Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 288, July 9, 1881 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 288, July 9, 1881 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

267,686 braille cells · 283 embossed pages at 40×25 · 798 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠛⠥⠝⠤⠉⠕⠞⠞⠕⠝⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠊⠉⠗⠊⠞⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠋⠥⠇⠍⠊⠝⠁⠞⠑⠎⠂⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀⠁⠀⠞⠑⠗⠗⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠙⠁⠝⠛⠑⠗⠀
⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠝⠅⠝⠕⠺⠝⠀⠍⠕⠙⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀⠥⠝⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠁⠞⠕⠍⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠗⠑⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠇⠑⠎⠀
⠺⠊⠞⠓⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠎⠑⠇⠧⠑⠎⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠎⠏⠕⠝⠞⠁⠝⠑⠕⠥⠎⠀
⠑⠭⠏⠇⠕⠎⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠓⠁⠏⠏⠑⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠝⠀⠊⠗⠗⠑⠛⠥⠇⠁⠗⠀
⠍⠁⠝⠝⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠉⠥⠗⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠉⠊⠗⠉⠥⠍⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀
⠁⠞⠞⠑⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠝⠥⠋⠁⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠛⠥⠝⠤⠉⠕⠞⠞⠕⠝⠂⠼⠁⠀⠝⠊⠞⠗⠕⠤⠛⠇⠽⠉⠑⠗⠊⠝⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠙⠽⠝⠁⠍⠊⠞⠑⠲⠀⠠⠃⠁⠗⠕⠝⠀⠧⠕⠝⠀⠠⠇⠊⠝⠅⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠎⠽⠎⠞⠑⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠗⠞⠊⠇⠇⠑⠗⠽⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠛⠥⠝⠤⠉⠕⠞⠞⠕⠝⠂⠀⠙⠊⠍⠊⠝⠊⠎⠓⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠁⠝⠛⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠎⠥⠙⠙⠑⠝⠀⠑⠭⠏⠇⠕⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠺⠊⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠏⠁⠗⠑⠙⠀⠉⠕⠞⠞⠕⠝⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠉⠕⠗⠙⠎⠀⠕⠗⠀⠺⠑⠁⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠞
⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠉⠇⠕⠞⠓⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠃⠽⠀⠎⠑⠉⠥⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀
⠥⠝⠊⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀⠙⠑⠝⠎⠊⠞⠽⠲⠀⠠⠍⠗⠲⠀⠠⠁⠃⠑⠇⠄⠎⠀⠍⠕⠙⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠍⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠛⠥⠝⠤⠉⠕⠞⠞⠕⠝⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠑⠭⠏⠇⠕⠎⠊⠧⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠝⠕⠺⠀⠥⠎⠑⠙⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠃⠗⠊⠞⠊⠎⠓⠀⠛⠕⠧⠑⠗⠝⠍⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀⠊⠝⠉⠇⠥⠙⠑⠎⠀⠙⠗⠽⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠙⠁⠍⠏⠀⠏⠗⠑⠏⠁⠗⠑⠙⠀⠉⠕⠞⠞⠕⠝⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠓⠕⠞⠀⠏⠇⠁⠞⠑⠎⠂⠀
⠋⠗⠑⠑⠇⠽⠀⠕⠏⠑⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠊⠗⠲⠀⠠⠊⠋⠀⠊⠛⠝⠊⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁
⠀⠋⠇⠁⠍⠑⠂⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠝⠀⠥⠝⠉⠕⠝⠋⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠂
⠀⠛⠥⠝⠤⠉⠕⠞⠞⠕⠝⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠃⠥⠗⠝⠎⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠀⠎⠞⠗⠕⠝⠛⠀
⠃⠇⠁⠵⠑⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠋⠀⠉⠕⠝⠋⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠺⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠞⠑⠍⠏⠑⠗⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠗⠑⠁⠉⠓⠑⠎⠀⠼⠉⠙⠚⠀⠠⠋⠲⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.