Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 514, November 7, 1885 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 514, November 7, 1885 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

217,517 braille cells · 224 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,844 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠼⠙⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠀⠼⠚⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠑⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀⠠⠕⠗⠇⠑⠁⠝⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠙⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠃⠀⠼⠑⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠋⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠎⠁⠝⠀
⠠⠋⠗⠁⠝⠉⠊⠎⠉⠕⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠑⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠀⠼⠚⠚
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠋⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠇⠕⠝⠙⠕⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠙⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠀⠼⠛⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠙⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠏⠕⠗⠞⠀⠠⠝⠁⠞⠁⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠏⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠙⠀⠼⠚⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠏⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠎⠽⠙⠝⠑⠽⠀⠀⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠭⠊⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠙⠀⠼⠑⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠭⠊⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠧⠁⠇⠏⠁⠗⠁⠊⠎⠕⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠉⠀⠼⠚⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀
⠉⠁⠇⠉⠥⠇⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀⠛⠗⠁⠧⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠁⠇⠀⠛⠁⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠝⠀
⠁⠞⠀⠼⠚⠲⠙⠆⠀⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠞⠕⠗⠀⠛⠁⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠼⠚⠲⠙⠙⠆⠀⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀
⠛⠁⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠼⠚⠲⠙⠓⠆⠀⠏⠑⠞⠗⠕⠇⠑⠥⠍⠂⠀⠼⠚⠲⠓⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠏⠕⠥⠝⠙⠎⠀⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀⠠⠠⠋⠥⠑⠇⠀⠠⠠⠋⠕⠗⠀⠼⠁⠲⠚⠚⠲⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠍⠁⠗⠉⠓⠂⠀⠼⠁⠓⠓⠙⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠁⠝⠞⠓⠗⠁⠉⠊⠞⠑⠲⠀⠠⠃⠊⠞⠥⠍⠊⠝⠕⠥⠎⠲⠀⠠⠏⠑⠞⠗⠕⠇⠑⠥⠍⠲⠀
⠠⠉⠕⠁⠇⠀⠠⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠠⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠞⠕⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠛⠁⠎⠀⠀⠛⠁⠎⠲⠀⠀⠛⠁⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀⠠⠽⠕⠗⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠑⠋⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠑⠃⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠑⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠓⠀
⠼⠛⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠉⠓⠊⠉⠁⠛⠕⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠙⠙⠓⠀⠀
⠼⠋⠙⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠙⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠙⠀⠀⠀⠼⠛⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀⠠⠕⠗⠇⠑⠁⠝⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠉⠛⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠋⠙⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠁⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠀⠀⠀⠼⠛⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.