Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 460, October 25, 1884 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 460, October 25, 1884 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

239,952 braille cells · 254 embossed pages at 40×25 · 647 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠁⠙⠙⠀⠞⠕⠕⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀⠙⠊⠇⠥⠞⠑⠀⠁⠉⠊⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠽⠏⠕⠀⠁⠞
⠀⠁⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠂⠀⠀⠑⠇⠎⠑⠀⠑⠭⠉⠑⠎⠎⠊⠧⠑⠀⠑⠋⠋⠑⠗⠧⠑⠎⠉⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀
⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠕⠉⠉⠥⠗⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠋⠗⠕⠞⠓⠀
⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠕⠏⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠕⠞⠞⠇⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠠⠠⠍⠕⠝⠥⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠠⠠⠁⠞⠀⠠⠠⠗⠕⠍⠑⠲
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀⠁⠛⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠊⠞⠁⠇⠊⠁⠝⠀⠠⠛⠕⠧⠑⠗⠝⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠊⠝⠧⠊⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠁⠗⠉⠓⠊⠞⠑⠉⠞⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠁⠗⠞⠊⠎⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠋⠥⠗⠝⠊⠎⠓⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠑⠞⠊⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠙⠑⠎⠊⠛⠝⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠁⠀
⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠍⠕⠝⠥⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠑⠗⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠍⠑⠍⠕⠗⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠠⠧⠊⠉⠞⠕⠗⠀⠠⠑⠍⠁⠝⠥⠑⠇⠀⠠⠠⠊⠊⠲⠀
⠁⠞⠀⠠⠗⠕⠍⠑⠲⠀⠠⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠀⠼⠁⠂⠓⠚⠚⠂⠚⠚⠚⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀
⠁⠏⠏⠗⠕⠏⠗⠊⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠝⠥⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠑⠭⠉⠇⠥⠎⠊⠧⠑⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠎⠑⠇⠙⠕⠍⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠝⠀⠁⠗⠞⠊⠎⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠕⠉⠉⠁⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠁⠗⠗⠽⠀⠕⠥⠞
⠀⠁⠎⠀⠛⠗⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠑⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠒⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠗⠑⠁⠞⠕⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠊⠞⠁⠇⠊⠁⠝⠀⠥⠝⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀⠉⠁⠏⠊⠞⠕⠇⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀⠎⠞⠁⠞⠑⠀
⠎⠥⠗⠗⠕⠥⠝⠙⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠗⠥⠊⠝⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠕⠎⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠁⠀⠏⠗⠕⠥⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠽⠀⠏⠁⠎⠞⠲⠀⠠⠏⠗⠊⠵⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠼⠁⠚⠂⠚⠚⠚⠂⠀⠼⠋⠂⠚⠚⠚⠂⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠼⠙⠂⠚⠚⠚⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀
⠙⠕⠝⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠂⠀⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠊⠗⠙
⠀⠏⠗⠊⠵⠑⠀⠙⠑⠎⠊⠛⠝⠎⠀⠀⠗⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠇⠽⠲⠀⠠⠙⠑⠎⠊⠛⠝⠎⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.