠗⠑⠙⠂⠀⠠⠋⠊⠛⠲⠀⠼⠃⠙⠂⠀⠃⠲⠀
⠠⠕⠋⠞⠑⠝⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠎⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠕⠥⠞⠎⠊⠙⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠀⠙⠁⠗⠅⠀⠉⠕⠇⠕⠗⠑⠙⠀⠍⠁⠎⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠥⠎⠀
⠍⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠺⠕⠗⠍⠽⠀⠁⠏⠏⠇⠑⠎⠀⠏⠇⠁⠊⠝⠇⠽⠀⠎⠑⠑⠝⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠟⠥⠊⠞⠑⠀⠁⠀⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠞⠑⠗⠏⠊⠇⠇⠁⠗⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠞⠺⠕⠤⠋⠊⠋⠞⠓⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠉⠓⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠇⠑⠝⠛⠞⠓⠂⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠛⠇⠕⠎⠎⠽⠂⠀⠀⠏⠁⠇⠑⠀⠽⠑⠇⠇⠕⠺⠊⠎⠓⠀
⠺⠓⠊⠞⠑⠀⠉⠕⠇⠕⠗⠂⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠀⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠃⠗⠕⠺⠝⠀⠓⠑⠁⠙⠲⠀
⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠅⠊⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠀⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠏⠁⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠝⠁⠇⠀⠕⠗⠛⠁⠝⠎⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠞⠀⠁⠀⠗⠑⠙⠙⠊⠎⠓⠀
⠞⠊⠝⠛⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠍⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠞⠑⠗⠏⠊⠇⠇⠁⠗⠎⠂
⠀⠠⠋⠊⠛⠲⠀⠼⠃⠙⠂⠀⠑⠂⠀⠞⠕⠏⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠑⠁⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠀⠀
⠎⠑⠛⠍⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀⠓⠂⠀⠑⠍⠑⠗⠛⠑⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠏⠏⠇⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠎⠑⠑⠅⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠎⠓⠑⠇⠞⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠂⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠀⠁⠎⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.