Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 288, July 9, 1881 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 288, July 9, 1881 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

267,686 braille cells · 283 embossed pages at 40×25 · 798 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠠⠞⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠁⠞⠑⠝⠞⠀⠓⠑⠁⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠞⠑⠁⠍⠀⠁⠎⠀⠼⠑⠉⠛
⠀⠠⠉⠲⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠽⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠼⠁⠙⠲⠛⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠧⠁⠏⠕⠗⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠁⠇⠀⠥⠎⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠂⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀
⠑⠟⠥⠊⠧⠁⠇⠑⠝⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠉⠁⠇⠕⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠼⠛⠂⠊⠁⠑⠲⠀⠠⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠝⠁⠇⠽⠎⠊⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠁⠇⠂⠀⠙⠊⠎⠗⠑⠛⠁⠗⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠊⠞⠗⠕⠛⠑⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠙⠑⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠀⠑⠟⠥⠊⠧⠁⠇⠑⠝⠞
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠽⠙⠗⠕⠛⠑⠝⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠭⠽⠛⠑⠝⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠞⠕⠞⠁⠇⠀⠓⠑⠁⠞⠀⠥⠝⠊⠞⠎⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠝⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠋⠁⠧⠗⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠠⠎⠊⠇⠃⠑⠗⠍⠁⠝⠝⠄⠎⠀⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠉⠁⠗⠃⠕⠝⠀
⠶⠼⠓⠂⠚⠓⠚⠶⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠽⠙⠗⠕⠛⠑⠝⠀⠶⠼⠉⠙⠂⠙⠋⠃⠶⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠼⠓⠂⠛⠙⠋⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠎⠑⠑⠝⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠂⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠇⠕⠗⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠙⠑⠞⠑⠗⠍⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀
⠃⠽⠀⠠⠞⠓⠕⠍⠏⠎⠕⠝⠄⠎⠀⠁⠏⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠥⠎⠂⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠎⠀⠁⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀
⠇⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠊⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠼⠑⠉⠛⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠑⠁⠞⠀⠥⠝⠊⠞⠎⠀⠉⠁⠇⠉⠥⠇⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠓⠑⠍⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠁⠇⠲⠀⠠⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀
⠠⠊⠀⠥⠎⠑⠙⠀⠠⠞⠓⠕⠍⠏⠎⠕⠝⠄⠎⠀⠁⠏⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠥⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠓⠑⠍⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠇⠁⠃⠕⠗⠁⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀⠁⠞⠀⠠⠞⠥⠗⠊⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠙⠑⠞⠑⠗⠍⠊⠝⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠧⠁⠏⠕⠗⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠧⠁⠗⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠉⠁⠗⠛⠕⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠎⠕⠥⠞⠓⠀⠠⠺⠁⠇⠑⠎⠀⠉⠕⠁⠇⠂⠀
⠊⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠛⠗⠑⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠍⠥⠞⠥⠁⠇⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠞⠑⠍⠏⠑⠗⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠁⠞⠀⠎⠞⠁⠗⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠼⠉⠊⠀⠠⠋⠲⠀⠶⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠑⠍⠏⠑⠗⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠑⠁⠞⠀⠥⠝⠊⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠙⠑⠞⠑⠗⠍⠊⠝⠑⠙⠶⠲⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.