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Library / Biology / Scientific American, Volume 22, No. 1, January 1, 1870 / Braille

Scientific American, Volume 22, No. 1, January 1, 1870 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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426,135 braille cells · 456 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,075 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠑⠭⠞⠑⠗⠝⠁⠇⠇⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠗⠑⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠝⠀⠉⠕⠗⠗⠑⠎⠏⠕⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛
⠀⠉⠁⠧⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠑⠗⠝⠀⠃⠗⠁⠉⠑⠎⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠓⠁⠝⠛⠑⠗⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠏⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠃⠑⠁⠗⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀
⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠊⠙⠙⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠓⠁⠋⠞⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠁⠗⠗⠁⠝⠛⠑⠙⠀⠕⠝⠀⠁⠀⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠁⠗⠀
⠎⠑⠇⠋⠤⠁⠙⠚⠥⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠓⠗⠥⠎⠞⠀
⠃⠑⠁⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠑⠉⠥⠇⠊⠁⠗⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠁⠗⠗⠁⠝⠛⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠑⠁⠗⠊⠝⠛
⠀⠎⠥⠗⠋⠁⠉⠑⠎⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠊⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠏⠑⠗⠋⠑⠉⠞⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠉⠞⠀
⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠓⠁⠋⠞⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠇⠊⠝⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠧⠑⠗⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠛⠑⠁⠗⠀⠇⠊⠅⠑⠺⠊⠎⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀
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⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠕⠇⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠧⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠇⠇⠑⠗⠎⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠉⠊⠗⠉⠥⠍⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠉⠇⠁⠊⠍⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠑⠝⠛⠊⠝⠑⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠑⠎⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠉⠞⠀⠽⠑⠞⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠺⠊⠝⠀⠎⠉⠗⠑⠺⠀⠧⠑⠎⠎⠑⠇⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀
⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠞⠕⠗⠏⠑⠙⠕⠀⠠⠃⠕⠁⠞⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠃⠇⠑⠍⠲⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀
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⠋⠊⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠗⠁⠏⠊⠙⠇⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠞⠽⠂⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀
⠁⠞⠀⠇⠑⠝⠛⠞⠓⠀⠗⠑⠁⠉⠓⠑⠙⠀⠁⠀⠎⠁⠞⠊⠎⠋⠁⠉⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀
⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠎⠁⠽⠎⠒⠀⠀⠠⠁⠀⠃⠕⠁⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠑⠙⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀⠏⠗⠕⠧⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.