Claude Shannon Dead
Proved Boolean algebra could design switching circuits (1937 master's thesis), then founded information theory in 1948.
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Founded information theory twice over: the 1937 master's thesis that made Boolean algebra the mathematics of circuits, and 'A Mathematical Theory of Communication' (1948) that defined the bit.\n\nAlso built Theseus the maze-solving mouse and a juggling robot. The most consequential master's thesis ever written.