Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 460, October 25, 1884 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 460, October 25, 1884 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

200,743 braille cells · 211 embossed pages at 40×25 · 647 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠡⠊⠍⠝⠑⠽⠀⠷⠀⠁⠀⠅⠻⠕⠎⠢⠑⠀⠇⠁⠍⠏⠂⠀⠎⠀⠀⠵⠀⠞⠕⠀⠿⠍⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀
⠐⠗⠀⠁⠝⠛⠇⠑⠎⠂⠀⠐⠕⠀⠑⠝⠙⠀⠑⠭⠞⠢⠙⠬⠀⠉⠇⠕⠎⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀
⠃⠕⠞⠞⠕⠍⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠀⠃⠕⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠠⠃⠀⠵⠀⠩⠪⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠓⠁⠧⠬⠀
⠋⠊⠞⠞⠫⠀⠥⠏⠀⠮⠀⠁⠏⠏⠜⠁⠞⠥⠎⠂⠀⠁⠃⠳⠞⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠕⠥⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀
⠓⠽⠏⠕⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠊⠞⠑⠀⠷⠀⠎⠕⠙⠁⠀⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠫⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀
⠃⠕⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠠⠁⠂⠀⠱⠊⠇⠑⠀⠮⠀⠃⠕⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠠⠃⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠃⠳⠞⠀
⠹⠗⠑⠑⠤⠋⠳⠗⠹⠎⠀⠀⠋⠊⠇⠇⠫⠀⠾⠀⠺⠁⠞⠻⠤⠤⠙⠊⠌⠊⠇⠇⠫⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠍⠑⠇⠞⠫⠀⠊⠉⠑⠀⠺⠁⠞⠻⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠏⠗⠑⠋⠻⠗⠫⠆⠀⠐⠎⠀⠀
⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠥⠗⠊⠉⠀⠁⠉⠊⠙⠤⠤⠁⠃⠳⠞⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠕⠥⠝⠉⠑⠎⠤⠤⠊⠎⠀⠝⠪⠀
⠙⠊⠇⠥⠞⠫⠀⠾⠀⠁⠃⠳⠞⠀⠞⠺⠊⠉⠑⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠃⠥⠇⠅⠀⠀⠷⠀⠺⠁⠞⠻⠂⠀⠃⠽
⠀⠋⠊⠗⠌⠀⠏⠥⠞⠞⠬⠀⠮⠀⠺⠁⠞⠻⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠙⠊⠩⠀⠯⠀⠏⠳⠗⠬⠀⠔⠀⠮
⠀⠁⠉⠊⠙⠀⠔⠀⠀⠁⠀⠌⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠌⠗⠑⠁⠍⠂⠀⠌⠊⠗⠗⠬⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠱⠊⠇⠑⠲⠀
⠠⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠑⠞⠀⠮⠀⠙⠊⠩⠀⠔⠀⠁⠀⠎⠔⠅⠂⠀⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠁⠧⠕⠊⠙⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠙⠁⠍⠁⠛⠑⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠕⠉⠉⠥⠗⠀⠹⠗⠳⠛⠓⠀⠮
⠀⠃⠗⠑⠁⠅⠬⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠙⠊⠩⠀⠃⠽⠀⠀⠮⠀⠓⠑⠁⠞⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠫⠆⠀⠱⠢⠀
⠉⠕⠕⠇⠂⠀⠮⠀⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠿⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠯⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑
⠀⠅⠑⠏⠞⠀⠀⠔⠀⠁⠀⠃⠕⠞⠞⠇⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀⠉⠕⠗⠅⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠎⠻⠧⠑⠎⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠁⠙⠁⠏⠞⠀⠮⠀⠃⠢⠞⠀⠞⠥⠃⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠃⠕⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠠⠁⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠪
⠀⠚⠀⠀⠗⠑⠍⠕⠧⠫⠀⠿⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠌⠁⠝⠞⠂⠀⠮⠀⠕⠮⠗⠀⠑⠝⠙⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠔⠬
⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠺⠁⠞⠻⠀⠔⠀⠃⠕⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠠⠃⠂⠀⠀⠯⠀⠁⠃⠳⠞⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠹⠗⠑⠑⠀⠕⠥⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠙⠊⠇⠥⠞⠑⠀⠁⠉⠊⠙⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠏⠳⠗⠫⠀⠔⠀
⠘⠥⠀⠮⠀⠀⠓⠽⠏⠕⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠊⠞⠑⠂⠀⠁⠋⠞⠻⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠮⠀⠉⠕⠗⠅⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠊⠍⠍⠫⠊⠁⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠗⠑⠏⠇⠁⠉⠫⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠥⠗⠳⠎⠀⠁⠉⠊⠙⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠝⠪⠀⠑⠧⠕⠇⠧⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠮⠀⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠁⠉⠊⠙⠀⠕⠝⠀⠮⠀
⠓⠽⠏⠕⠂⠀⠯⠀⠀⠵⠀⠮⠀⠛⠁⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠛⠢⠻⠁⠞⠫⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠇⠫⠀⠵⠀⠁⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.