Skip to content

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 363, December 16, 1882 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 363, December 16, 1882 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

234,925 braille cells · 249 embossed pages at 40×25 · 953 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀
⠠⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠠⠠⠎⠥⠏⠏⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠠⠠⠝⠕⠲⠀⠼⠉⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀⠠⠠⠽⠕⠗⠅⠂⠀⠠⠠⠙⠑⠉⠑⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠼⠁⠋⠂⠀⠼⠁⠓⠓⠃⠀⠀
⠠⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠠⠎⠥⠏⠏⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠲⠀⠠⠧⠕⠇⠲
⠀⠠⠠⠭⠊⠧⠂⠀⠠⠝⠕⠲⠀⠼⠉⠋⠉⠲⠀⠀⠠⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀
⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠑⠎⠞⠁⠃⠇⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠼⠁⠓⠙⠑⠀⠀⠠⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉
⠀⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠠⠎⠥⠏⠏⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀⠼⠑⠀⠁⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠎⠥⠏⠏⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀
⠼⠛⠀⠁⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠠⠠⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠠⠉⠕⠝⠞⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠀⠠⠊⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠑⠝⠛⠊⠝⠑⠑⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠠⠠⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠠⠠⠍⠑⠉⠓⠁⠝⠊⠉⠎⠲⠤⠤⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀⠠⠽⠕⠗⠅⠀⠠⠉⠁⠝⠁⠇⠎⠲⠤⠤
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠽⠂⠀⠙⠊⠍⠑⠝⠎⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠍⠑⠗⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀⠊⠝⠋⠇⠥⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠉⠕⠞⠞⠗⠁⠥⠄⠎⠀
⠠⠇⠕⠉⠕⠍⠕⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠠⠁⠎⠉⠑⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠠⠎⠞⠑⠑⠏⠀
⠠⠛⠗⠁⠙⠑⠎⠲⠤⠤⠼⠁⠀⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠃⠁⠉⠓⠍⠁⠝⠝⠄⠎⠀
⠠⠎⠞⠑⠁⠍⠀⠠⠙⠗⠊⠑⠗⠤⠤⠼⠉⠀⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠓⠲⠀⠠⠎⠲
⠀⠠⠏⠁⠗⠍⠑⠇⠑⠑⠄⠎⠀⠠⠏⠁⠞⠑⠝⠞⠀⠠⠁⠥⠞⠕⠍⠁⠞⠊⠉⠀
⠎⠏⠗⠊⠝⠅⠇⠑⠗⠲⠤⠤⠼⠃⠀⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠊⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠠⠙⠗⠁⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠠⠉⠕⠝⠧⠑⠗⠛⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠠⠎⠞⠗⠁⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠠⠇⠊⠝⠑⠎⠲⠤⠤⠼⠁⠚⠀⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠋⠑⠑⠙⠀⠠⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠠⠓⠑⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠏⠥⠗⠊⠋⠊⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠃⠽⠀
⠠⠠⠛⠑⠕⠲⠀⠠⠎⠲⠀⠠⠠⠎⠞⠗⠕⠝⠛⠲⠤⠤⠼⠃⠀⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠏⠁⠏⠑⠗⠀⠠⠍⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠠⠙⠕⠺⠝⠀⠠⠑⠁⠎⠞⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠛⠕⠥⠇⠊⠑⠗⠄⠎⠀⠠⠞⠥⠃⠑⠀⠠⠛⠁⠥⠛⠑⠲⠤⠤⠼⠁⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.