Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 446, July 19, 1884 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 446, July 19, 1884 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

200,851 braille cells · 210 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,072 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠷⠀⠁⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠑⠀⠉⠗⠕⠎⠎⠬⠂⠀⠮⠀⠗⠁⠊⠇⠎⠀⠷⠀⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠓⠀⠁
⠀⠗⠁⠙⠊⠥⠎⠀⠷⠀⠼⠙⠂⠀⠼⠋⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠼⠓⠀⠍⠑⠞⠻⠎⠆⠀⠁⠀⠏⠥⠩⠀⠾⠀⠮
⠀⠋⠕⠕⠞⠀⠎⠥⠋⠋⠊⠉⠑⠎⠀⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠇⠞⠻⠀⠮⠀⠎⠺⠊⠞⠡⠲⠀⠠⠮⠗⠑⠀
⠁⠗⠑⠀⠋⠳⠗⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠻⠢⠞⠀⠍⠕⠙⠑⠇⠎⠀⠷⠀⠉⠗⠕⠎⠎⠬⠎⠀⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠌⠗⠥⠉⠞⠫⠀⠿⠀⠑⠁⠡⠀⠗⠁⠙⠊⠥⠎⠂⠀⠧⠊⠵⠲⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠲⠀⠠⠿⠀
⠞⠺⠕⠀⠞⠗⠁⠉⠅⠎⠀⠾⠀⠎⠽⠍⠍⠑⠞⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠙⠊⠧⠻⠛⠢⠉⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠃⠲⠀⠠⠿⠀⠁⠀⠉⠥⠗⠧⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠐⠗⠀⠯⠀⠁⠀⠌⠗⠁⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀
⠞⠗⠁⠉⠅⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠉⠲⠀⠠⠿⠀⠁⠀⠉⠥⠗⠧⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠇⠑⠋⠞⠀⠯⠀⠁⠀
⠌⠗⠁⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠞⠗⠁⠉⠅⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠙⠲⠀⠠⠿⠀⠁⠀⠍⠑⠑⠞⠬⠀⠷⠀⠹⠗⠑⠑⠀
⠞⠗⠁⠉⠅⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠱⠢⠀⠁⠀⠋⠊⠭⠫⠀⠇⠔⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠥⠎⠫⠂⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠃⠑⠞⠞⠻⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠀⠮⠀⠍⠕⠧⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠎⠺⠊⠞⠡⠀⠃⠽⠀⠀⠁⠀
⠋⠊⠭⠫⠀⠉⠁⠌⠤⠊⠗⠕⠝⠀⠎⠺⠊⠞⠡⠂⠀⠯⠀⠞⠕⠀⠇⠑⠞⠀⠮⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠍⠢⠀
⠱⠕⠀⠙⠗⠊⠧⠑⠀⠮⠀⠺⠁⠛⠕⠝⠀⠀⠏⠥⠩⠀⠭⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠗⠑⠟⠥⠊⠗⠫⠲⠀⠠⠏⠇⠁⠝⠫⠀⠎⠺⠊⠞⠡⠀⠞⠕⠝⠛⠥⠑⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀
⠥⠎⠫⠂⠀⠀⠓⠁⠧⠬⠀⠮⠀⠩⠁⠏⠑⠀⠷⠀⠘⠹⠀⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠫⠀⠕⠝⠀⠮⠀
⠝⠕⠗⠍⠁⠇⠀⠞⠗⠁⠉⠅⠎⠂⠀⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠿⠀⠀⠮⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠁⠛⠑⠀⠷
⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠀⠑⠝⠛⠔⠑⠎⠆⠀⠮⠀⠎⠺⠊⠞⠡⠑⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠂⠀⠔⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀
⠉⠁⠎⠑⠂⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠫⠀⠀⠃⠽⠀⠮⠀⠁⠏⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠁⠀⠓⠯⠀
⠇⠑⠧⠻⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠥⠗⠝⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠌⠎⠀⠷
⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠋⠁⠉⠫⠀⠏⠇⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠇⠁⠊⠙⠀⠕⠧⠻⠀⠮⠀⠕⠮⠗⠂⠀⠀⠐⠕⠀⠷⠀
⠹⠊⠉⠅⠀⠩⠑⠑⠞⠀⠊⠗⠕⠝⠂⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀⠕⠮⠗⠀⠷⠀⠉⠁⠌⠀⠊⠗⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀
⠩⠑⠑⠞⠤⠊⠗⠕⠝⠀⠀⠏⠇⠁⠞⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠋⠊⠞⠞⠫⠀⠾⠀⠁⠀⠏⠊⠧⠕⠞⠂⠀
⠁⠗⠳⠝⠙⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠮⠀⠉⠁⠌⠀⠊⠗⠕⠝⠀⠐⠕⠀⠊⠎⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀
⠗⠑⠧⠕⠇⠧⠑⠆⠀⠘⠮⠀⠏⠇⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠑⠊⠮⠗⠀⠃⠑⠀⠎⠍⠕⠕⠹⠂⠀⠕⠗
⠀⠛⠗⠕⠕⠧⠫⠀⠿⠀⠮⠀⠱⠑⠑⠇⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀⠿⠍⠻⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠥⠎⠫⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.