Library / Philosophy / On the Improvement of the Understanding / Braille
On the Improvement of the Understanding ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
97,095 braille cells · 103 embossed pages at 40×25 · 398 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠕⠃⠎⠑⠗⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠊⠝⠙⠄⠎ ⠀⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠎⠞⠁⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠑⠗⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀ ⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠑⠭⠂⠀⠎⠕⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗ ⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠋⠊⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠃⠑⠀⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠗⠂⠀⠺⠓⠑⠗⠑⠁⠎⠀ ⠁⠎⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠎⠞⠁⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠀⠊⠝⠉⠗⠑⠁⠎⠑⠎⠂⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀ ⠉⠁⠏⠁⠉⠊⠞⠽⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠑⠝⠞⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠋⠊⠉⠞⠊⠞⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀ ⠊⠙⠑⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠑⠎⠀⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠲⠀⠀⠶⠼⠑⠓⠒⠉⠶⠀⠠⠋⠕⠗⠀ ⠊⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠺⠁⠽⠀⠁⠎⠀⠺⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀ ⠥⠝⠁⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀⠀⠺⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠅⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠋⠑⠊⠛⠝ ⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠗⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠅⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀ ⠎⠕⠂⠀⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠂⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠺⠑⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠃⠕⠙⠽⠀⠺⠑⠀⠉⠁⠝⠝⠕⠞⠀⠊⠍⠁⠛⠊⠝⠑⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠋⠊⠝⠊⠞⠑⠀⠀⠋⠇⠽⠆ ⠀⠕⠗⠂⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠺⠑⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠎⠕⠥⠇⠂⠀⠵⠀⠺⠑⠀⠉⠁⠝⠝⠕⠞⠀⠊⠍⠁⠛⠊⠝⠑⠀⠀⠊⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠎⠟⠥⠁⠗⠑⠂ ⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠁⠝⠽⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠑⠭⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠑⠙⠀ ⠧⠑⠗⠃⠁⠇⠇⠽⠲⠀⠀⠶⠼⠙⠶⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠂⠀⠀⠁⠎⠀⠺⠑⠀⠎⠁⠊⠙⠀⠁⠃⠕⠧⠑⠂ ⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠍⠑⠝⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠀⠕⠋⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀ ⠑⠁⠎⠊⠇⠽⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠉⠕⠊⠝⠀⠋⠊⠉⠞⠊⠞⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠊⠙⠑⠁⠎⠂⠀ ⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠗⠑⠑⠎⠀⠎⠏⠑⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠍⠑⠝⠀⠊⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀⠀ ⠉⠓⠁⠝⠛⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠎⠞⠕⠝⠑⠎⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠞⠁⠊⠝⠎⠂⠀ ⠛⠓⠕⠎⠞⠎⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠝⠀⠍⠊⠗⠗⠕⠗⠎⠂⠀⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀ ⠊⠎⠎⠥⠊⠝⠛⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠝⠕⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠛⠕⠙⠎⠀⠉⠓⠁⠝⠛⠑⠙⠀ ⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠁⠎⠞⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠑⠝⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠋⠊⠝⠊⠞⠑⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀ ⠁⠃⠎⠥⠗⠙⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠅⠊⠝⠙⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠑⠊⠀ ⠶⠼⠁⠶⠀⠠⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠏⠑⠗⠎⠕⠝⠎⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠅⠂⠀⠏⠑⠗⠓⠁⠏⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.