Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 288, July 9, 1881 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 288, July 9, 1881 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

267,686 braille cells · 283 embossed pages at 40×25 · 798 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠉⠽⠇⠊⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠊⠎⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀
⠁⠏⠏⠗⠑⠉⠊⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠗⠑⠁⠉⠓⠑⠙⠀
⠼⠁⠉⠀⠁⠃⠕⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠕⠕⠍⠲⠀⠠⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠼⠑⠚⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠕⠕⠍⠀⠁⠞⠀⠼⠑⠑⠂⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠁⠇⠀⠛⠁⠧⠑⠀⠼⠁⠉⠲⠙⠀⠗⠊⠎⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠑⠁⠎⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠞⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠗⠅⠀⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠁⠇⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠃⠥⠗⠝⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠞⠓⠕⠍⠏⠎⠕⠝⠄⠎⠀
⠉⠁⠇⠕⠗⠊⠍⠑⠞⠑⠗⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠑⠧⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀
⠞⠗⠊⠁⠇⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠗⠅⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀⠥⠝⠊⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠇⠽⠀⠏⠑⠗⠋⠕⠗⠍⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠼⠛⠚⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠕⠕⠍⠀⠁⠞⠀⠼⠓⠚⠂⠀⠁⠀⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠀
⠺⠁⠎⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠑⠙⠀⠕⠥⠞⠲⠀⠠⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠍⠑⠙⠊⠁⠞⠑⠀⠞⠑⠍⠏⠑⠗⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀
⠉⠁⠗⠗⠊⠑⠙⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠶⠎⠑⠑⠀⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠎⠑⠟⠥⠑⠇⠶⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠞⠗⠥⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠓⠕⠇⠑⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠑⠍⠏⠑⠗⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠺⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠙⠑⠁⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠍⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠉⠕⠗⠗⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠼⠚⠲⠃⠑⠂⠀
⠃⠥⠞⠀⠼⠚⠲⠃⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠂⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠊⠑⠙⠀
⠃⠽⠀⠼⠑⠉⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠉⠁⠇⠕⠗⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠎
⠀⠙⠕⠝⠑⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠥⠞⠓⠕⠗⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠊⠞⠁⠇⠽⠂⠀
⠍⠁⠅⠑⠎⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠼⠁⠚⠚⠀⠓⠑⠁⠞⠀⠥⠝⠊⠞⠎⠤⠤⠁⠀
⠎⠑⠗⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠼⠑⠰⠙⠲⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠝⠀
⠋⠊⠝⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠞⠞⠁⠉⠓⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠼⠁⠚⠚⠀⠉⠁⠇⠕⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀
⠇⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠛⠥⠁⠗⠁⠝⠞⠑⠑⠙⠲⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.