Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 586, March 26, 1887 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 586, March 26, 1887 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

232,452 braille cells · 246 embossed pages at 40×25 · 449 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠞⠥⠙⠽⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠎⠏⠕⠝⠞⠁⠝⠑⠕⠥⠎⠀
⠕⠥⠞⠛⠗⠕⠺⠞⠓⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠗⠑⠋⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠙⠑⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠑⠀
⠕⠗⠛⠁⠝⠊⠵⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠕⠀⠋⠁⠗⠀⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠊⠞⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇
⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠓⠊⠍⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠊⠝⠛⠑⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠑⠝⠞⠊⠗⠑⠀⠉⠓⠁⠗⠁⠉⠞⠑⠗⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠊⠝⠥⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑
⠀⠙⠑⠧⠑⠇⠕⠏⠑⠙⠀⠞⠊⠇⠇⠀⠏⠁⠎⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠗⠊⠙⠊⠁⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠇⠊⠋⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠍⠊⠙⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠛⠗⠁⠧⠑⠗⠀⠙⠥⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠋⠥⠗⠝⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠁⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀
⠙⠑⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠋⠥⠇⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠭⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠍⠊⠇⠊⠞⠁⠗⠽⠀
⠠⠁⠉⠁⠙⠑⠍⠽⠀⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠛⠗⠁⠙⠥⠁⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀⠠⠚⠥⠇⠽⠀⠀⠼⠁⠂⠀
⠼⠁⠓⠁⠊⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠏⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠑⠙⠀⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠀⠇⠊⠑⠥⠞⠑⠝⠁⠝⠞⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠗⠏⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠗⠞⠊⠇⠇⠑⠗⠽⠲⠀⠠⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠙⠁⠞⠑⠀⠥⠝⠞⠊⠇⠀⠼⠁⠓⠃⠁⠀⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠗⠧⠑⠙⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠏⠕⠛⠗⠁⠏⠓⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠙⠥⠞⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠛⠁⠗⠗⠊⠎⠕⠝⠀⠁⠞⠀⠠⠋⠕⠗⠞⠀
⠠⠉⠕⠇⠥⠍⠃⠥⠎⠲⠀⠠⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠠⠝⠕⠧⠑⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠼⠃⠂⠀⠀⠼⠁⠓⠃⠁⠂⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠠⠁⠏⠗⠊⠇⠀⠼⠉⠚⠂⠀⠼⠁⠓⠃⠃⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠎⠎⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠋⠑⠎⠎⠕⠗⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠍⠊⠇⠊⠞⠁⠗⠽⠀⠀⠠⠁⠉⠁⠙⠑⠍⠽⠂⠀⠁⠀
⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠁⠞⠞⠁⠊⠝⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠙⠑⠎⠉⠗⠊⠏⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠛⠑⠕⠍⠑⠞⠗⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠎⠅⠊⠇⠇⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠙⠗⠁⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠋⠊⠞⠞⠑⠙⠀⠓⠊⠍⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠍⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠁⠇⠞⠕⠛⠑⠞⠓⠑⠗
⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠞⠁⠎⠞⠑⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠕⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠝⠀
⠁⠗⠞⠊⠎⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠊⠎⠓⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠉⠕⠝⠋⠊⠝⠑⠀⠓⠊⠍⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠞⠕⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.