Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 458, October 11, 1884 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 458, October 11, 1884 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

267,671 braille cells · 283 embossed pages at 40×25 · 679 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠺⠁⠝⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠙⠑⠁⠇⠀
⠙⠕⠝⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠋⠊⠇⠊⠛⠗⠑⠑⠀⠛⠕⠇⠙⠀⠚⠑⠺⠑⠇⠗⠽⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠏⠇⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠞⠓⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠼⠃⠲⠑⠚⠀⠥⠏⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠓⠊⠛⠓⠀⠁⠎⠀⠼⠁⠑⠂⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠛⠝⠊⠞⠥⠙⠑⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠕⠝⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠊⠵⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠕⠇⠑⠎
⠀⠠⠊⠀⠃⠕⠗⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠲⠀⠠⠝⠕⠺⠂⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠛⠕⠕⠙⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠏⠁⠎⠞⠲⠀⠀⠠⠝⠕⠃⠕⠙⠽⠀⠺⠁⠝⠞⠎⠀
⠋⠊⠇⠊⠛⠗⠑⠑⠀⠛⠕⠇⠙⠀⠚⠑⠺⠑⠇⠗⠽⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠕⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠙⠑⠍⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠋⠊⠝⠑⠀⠺⠊⠗⠑
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠑⠉⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠍⠑⠞⠁⠇⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠋⠑⠺⠀⠙⠗⠁⠺⠀
⠏⠇⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠙⠑⠎⠊⠗⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠏⠗⠊⠉⠑⠎⠀⠝⠕⠺⠀⠁⠗⠑
⠀⠝⠕⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠼⠁⠲⠃⠑⠀⠥⠏⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠁⠽⠀⠼⠓⠂⠀
⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠗⠁⠗⠑⠀⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠗⠑⠟⠥⠊⠗⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠎⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀
⠼⠙⠲⠀⠠⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠀⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞
⠀⠛⠕⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠁⠏⠊⠙⠁⠗⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠁⠽⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠕⠝⠑
⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀⠀⠊⠝⠀⠉⠥⠞⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠝⠀
⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠗⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠙⠊⠎⠅⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠝⠂⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠠⠊⠀⠛⠑⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠓⠁⠗⠙⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀⠕⠋⠀⠃⠕⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠞⠕⠝⠑⠀⠃⠽⠀⠓⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠲⠀⠄⠠⠃⠽⠀
⠓⠁⠝⠙⠦⠄⠀⠠⠕⠓⠂⠀⠽⠑⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠁⠇⠺⠁⠽⠎⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠛⠕⠕⠙⠀⠺⠁⠽⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠀⠏⠑⠗⠋⠑⠉⠞⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠝⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠎⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠛⠕⠕⠙⠀⠏⠇⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠃⠽
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠑⠽⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠗⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.